Abstract

Basic information is lacking about many pastoralist areas in the world. As a result, many services, programmes and policies do not effectively address the needs of pastoralist communities. The Government Cooperative Programme (GCP) project GCP/GLO/779/IF “Pastoralists-driven Data Management System”, was based on the idea that pastoralist associations could themselves collect, manage and share data from among their communities. This information could then be used to advocate for better targeted and pastoralist-friendly policies at local, national and international level. The project aimed at strengthening the capacities of pastoral organizations in data collection, analysis and information management, in order to facilitate evidence-based policy decision-making. It was implemented in Argentina, Chad and Mongolia, managed by the Pastoralist Knowledge Hub (PKH), and supported by the Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement - CIRAD).

In Chad, the project was implemented by the Billital Maroobe Network (Réseau Billital Maroobé - RBM). An innovative approach for collecting data was developed through close partnership among the stakeholders involved, and was adopted during two successive surveys. The two questionnaires for collecting data on pastoralism were discussed and adapted to the national context, through the contribution of the participants and their deep knowledge of the field. This was one of the most innovative and successful aspects of the project, i.e. the pertinence of the method, as a result of the proactive involvement of the beneficiaries. The first survey, which aimed to identify and describe the pastoralist population, gathered information on 8,938 households. The second survey, which was more in-depth and aimed to assess the pastoralist economy and its contribution to the national economies, was conducted on a sample (based on the results of the first survey) of 1,010 households. As well as demonstrating that pastoralist organizations had the potential to successfully manage data, the surveys revealed the actual contribution of pastoralism to the economy of the country. In particular, they showed that pastoralism contributed to the national economy more than studies usually indicated, as, owing to specific characteristics, such as high levels of self-consumption, pastoralists' contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was often underestimated . During the project, it emerged that pastoralism could contribute up to 27 percent to the GDP of Chad.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

Pastoralist Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The first survey, which aimed to identify and describe the pastoralist population, gathered information on 8,938 pastoralist households in Chad. The second survey, which was more in-depth and aimed to assess the pastoralist economy and its contribution to the national economy, was conducted on a sample (based on the results of the first survey) of 1,010 pastoralist households.

Sampling deviation

The target regions for the second survey were originally 15, out of a total of 23 regions. However, owing to unforeseen constraints, only 10 regions were covered.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The survey was conducted in 2 rounds. For the first round, a short questionnaire was submitted to a representative of each household, addressing the following topics: i) households' socio-demographic characteristics; ii) livestock numbers and ownership; iii) land tenure and access; and iv) water access and use.

For the second round, the questionnaire focussed on the economic activity of pastoralists and their contribution to the national GDP. It covers the following topics: i) household identification ii) socio-demographic characteristics iii) livestock herd composition iv) products and final destination v) agricultural production, fishing and hunting activity vi) income and sales vii) household expenses viii) shock and adaptation strategies.

Background For a long time one could not imagine being able to identify species on the basis of genotype only as there were no technological means to do so. But conventional phenotype-based identification requires much effort and a high level of skill, making it almost impossible to analyze a huge number of organisms, as, for example, in microbe-related biological disciplines. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA has been changing the situation, however. We report here an approach that will allow rapid and accurate phylogenetic comparison of any unknown strain to all known type strains, enabling tentative assignments of strains to species. The approach is based on two main technologies: genome profiling and Internet-based databases. Results A complete procedure for provisional identification of species using only their genomes is presented, using random polymerase chain reaction, temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis, image processing to generate 'species-identification dots' (spiddos) and data processing. A database website for this purpose was also constructed and operated successfully. The protocol was standardized to make the system reproducible and reliable. The overall methodology thus established has remarkable aspects in that it enables non-experts to obtain an initial species identification without a lot of effort and is self-developing; that is, species can be determined more definitively as the database is used more and accumulates more genome profiles. Conclusions We have devised a methodology that enables provisional identification of species on the basis of their genotypes only. It is most useful for microbe-related disciplines as they face the most serious difficulties in species identification.

A. Market Research and Analysis: Utilize the Tripadvisor dataset to conduct in-depth market research and analysis in the travel and hospitality industry. Identify emerging trends, popular destinations, and customer preferences. Gain a competitive edge by understanding your target audience's needs and expectations.

B. Competitor Analysis: Compare and contrast your hotel or travel services with competitors on Tripadvisor. Analyze their ratings, customer reviews, and performance metrics to identify strengths and weaknesses. Use these insights to enhance your offerings and stand out in the market.

C. Reputation Management: Monitor and manage your hotel's online reputation effectively. Track and analyze customer reviews and ratings on Tripadvisor to identify improvement areas and promptly address negative feedback. Positive reviews can be leveraged for marketing and branding purposes.

D. Pricing and Revenue Optimization: Leverage the Tripadvisor dataset to analyze pricing strategies and revenue trends in the hospitality sector. Understand seasonal demand fluctuations, pricing patterns, and revenue optimization opportunities to maximize your hotel's profitability.

E. Customer Sentiment Analysis: Conduct sentiment analysis on Tripadvisor reviews to gauge customer satisfaction and sentiment towards your hotel or travel service. Use this information to improve guest experiences, address pain points, and enhance overall customer satisfaction.

F. Content Marketing and SEO: Create compelling content for your hotel or travel website based on the popular keywords, topics, and interests identified in the Tripadvisor dataset. Optimize your content to improve search engine rankings and attract more potential guests.

G. Personalized Marketing Campaigns: Use the data to segment your target audience based on preferences, travel habits, and demographics. Develop personalized marketing campaigns that resonate with different customer segments, resulting in higher engagement and conversions.

H. Investment and Expansion Decisions: Access historical and real-time data on hotel performance and market dynamics from Tripadvisor. Utilize this information to make data-driven investment decisions, identify potential areas for expansion, and assess the feasibility of new ventures.

I. Predictive Analytics: Utilize the dataset to build predictive models that forecast future trends in the travel industry. Anticipate demand fluctuations, understand customer behavior, and make proactive decisions to stay ahead of the competition.

J. Business Intelligence Dashboards: Create interactive and insightful dashboards that visualize key performance metrics from the Tripadvisor dataset. These dashboards can help executives and stakeholders get a quick overview of the hotel's performance and make data-driven decisions.

Incorporating the Tripadvisor dataset into your business processes will enhance your understanding of the travel market, facilitate data-driven decision-making, and provide valuable insights to drive success in the competitive hospitality industry

Data of investigation published in the article: "Using Machine Learning for Web Page Classification in Search Engine Optimization"

Abstract of the article:

This paper presents a novel approach of using machine learning algorithms based on experts’ knowledge to classify web pages into three predefined classes according to the degree of content adjustment to the search engine optimization (SEO) recommendations. In this study, classifiers were built and trained to classify an unknown sample (web page) into one of the three predefined classes and to identify important factors that affect the degree of page adjustment. The data in the training set are manually labeled by domain experts. The experimental results show that machine learning can be used for predicting the degree of adjustment of web pages to the SEO recommendations—classifier accuracy ranges from 54.59% to 69.67%, which is higher than the baseline accuracy of classification of samples in the majority class (48.83%). Practical significance of the proposed approach is in providing the core for building software agents and expert systems to automatically detect web pages, or parts of web pages, that need improvement to comply with the SEO guidelines and, therefore, potentially gain higher rankings by search engines. Also, the results of this study contribute to the field of detecting optimal values of ranking factors that search engines use to rank web pages. Experiments in this paper suggest that important factors to be taken into consideration when preparing a web page are page title, meta description, H1 tag (heading), and body text—which is aligned with the findings of previous research. Another result of this research is a new data set of manually labeled web pages that can be used in further research.

Context

Typically e-commerce datasets are proprietary and consequently hard to find among publicly available data. However, The UCI Machine Learning Repository has made this dataset containing actual transactions from 2010 and 2011. The dataset is maintained on their site, where it can be found by the title "Online Retail".

Content

"This is a transnational data set which contains all the transactions occurring between 01/12/2010 and 09/12/2011 for a UK-based and registered non-store online retail.The company mainly sells unique all-occasion gifts. Many customers of the company are wholesalers."

Acknowledgements

Per the UCI Machine Learning Repository, this data was made available by Dr Daqing Chen, Director: Public Analytics group. chend '@' lsbu.ac.uk, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK.

Image from stocksnap.io.

Inspiration

Analyses for this dataset could include time series, clustering, classification and more.

Phishing URL Content Dataset

Executive Summary

Motivation:
Phishing attacks are one of the most significant cyber threats in today’s digital era, tricking users into divulging sensitive information like passwords, credit card numbers, and personal details. This dataset aims to support research and development of machine learning models that can classify URLs as phishing or benign.

Applications:
- Building robust phishing detection systems.
- Enhancing security measures in email filtering and web browsing.
- Training cybersecurity practitioners in identifying malicious URLs.

The dataset contains diverse features extracted from URL structures, HTML content, and website metadata, enabling deep insights into phishing behavior patterns.

Description of Data

This dataset comprises two types of URLs:
1. Phishing URLs: Malicious URLs designed to deceive users. 2. Benign URLs: Legitimate URLs posing no harm to users.

Key Features:
- URL-based features: Domain, protocol type (HTTP/HTTPS), and IP-based links.
- Content-based features: Link density, iframe presence, external/internal links, and metadata.
- Certificate-based features: SSL/TLS details like validity period and organization.
- WHOIS data: Registration details like creation and expiration dates.

Statistics:
- Total Samples: 800 (400 phishing, 400 benign).
- Features: 22 including URL, domain, link density, and SSL attributes.

Power Analysis

To ensure statistical reliability, a power analysis was conducted to determine the minimum sample size required for binary classification with 22 features. Using a medium effect size (0.15), alpha = 0.05, and power = 0.80, the analysis indicated a minimum sample size of ~325 per class. Our dataset exceeds this requirement with 400 examples per class, ensuring robust model training.

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

Insights from EDA:
- Distribution Plots: Histograms and density plots for numerical features like link density, URL length, and iframe counts. - Bar Plots: Class distribution and protocol usage trends. - Correlation Heatmap: Highlights relationships between numerical features to identify multicollinearity or strong patterns. - Box Plots: For SSL certificate validity and URL lengths, comparing phishing versus benign URLs.

EDA visualizations are provided in the repository.

Link to Publicly Available Data and Code

• Dataset: Phishing URL Dataset
• Code Repository: GitHub - Phishing Detection

The repository contains the Python code used to extract features, conduct EDA, and build the dataset.

Ethics Statement

Phishing detection datasets must balance the need for security research with the risk of misuse. This dataset:
1. Protects User Privacy: No personally identifiable information is included.
2. Promotes Ethical Use: Intended solely for academic and research purposes.
3. Avoids Reinforcement of Bias: Balanced class distribution ensures fairness in training models.

Risks:
- Misuse of the dataset for creating more deceptive phishing attacks.
- Over-reliance on outdated features as phishing tactics evolve.

Researchers are encouraged to pair this dataset with continuous updates and contextual studies of real-world phishing.

Open Source License

This dataset is shared under the MIT License, allowing free use, modification, and distribution for academic and non-commercial purposes. License details can be found here.

Snapshot img

Web Development Market Size 2025-2029

The web development market size is forecast to increase by USD 40.98 billion at a CAGR of 10.4% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing digital transformation across industries and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into web applications. This trend is fueled by the need for businesses to enhance user experience, streamline operations, and gain a competitive edge in the market. Furthermore, the rapid evolution of technologies such as Progressive Web Apps (PWAs), serverless architecture, and the Internet of Things (IoT) is creating new opportunities for innovation and expansion. However, this market is not without challenges. The ever-changing technological landscape requires web developers to continuously update their skills and knowledge. Additionally, ensuring web applications are secure and compliant with data protection regulations is becoming increasingly complex.
Companies seeking to capitalize on market opportunities and navigate challenges effectively should focus on building a team of skilled developers, investing in continuous learning and development, and prioritizing security and compliance in their web development projects. By staying abreast of the latest trends and technologies, and adapting quickly to market shifts, organizations can successfully navigate the dynamic the market and drive business growth.

What will be the Size of the Web Development Market during the forecast period?

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The market continues to evolve at an unprecedented pace, driven by advancements in technology and shifting consumer preferences. Key trends include the adoption of Agile methodologies, DevOps tools, and version control systems for streamlined project management. JavaScript frameworks, such as React and Angular, dominate front-end development, while Magento, Shopify, and WordPress lead in content management and e-commerce. Back-end development sees a rise in Python, PHP, and Ruby on Rails frameworks, enabling faster development and more efficient scalability. Interaction design, user-centered design, and mobile-first design prioritize user experience, while security audits, penetration testing, and disaster recovery solutions ensure website safety.
Marketing automation, email marketing platforms, and CRM systems enhance digital marketing efforts, while social media analytics and Google Analytics provide valuable insights for data-driven decision-making. Progressive enhancement, headless CMS, and cloud migration further expand the market's potential. Overall, the market remains a dynamic, innovative space, with continuous growth fueled by evolving business needs and technological advancements.

How is this Web Development Industry segmented?

The web development industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

End-user

  Retail and e-commerce
  BFSI
  IT and telecom
  Healthcare
  Others


Business Segment

  SMEs
  Large enterprise


Service Type

  Front-End Development
  Back-End Development
  Full-Stack Development
  E-Commerce Development


Deployment Type

  Cloud-Based
  On-Premises


Technology Specificity

  JavaScript
  Python
  PHP
  Ruby


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Spain
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By End-user Insights

The retail and e-commerce segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market is experiencing significant growth due to the digital transformation sweeping various industries. E-commerce and retail sectors lead the market, driven by the increasing preference for online shopping and improved Internet penetration. To cater to this trend, businesses demand user-engaging web applications with smooth navigation, secure payment gateways, and seamless product search and purchase features. Mobile shopping's rise necessitates mobile app development and mobile-optimized websites. Agile development, microservices architecture, and UI/UX design are essential elements in creating engaging and efficient web solutions. Furthermore, AI, machine learning, and data analytics enable data-driven decision making, customer loyalty, and business intelligence.

Web hosting, cloud computing, API integration, and growth hacking are other critical components. Ensuring web accessibility, data security, and e-commerce development is also crucial for businesses in the digital age. Online advertising, email marketing, content strategy, brand building, and data visualization are essential aspects of digital marketing. Serverless computing, u

Example of an interactive table comparing variables collected across subpopulations and data collection events of two birth cohorts for selected domains and subdomains of interest.

Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, for 2020, the 2020 Census provides the official counts of the population and housing units for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns. For 2016 to 2019, the Population Estimates Program provides estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns and intercensal housing unit estimates for the nation, states, and counties..Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Technical Documentation section.Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2016-2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see ACS Technical Documentation). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables..The Hispanic origin and race codes were updated in 2020. For more information on the Hispanic origin and race code changes, please visit the American Community Survey Technical Documentation website..The 2016-2020 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the September 2018 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) delineations of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. In certain instances, the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB delineation lists due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..Estimates of urban and rural populations, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..Explanation of Symbols:- The estimate could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations. For a ratio of medians estimate, one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution.N The estimate or margin of error cannot be displayed because there were an insufficient number of sample cases in the selected geographic area. (X) The estimate or margin of error is not applicable or not available.median- The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example "2,500-")median+ The median falls in the highest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example "250,000+").** The margin of error could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations.*** The margin of error could not be computed because the median falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution.***** A margin of error is not appropriate because the corresponding estimate is controlled to an independent population or housing estimate. Effectively, the corresponding estimate has no sampling error and the margin of error may be treated as zero.