As of 2023, customer data was the leading source of information used to train artificial intelligence (AI) models in South Korea, with nearly 70 percent of surveyed companies answering that way. About 62 percent responded to use existing data within the company when training their AI model.

The open dataset, software, and other files accompanying the manuscript "An Open Combinatorial Diffraction Dataset Including Consensus Human and Machine Learning Labels with Quantified Uncertainty for Training New Machine Learning Models," submitted for publication to Integrated Materials and Manufacturing Innovations. Machine learning and autonomy are increasingly prevalent in materials science, but existing models are often trained or tuned using idealized data as absolute ground truths. In actual materials science, "ground truth" is often a matter of interpretation and is more readily determined by consensus. Here we present the data, software, and other files for a study using as-obtained diffraction data as a test case for evaluating the performance of machine learning models in the presence of differing expert opinions. We demonstrate that experts with similar backgrounds can disagree greatly even for something as intuitive as using diffraction to identify the start and end of a phase transformation. We then use a logarithmic likelihood method to evaluate the performance of machine learning models in relation to the consensus expert labels and their variance. We further illustrate this method's efficacy in ranking a number of state-of-the-art phase mapping algorithms. We propose a materials data challenge centered around the problem of evaluating models based on consensus with uncertainty. The data, labels, and code used in this study are all available online at data.gov, and the interested reader is encouraged to replicate and improve the existing models or to propose alternative methods for evaluating algorithmic performance.

The training samples of the entire year (from yr-2 of simulation) are compressed in SPCAM_ML_Han_et_al_0.tar.gz, and testing samples of the entire year (from yr-3 of simulation) are compressed in SPCAM_ML_Han_et_al_1.tar.gz. In each dataset, there are a data documentation file and 365 netCDF data files (one file for each day) that are marked by its date. The variable fields contain temperature and moisture tendencies and cloud water and cloud ice from the CRM, and vertical profiles of temperature and moisture and large-scale temperature and moisture tendencies from the dynamic core of SPCAM’s host model CAM5 and PBL diffusion. In addition, we include surface sensible and latent heat fluxes. For more details, please read the data documentation inside the tar.gz files.

Bats play crucial ecological roles and provide valuable ecosystem services, yet many populations face serious threats from various ecological disturbances. The North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) aims to assess status and trends of bat populations while developing innovative and community-driven conservation solutions using its unique data and technology infrastructure. To support scalability and transparency in the NABat acoustic data pipeline, we developed a fully-automated machine-learning algorithm. This dataset includes audio files of bat echolocation calls that were considered to develop V1.0 of the NABat machine-learning algorithm, however the test set (i.e., holdout dataset) has been excluded from this release. These recordings were collected by various bat monitoring partners across North America using ultrasonic acoustic recorders for stationary acoustic and mobile acoustic surveys. For more information on how these surveys may be conducted, see Chapters 4 and 5 of “A Plan for the North American Bat Monitoring Program” (https://doi.org/10.2737/SRS-GTR-208). These data were then post-processed by bat monitoring partners to remove noise files (or those that do not contain recognizable bat calls) and apply a species label to each file. There is undoubtedly variation in the steps that monitoring partners take to apply a species label, but the steps documented in “A Guide to Processing Bat Acoustic Data for the North American Bat Monitoring Program” (https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181068) include first processing with an automated classifier and then manually reviewing to confirm or downgrade the suggested species label. Once a manual ID label was applied, audio files of bat acoustic recordings were submitted to the NABat database in Waveform Audio File format. From these available files in the NABat database, we considered files from 35 classes (34 species and a noise class). Files for 4 species were excluded due to low sample size (Corynorhinus rafinesquii, N=3; Eumops floridanus, N =3; Lasiurus xanthinus, N = 4; Nyctinomops femorosaccus, N =11). From this pool, files were randomly selected until files for each species/grid cell combination were exhausted or the number of recordings reach 1250. The dataset was then randomly split into training, validation, and test sets (i.e., holdout dataset). This data release includes all files considered for training and validation, including files that had been excluded from model development and testing due to low sample size for a given species or because the threshold for species/grid cell combinations had been met. The test set (i.e., holdout dataset) is not included. Audio files are grouped by species, as indicated by the four-letter species code in the name of each folder. Definitions for each four-letter code, including Family, Genus, Species, and Common name, are also included as a dataset in this release.

The U.S. AI Training Dataset Market size was valued at USD 590.4 million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 1880.70 million by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 18.0 % during the forecasts period. The U. S. AI training dataset market deals with the generation, selection, and organization of datasets used in training artificial intelligence. These datasets contain the requisite information that the machine learning algorithms need to infer and learn from. Conducts include the advancement and improvement of AI solutions in different fields of business like transport, medical analysis, computing language, and money related measurements. The applications include training the models for activities such as image classification, predictive modeling, and natural language interface. Other emerging trends are the change in direction of more and better-quality, various and annotated data for the improvement of model efficiency, synthetic data generation for data shortage, and data confidentiality and ethical issues in dataset management. Furthermore, due to arising technologies in artificial intelligence and machine learning, there is a noticeable development in building and using the datasets. Recent developments include: In February 2024, Google struck a deal worth USD 60 million per year with Reddit that will give the former real-time access to the latter’s data and use Google AI to enhance Reddit’s search capabilities. , In February 2024, Microsoft announced around USD 2.1 billion investment in Mistral AI to expedite the growth and deployment of large language models. The U.S. giant is expected to underpin Mistral AI with Azure AI supercomputing infrastructure to provide top-notch scale and performance for AI training and inference workloads. .

Wirestock's AI/ML Image Training Data, 4.5M Files with Metadata: This data product is a unique offering in the realm of AI/ML training data. What sets it apart is the sheer volume and diversity of the dataset, which includes 4.5 million files spanning across 20 different categories. These categories range from Animals/Wildlife and The Arts to Technology and Transportation, providing a rich and varied dataset for AI/ML applications.

The data is sourced from Wirestock's platform, where creators upload and sell their photos, videos, and AI art online. This means that the data is not only vast but also constantly updated, ensuring a fresh and relevant dataset for your AI/ML needs. The data is collected in a GDPR-compliant manner, ensuring the privacy and rights of the creators are respected.

The primary use-cases for this data product are numerous. It is ideal for training machine learning models for image recognition, improving computer vision algorithms, and enhancing AI applications in various industries such as retail, healthcare, and transportation. The diversity of the dataset also means it can be used for more niche applications, such as training AI to recognize specific objects or scenes.

This data product fits into Wirestock's broader data offering as a key resource for AI/ML training. Wirestock is a platform for creators to sell their work, and this dataset is a collection of that work. It represents the breadth and depth of content available on Wirestock, making it a valuable resource for any company working with AI/ML.

The core benefits of this dataset are its volume, diversity, and quality. With 4.5 million files, it provides a vast resource for AI training. The diversity of the dataset, spanning 20 categories, ensures a wide range of images for training purposes. The quality of the images is also high, as they are sourced from creators selling their work on Wirestock.

In terms of how the data is collected, creators upload their work to Wirestock, where it is then sold on various marketplaces. This means the data is sourced directly from creators, ensuring a diverse and unique dataset. The data includes both the images themselves and associated metadata, providing additional context for each image.

The different image categories included in this dataset are Animals/Wildlife, The Arts, Backgrounds/Textures, Beauty/Fashion, Buildings/Landmarks, Business/Finance, Celebrities, Education, Emotions, Food Drinks, Holidays, Industrial, Interiors, Nature Parks/Outdoor, People, Religion, Science, Signs/Symbols, Sports/Recreation, Technology, Transportation, Vintage, Healthcare/Medical, Objects, and Miscellaneous. This wide range of categories ensures a diverse dataset that can cater to a variety of AI/ML applications.

The BUTTER Empirical Deep Learning Dataset represents an empirical study of the deep learning phenomena on dense fully connected networks, scanning across thirteen datasets, eight network shapes, fourteen depths, twenty-three network sizes (number of trainable parameters), four learning rates, six minibatch sizes, four levels of label noise, and fourteen levels of L1 and L2 regularization each. Multiple repetitions (typically 30, sometimes 10) of each combination of hyperparameters were preformed, and statistics including training and test loss (using a 80% / 20% shuffled train-test split) are recorded at the end of each training epoch. In total, this dataset covers 178 thousand distinct hyperparameter settings ("experiments"), 3.55 million individual training runs (an average of 20 repetitions of each experiments), and a total of 13.3 billion training epochs (three thousand epochs were covered by most runs). Accumulating this dataset consumed 5,448.4 CPU core-years, 17.8 GPU-years, and 111.2 node-years.

The AI Training Dataset Market size was valued at USD 2124.0 million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 8593.38 million by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 22.1 % during the forecasts period. An AI training dataset is a collection of data used to train machine learning models. It typically includes labeled examples, where each data point has an associated output label or target value. The quality and quantity of this data are crucial for the model's performance. A well-curated dataset ensures the model learns relevant features and patterns, enabling it to generalize effectively to new, unseen data. Training datasets can encompass various data types, including text, images, audio, and structured data. The driving forces behind this growth include:

Accurate methods to predict solubility from molecular structure are highly sought after in the chemical sciences. To assess the state of the art, the American Chemical Society organized a “Second Solubility Challenge” in 2019, in which competitors were invited to submit blinded predictions of the solubilities of 132 drug-like molecules. In the first part of this article, we describe the development of two models that were submitted to the Blind Challenge in 2019 but which have not previously been reported. These models were based on computationally inexpensive molecular descriptors and traditional machine learning algorithms and were trained on a relatively small data set of 300 molecules. In the second part of the article, to test the hypothesis that predictions would improve with more advanced algorithms and higher volumes of training data, we compare these original predictions with those made after the deadline using deep learning models trained on larger solubility data sets consisting of 2999 and 5697 molecules. The results show that there are several algorithms that are able to obtain near state-of-the-art performance on the solubility challenge data sets, with the best model, a graph convolutional neural network, resulting in an RMSE of 0.86 log units. Critical analysis of the models reveals systematic differences between the performance of models using certain feature sets and training data sets. The results suggest that careful selection of high quality training data from relevant regions of chemical space is critical for prediction accuracy but that other methodological issues remain problematic for machine learning solubility models, such as the difficulty in modeling complex chemical spaces from sparse training data sets.

This dataset includes compiled water temperature data from a variety of sources, including the Water Quality Portal (Read et al. 2017), the North Temperate Lakes Long-TERM Ecological Research Program (https://lter.limnology.wisc.edu/), the Minnesota department of Natural Resources, and the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (gleon.org). This dataset is part of a larger data release of lake temperature model inputs and outputs for 68 lakes in the U.S. states of Minnesota and Wisconsin (http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/P9AQPIVD).

Objective: Biomechanical Machine Learning (ML) models, particularly deep-learning models, demonstrate the best performance when trained using extensive datasets. However, biomechanical data are frequently limited due to diverse challenges. Effective methods for augmenting data in developing ML models, specifically in the human posture domain, are scarce. Therefore, this study explored the feasibility of leveraging generative artificial intelligence (AI) to produce realistic synthetic posture data by utilizing three-dimensional posture data.Methods: Data were collected from 338 subjects through surface topography. A Variational Autoencoder (VAE) architecture was employed to generate and evaluate synthetic posture data, examining its distinguishability from real data by domain experts, ML classifiers, and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). The benefits of incorporating augmented posture data into the learning process were exemplified by a deep autoencoder (AE) for automated feature representation.Results: Our findings highlight the challenge of differentiating synthetic data from real data for both experts and ML classifiers, underscoring the quality of synthetic data. This observation was also confirmed by SPM. By integrating synthetic data into AE training, the reconstruction error can be reduced compared to using only real data samples. Moreover, this study demonstrates the potential for reduced latent dimensions, while maintaining a reconstruction accuracy comparable to AEs trained exclusively on real data samples.Conclusion: This study emphasizes the prospects of harnessing generative AI to enhance ML tasks in the biomechanics domain.

This is a test collection for passage and document retrieval, produced in the TREC 2023 Deep Learning track. The Deep Learning Track studies information retrieval in a large training data regime. This is the case where the number of training queries with at least one positive label is at least in the tens of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands or more. This corresponds to real-world scenarios such as training based on click logs and training based on labels from shallow pools (such as the pooling in the TREC Million Query Track or the evaluation of search engines based on early precision). Certain machine learning based methods, such as methods based on deep learning are known to require very large datasets for training. Lack of such large scale datasets has been a limitation for developing such methods for common information retrieval tasks, such as document ranking. The Deep Learning Track organized in the previous years aimed at providing large scale datasets to TREC, and create a focused research effort with a rigorous blind evaluation of ranker for the passage ranking and document ranking tasks. Similar to the previous years, one of the main goals of the track in 2022 is to study what methods work best when a large amount of training data is available. For example, do the same methods that work on small data also work on large data? How much do methods improve when given more training data? What external data and models can be brought in to bear in this scenario, and how useful is it to combine full supervision with other forms of supervision? The collection contains 12 million web pages, 138 million passages from those web pages, search queries, and relevance judgments for the queries.

Most machine learning, data science, and artificial intelligence (AI) developers work with unstructured text data of the size between 50 MB and 1 GB, with a combined 51 percent of respondents indicating as such. Twelve percent of respondents work with unstructured video data with a size larger than 1 TB.

The global Artificial Intelligence (AI) Training Dataset market is projected to reach $1605.2 million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of 9.4% from 2025 to 2033. The surge in demand for AI training datasets is driven by the increasing adoption of AI and machine learning technologies in various industries such as healthcare, financial services, and manufacturing. Moreover, the growing need for reliable and high-quality data for training AI models is further fueling the market growth. Key market trends include the increasing adoption of cloud-based AI training datasets, the emergence of synthetic data generation, and the growing focus on data privacy and security. The market is segmented by type (image classification dataset, voice recognition dataset, natural language processing dataset, object detection dataset, and others) and application (smart campus, smart medical, autopilot, smart home, and others). North America is the largest regional market, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. Key companies operating in the market include Appen, Speechocean, TELUS International, Summa Linguae Technologies, and Scale AI. Artificial Intelligence (AI) training datasets are critical for developing and deploying AI models. These datasets provide the data that AI models need to learn, and the quality of the data directly impacts the performance of the model. The AI training dataset market landscape is complex, with many different providers offering datasets for a variety of applications. The market is also rapidly evolving, as new technologies and techniques are developed for collecting, labeling, and managing AI training data.

The diamond is 58 times harder than any other mineral in the world, and its elegance as a jewel has long been appreciated. Forecasting diamond prices is challenging due to nonlinearity in important features such as carat, cut, clarity, table, and depth. Against this backdrop, the study conducted a comparative analysis of the performance of multiple supervised machine learning models (regressors and classifiers) in predicting diamond prices. Eight supervised machine learning algorithms were evaluated in this work including Multiple Linear Regression, Linear Discriminant Analysis, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Boosted Regression and Classification Trees, and Multi-Layer Perceptron. The analysis is based on data preprocessing, exploratory data analysis (EDA), training the aforementioned models, assessing their accuracy, and interpreting their results. Based on the performance metrics values and analysis, it was discovered that eXtreme Gradient Boosting was the most optimal algorithm in both classification and regression, with a R2 score of 97.45% and an Accuracy value of 74.28%. As a result, eXtreme Gradient Boosting was recommended as the optimal regressor and classifier for forecasting the price of a diamond specimen. Methods Kaggle, a data repository with thousands of datasets, was used in the investigation. It is an online community for machine learning practitioners and data scientists, as well as a robust, well-researched, and sufficient resource for analyzing various data sources. On Kaggle, users can search for and publish various datasets. In a web-based data-science environment, they can study datasets and construct models.

As of November 2019, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) are forecast to have a growing share of the training phase artificial intelligence (AI) applications in data centers, making up for a projected 50 percent of it by 2025. Comparatively, graphics processing units (GPUs) will lose their presence by that time, dropping from 97 percent down to 40 percent.

AI chips

In order to provide greater security and efficiency, many data centers are overseeing the widespread implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in their processes and systems. AI technologies and tasks require specialized AI chips that are more powerful and optimized for advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms, owning to an overall growth in data center chip revenues.

The edge

An interesting development for the data center industry is the rise of the edge computing. IT infrastructure is moved into edge data centers, specialized facilities that are located nearer to end-users. The global edge data center market size is expected to reach 13.5 billion U.S. dollars in 2024, twice the size of the market in 2020, with experts suggesting that the growth of emerging technologies like 5G and IoT will contribute to this growth.

The global Data Labeling Solution and Services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) across diverse sectors. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 25% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated market value of $70 billion by 2033. This significant expansion is fueled by the burgeoning need for high-quality training data to enhance the accuracy and performance of AI models. Key growth drivers include the expanding application of AI in various industries like automotive (autonomous vehicles), healthcare (medical image analysis), and financial services (fraud detection). The increasing availability of diverse data types (text, image/video, audio) further contributes to market growth. However, challenges such as the high cost of data labeling, data privacy concerns, and the need for skilled professionals to manage and execute labeling projects pose certain restraints on market expansion. Segmentation by application (automotive, government, healthcare, financial services, others) and data type (text, image/video, audio) reveals distinct growth trajectories within the market. The automotive and healthcare sectors currently dominate, but the government and financial services segments are showing promising growth potential. The competitive landscape is marked by a mix of established players and emerging startups. Companies like Amazon Mechanical Turk, Appen, and Labelbox are leading the market, leveraging their expertise in crowdsourcing, automation, and specialized data labeling solutions. However, the market shows strong potential for innovation, particularly in the development of automated data labeling tools and the expansion of services into niche areas. Regional analysis indicates strong market penetration in North America and Europe, driven by early adoption of AI technologies and robust research and development efforts. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years fueled by rapid technological advancements and a rising demand for AI solutions. Further investment in R&D focused on automation, improved data security, and the development of more effective data labeling methodologies will be crucial for unlocking the full potential of this rapidly expanding market.

The Large-Scale Model Training Machine market is experiencing explosive growth, fueled by the increasing demand for advanced artificial intelligence (AI) applications across diverse sectors. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to witness a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 25% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated $75 billion by 2033. This surge is driven by several factors, including the proliferation of big data, advancements in deep learning algorithms, and the growing need for efficient model training in applications such as natural language processing (NLP), computer vision, and recommendation systems. Key market segments include the Internet, telecommunications, and government sectors, which are heavily investing in AI infrastructure to enhance their services and operational efficiency. The CPU+GPU segment dominates the market due to its superior performance in handling complex computations required for large-scale model training. Leading companies like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and NVIDIA are at the forefront of innovation, constantly developing more powerful hardware and software solutions to address the evolving needs of this rapidly expanding market. The market's growth trajectory is shaped by several trends. The increasing adoption of cloud-based solutions for model training is significantly lowering the barrier to entry for smaller companies. Simultaneously, the development of specialized hardware like Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is further optimizing performance and reducing costs. Despite this positive outlook, challenges remain. High infrastructure costs, the complexity of managing large datasets, and the shortage of skilled AI professionals are significant restraints on the market's expansion. However, ongoing technological advancements and increased investment in AI research are expected to mitigate these challenges, paving the way for sustained growth in the Large-Scale Model Training Machine market. Regional analysis indicates North America and Asia Pacific (particularly China) as the leading markets, with strong growth anticipated in other regions as AI adoption accelerates globally.

The MLCommons Dollar Street Dataset is a collection of images of everyday household items from homes around the world that visually captures socioeconomic diversity of traditionally underrepresented populations. It consists of public domain data, licensed for academic, commercial and non-commercial usage, under CC-BY and CC-BY-SA 4.0. The dataset was developed because similar datasets lack socioeconomic metadata and are not representative of global diversity.

This is a subset of the original dataset that can be used for multiclass classification with 10 categories. It is designed to be used in teaching, similar to the widely used, but unlicensed CIFAR-10 dataset.

These are the preprocessing steps that were performed:

1. Only take examples with one imagenet_synonym label
2. Use only examples with the 10 most frequently occuring labels
3. Downscale images to 64 x 64 pixels
4. Split data in train and test
5. Store as numpy array

This is the label mapping:

Checkout this notebook to see how the subset was created.

The original dataset was downloaded from https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/mlcommons/the-dollar-street-dataset. See https://mlcommons.org/datasets/dollar-street/ for more information.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Ai Training Data market size is USD 1865.2 million in 2023 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23.50% from 2023 to 2030.

The demand for Ai Training Data is rising due to the rising demand for labelled data and diversification of AI applications.
Demand for Image/Video remains higher in the Ai Training Data market.
The Healthcare category held the highest Ai Training Data market revenue share in 2023.
North American Ai Training Data will continue to lead, whereas the Asia-Pacific Ai Training Data market will experience the most substantial growth until 2030.

Market Dynamics of AI Training Data Market

Key Drivers of AI Training Data Market

Rising Demand for Industry-Specific Datasets to Provide Viable Market Output

A key driver in the AI Training Data market is the escalating demand for industry-specific datasets. As businesses across sectors increasingly adopt AI applications, the need for highly specialized and domain-specific training data becomes critical. Industries such as healthcare, finance, and automotive require datasets that reflect the nuances and complexities unique to their domains. This demand fuels the growth of providers offering curated datasets tailored to specific industries, ensuring that AI models are trained with relevant and representative data, leading to enhanced performance and accuracy in diverse applications.

In July 2021, Amazon and Hugging Face, a provider of open-source natural language processing (NLP) technologies, have collaborated. The objective of this partnership was to accelerate the deployment of sophisticated NLP capabilities while making it easier for businesses to use cutting-edge machine-learning models. Following this partnership, Hugging Face will suggest Amazon Web Services as a cloud service provider for its clients.

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Advancements in Data Labelling Technologies to Propel Market Growth

The continuous advancements in data labelling technologies serve as another significant driver for the AI Training Data market. Efficient and accurate labelling is essential for training robust AI models. Innovations in automated and semi-automated labelling tools, leveraging techniques like computer vision and natural language processing, streamline the data annotation process. These technologies not only improve the speed and scalability of dataset preparation but also contribute to the overall quality and consistency of labelled data. The adoption of advanced labelling solutions addresses industry challenges related to data annotation, driving the market forward amidst the increasing demand for high-quality training data.

In June 2021, Scale AI and MIT Media Lab, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology research centre, began working together. To help doctors treat patients more effectively, this cooperation attempted to utilize ML in healthcare.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7325854/

Restraint Factors Of AI Training Data Market

Data Privacy and Security Concerns to Restrict Market Growth

A significant restraint in the AI Training Data market is the growing concern over data privacy and security. As the demand for diverse and expansive datasets rises, so does the need for sensitive information. However, the collection and utilization of personal or proprietary data raise ethical and privacy issues. Companies and data providers face challenges in ensuring compliance with regulations and safeguarding against unauthorized access or misuse of sensitive information. Addressing these concerns becomes imperative to gain user trust and navigate the evolving landscape of data protection laws, which, in turn, poses a restraint on the smooth progression of the AI Training Data market.

How did COVID–19 impact the Ai Training Data market?

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a multifaceted impact on the AI Training Data market. While the demand for AI solutions has accelerated across industries, the availability and collection of training data faced challenges. The pandemic disrupted traditional data collection methods, leading to a slowdown in the generation of labeled datasets due to restrictions on physical operations. Simultaneously, the surge in remote work and the increased reliance on AI-driven technologies for various applications fueled the need for diverse and relevant training data. This duali...