Within the NOAA National Ocean Service (NOS), the NOAA National Geodetic Survey (NGS) has a federal mandate to provide accurate positioning, including heights, to all federal non-military mapping activities in the USA. In 2007, the NGS embarked on the Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) Project, one of the most ambitious projects in the history of the agency. The gravity-based vertical datum resulting from this project is accurate at the 2 cm level where possible for much of the country. Available data include airborne and terrestrial survey information, gravity data, and gravity-based geoids or datums.

Gravity for the Re-definition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) is a project initiated by NOAA's National Geodetic Survey to collect and monitor gravity data suitable for the re-definition of the vertical datum for at least the United States and territories. Airborne gravity data will be collected from 2008-2023, processed, and released periodically in geographic blocks. Each block is comprised of one or more surveys. The data will be available at https://geodesy.noaa.gov/GRAV-D/data_products.shtml in ASCII text format. Some data collection has and will be done in conjunction with partners, such as the US Geological Survey, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bureau of Land Management, and the Naval Research Laboratory.

This dataset has recent, preliminary (not quality-controlled), 6-minute, water level (tide) data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS).

WARNING: These raw data have not been subjected to the National Ocean Service's quality control or quality assurance procedures and do not meet the criteria and standards of official National Ocean Service data. They are released for limited public use as preliminary data to be used only with appropriate caution.

WARNING: * Queries for data MUST include stationID=, datum=, time>=. * Queries for data USUALLY include time<=. * Queries MUST be for less than 30 days worth of data. The default time<= value corresponds to 'now'. * Different stations support different datums. Use ERDDAP's Subset web page to find out which datums a given station supports. * The data source isn't completely reliable. If your request returns no data when you think it should: * Make sure the station you specified supports the datum you specified. * Try revising the request (e.g., a different datum or a different time range). * The list of stations offering this data (or the list of datums) may be incorrect. * Sometimes a station or the entire data service is unavailable. Wait a while and try again.

This dataset has verified (quality-controlled), daily, high low water level (tide) data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). This is a delayed dataset, not a near-real-time dataset.

WARNING: * Queries for data MUST include stationID=, datum=, time>=, and time<=. * Queries MUST be for less than 30 days worth of data. * Different stations support different datums. Use ERDDAP's Subset web page to find out which datums a given station supports. * The data source isn't completely reliable. If your request returns no data when you think it should: * Make sure the station you specified supports the datum you specified. * Try revising the request (e.g., a different datum or a different time range). * The list of stations offering this data (or the list of datums) may be incorrect. * Sometimes a station or the entire data service is unavailable. Wait a while and try again.

View Advanced datum inc import data USA including customs records, shipments, HS codes, suppliers, buyer details & company profile at Seair Exim.

This study is the first comprehensive publication of tidal datums and extreme tides for San Francisco Bay (Bay) since the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) published itsSan Francisco Bay Tidal Stage vs. Frequency Study in 1984 (USACE 1984). The USACE study was groundbreaking at the time of publication, presenting tidal datums and the “100-year tide” elevation for 53 locations around the Bay. The purpose of this study is to update and expand on the USACE study and to present daily and extreme tidal information for more than 900 locations along the Bay shoreline. Tidal datums, described further in Section 2 , are standard elevations defined by a certain phase of the tide (e.g., mean high tide, mean low tide). A tidal datum is used as a reference to measure and define local water levels, and as such is specific to local hydrodynamic processes and is not easily extended from one area to another without substantiating measurements or analysis. Many industries and activities rely on tidal datums, including shipping and navigation, coastal flood management, coastal development, and wetland restoration. Extreme tidal elevations are estimated for less-frequent extreme tides (e.g., 2-year tides to 500-year tides [tides with a 50.0 percent to 0.2 percent annual chance of occurrence, respectively]).

Abstract: The objective is to discuss the notions of datum and analysis when the theory in question is an enunciative one, bearing in mind two central questions: if the several enunciative theories question language through a semantic point of view, aiming at studying what is singular in the speech of each speaker, how can an enunciative study be based on a corpus and, even more, constitute a database? Are enunciative studies not refractory, in a certain way, to the notion of linguistic study based on corpora? In order to answer these two questions, we present the example of a database of language disorders, ENUNSIL (Banco de Dados Enunciação e SIntoma na Linguagem), considering that, if the notion of datum is problematic to enunciative studies, such difficulties augment exponentially when symptomatic speech is at stake.

Accurate interpretation of origination and extinction of fossil species is crucial to answering a variety of questions in paleontology. Fossil datums, the observed age of first or last occurrences, are subject to sampling error as a result of preservation and low abundances near range endpoints. This sampling error can cause local range offset, an age difference between the observed first or last occurrence of a species and its true origination or extinction. Here we develop and test a new technique, the Probable Datum Method (PDM) that can be used to assess the extent of local range offset for nannofossil species. The PDM estimates the original abundance of a taxon and its probable true age of first or last occurrence. The PDM uses a model in which original abundance is related to count abundance through preservation and the counting process. This model is empirically parameterized, including an experimental determination of false positive and error rates of a nannofossil count. ...

Digital Terrain Model (bare earth) of parts of Maui and Molokai. Partial coverage Vexcel, Inc. LIDAR of Maui and Molokai were purchased by County of Maui to assist with three-dimensional modeling of structures in areas of higher development. 1'/px, LIDAR-derived, bare earth DEM/elevation raster of parts of Maui and Molokai – specifically, Central Molokai, Kahului, Kihei, Lahaina and Pukalani. XY units: feet, Z units: meters. Use Limitations: 1.Disclaimer - This dataset is being placed in the public domain. Any use is allowed except for re-sale. Neither Vexcel, Inc., the County of Maui, nor the State of Hawaii make any guarantees, expressed or implied, regarding its accuracy or fitness of use. Users should verify XYZ values through a licensed surveyor for any engineering application. This data should only be used as a guide, vs. a statement of fact regarding real-world conditions. 2.Vertical Datum - The originator of this LIDAR dataset, Vexcel Inc. of Boulder, Colorado referenced Z values to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). NAVD88 is not recognized as a valid vertical reference for the state of Hawaii. Currently Hawaii has no official (de jure or de facto) vertical datum, and NOAA's National Geodetic Survey (NGS) recommends that elevations be referenced to the nearest NOAA tidal gauge. A legacy LIDAR dataset produced in 2013 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) used NAD83(PA11) as its vertical reference. In theory this approach should result in better accuracy for the Z dimension as PA11 is a Pacific plate-centric datum. In comparing flat areas containing neither structures or vegetation, it was found that the Vexcel values sit approximately 4 feet above the USACE dataset. The vertical datum issue was brought to the attention of Vexcel, Inc. Vexcel used the 2013 USACE LIDAR as vertical control to correct their LIDAR data. The (corrected) .las data is shared as it was delivered. As stated above, the use of this data transfers all risks and assumption of responsibility to the user. For more information see https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/gis/data/Maui_2019_DTM.html or contact County of Maui at GISMonitor@co.maui.hi.us or Hawaii Statewide GIS Program at gis@hawaii.gov.

This U.S. Geological Survey data release provides data on spatial variations in tidal datums, tidal range, and nuisance flooding in Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay. Tidal datums are standard elevations that are defined based on average tidal water levels. Datums are used as references to measure local water levels and to delineate regions in coastal environments. Nuisance flooding refers to the sporadic inundation of low-lying coastal areas by the maximum tidal water levels during spring tides, especially perigean spring tides (also known as king tides). Nuisance flooding is independent of storm event flooding, and it represents a cumulative or chronic hazard. The data were obtained by following a consistent methodology and at sufficient spatial resolution to resolve the distinct and complex features of each bay system. Tidal water levels were simulated by using the ADCIRC model system for the entire 2016 year. The year 2016 was chosen because it corresponded with the maximum magn ...

Data consists of conversion factors that can be used to convert between numerous vertical tidal datums and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). The data cover the Eastern Shore of Virginia and parts of southeastern Maryland along with the surrounding coastal waters and are represented as approximately 100m (100.584m) resolution grids. The six included tidal datums are local mean sea level (LMSL), mean tidal level (MTL), mean low water (MLW), mean lower low water (MLLW), mean high water (MHW), and mean higher high water (MHHW). All vertical units are in meters. By combining multiple conversions to and from NAVD88, conversion between the various tidal datums is possible. Two versions of the conversion factor grids are provided for each NAVD88-to-tidal-datum pairing: one that only contains data for areas not masked as nodata by the NOAA VDatum program (original source data) and one that contains both the original and interpolated data (see below for details). Naming conventions used were "cfactor_DDD" for the original VDatum-detrived dataset where "DDD" is the local tidal datum and "cf_nd_DDD" for the dataset that includes interpolated values within the nodata masks (IDW interpolation across masked areas, typically upland regions but also shallow seaside bays and creeks for which no adequate tidal benchmarks were available). By definition, the baseline elevation (sea level or 0.0m elevation) for NAVD88 is referenced to the fixed International Great Lakes Datum of 1985 local mean sea level height value, at Rimouski, Quebec, Canada. Additional tidal bench mark elevations were not used to calculate NAVD88 due to the demonstrated variations in sea surface topography, i.e., the fact that mean sea level is not the same equipotential surface at all tidal benchmarks. The magnitude of the difference between local mean sea level (LMSL) at the tidal benchmarks of the Eastern Shore of Virginia and the NAVD88 defined sea-level varies from 0.039 to 0.149 meters BELOW zero NAVD88. Tidal prisms also vary at each tidal benchmark (in part due to differences in basin configuration and tidal interactions) causing the conversion factors for the other tidal datums to also vary spatially in similar but not identical patterns. The VDatum 3.2 software program from NOAA (http://vdatum.noaa.gov/) was used to convert the x,y,z center points of the 100m gridded data wherein all Z elevations were set equal to zero (0) from NAVD88 to each of the six local tidal datums (the X,Y horizontal WGS84 UTM 18N coordinates remained unchanged). The resulting conversion factors represent the new elevation at which the NAVD88 zero level would lie in reference to the new datum; thus, to convert from NAVD88 and the new tidal datum, one would add this conversion factor to the NAVD88 elevations to get elevations relative to the chosen tidal datum. To convert to NAVD88 from a given tidal datum, one would subtract the conversion factor from the tidal elevation. Data were turned back into gridded data with the same resolution and horizontal extent as the original data grid. The internal data grids used by the VDatum program mask as nodata most land areas (including marshes) plus many of the seaside shallow bays, either in part or in full, for which reliable tidal benchmark data is/was not available. As a result, the program cannot be used in these nodata areas, even if immediately adjacent to data areas. So as to make conversion factors available for these coastal bays and marshes and seaside watersheds of interest to the VCRLTER, conversion factors for gridded regions within the NOAA nodata masks were interpolated from neighboring data values using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) techniques employed by ESRI's ArcGIS 10.1 software. IDW interpolation resulted in conversion factors that varied gradually spatially when adjacent to the NOAA VDatum data grids but that often showed relatively sharp transitions when equidistant between different far-apart basins (such as mid-peninsula between the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean, or within South Bay bounded by data constructed from tidal datums for the Atlantic Ocean (east), Ship Shoal Inlet (south), Sand Shoal Inlet (north), and Magothy Channel (west)). It is suggested that the appropriate use of this data is to convert elevation datasets referenced to a tidal datum to NAVD88 if integrating multiple datasets together over large areas, such as across the full Eastern Shore or across multiple watersheds or coastal bays, so as to not introduce artificial IDW-related transitions into otherwise vertically-consistent upland elevations or basin-scale bathymetric surveys. When converting elevations of fringing upland marshes, the conversion factors (including interpolated values) can likely be used directly on a cell-by-cell level to a... Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/https%3A%2F%2Fpasta.lternet.edu%2Fpackage%2Fmetadata%2Feml%2Fknb-lter-vcr%2F219%2F4 for complete metadata about this dataset.

Non-traditional data signals from social media and employment platforms for FPRAX stock analysis

In surveying, benchmarks represent points of reference for measurement. This layer shows benchmark points for all of Orange County. It includes the northing, easting and elevation for each point. A detailed description on relative location is also included. Orange County Public Works Survey.

This geospatial data set depicts the locations of National Ocean Service water-level stations to determine tidal datum distributions with the Seaside, Oregon, region.

VDatum is a free software tool being developed jointly by NOAA's National Geodetic Survey (NGS), Office of Coast Survey (OCS), and Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). VDatum is designed to vertically transform geospatial data among a variety of tidal, orthometric and ellipsoidal vertical datums -

The High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM) product is derived from airborne LiDAR data (mainly in the south) and satellite images in the north. The complete coverage of the Canadian territory is gradually being established. It includes a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), a Digital Surface Model (DSM) and other derived data. For DTM datasets, derived data available are slope, aspect, shaded relief, color relief and color shaded relief maps and for DSM datasets, derived data available are shaded relief, color relief and color shaded relief maps. The productive forest line is used to separate the northern and the southern parts of the country. This line is approximate and may change based on requirements. In the southern part of the country (south of the productive forest line), DTM and DSM datasets are generated from airborne LiDAR data. They are offered at a 1 m or 2 m resolution and projected to the UTM NAD83 (CSRS) coordinate system and the corresponding zones. The datasets at a 1 m resolution cover an area of 10 km x 10 km while datasets at a 2 m resolution cover an area of 20 km by 20 km. In the northern part of the country (north of the productive forest line), due to the low density of vegetation and infrastructure, only DSM datasets are generally generated. Most of these datasets have optical digital images as their source data. They are generated at a 2 m resolution using the Polar Stereographic North coordinate system referenced to WGS84 horizontal datum or UTM NAD83 (CSRS) coordinate system. Each dataset covers an area of 50 km by 50 km. For some locations in the north, DSM and DTM datasets can also be generated from airborne LiDAR data. In this case, these products will be generated with the same specifications as those generated from airborne LiDAR in the southern part of the country. The HRDEM product is referenced to the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 (CGVD2013), which is now the reference standard for heights across Canada. Source data for HRDEM datasets is acquired through multiple projects with different partners. Since data is being acquired by project, there is no integration or edgematching done between projects. The tiles are aligned within each project. The product High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM) is part of the CanElevation Series created in support to the National Elevation Data Strategy implemented by NRCan. Collaboration is a key factor to the success of the National Elevation Data Strategy. Refer to the “Supporting Document” section to access the list of the different partners including links to their respective data.

Non-traditional data signals from social media and employment platforms for FPIVX stock analysis

The following dataset includes "Active Benchmarks," which are provided to facilitate the identification of City-managed standard benchmarks. Standard benchmarks are for public and private use in establishing a point in space. Note: The benchmarks are referenced to the Chicago City Datum = 0.00, (CCD = 579.88 feet above mean tide New York). The City of Chicago Department of Water Management’s (DWM) Topographic Benchmark is the source of the benchmark information contained in this online database. The information contained in the index card system was compiled by scanning the original cards, then transcribing some of this information to prepare a table and map. Over time, the DWM will contract services to field verify the data and update the index card system and this online database.This dataset was last updated September 2011. Coordinates are estimated. To view map, go to https://data.cityofchicago.org/Buildings/Elevation-Benchmarks-Map/kmt9-pg57 or for PDF map, go to http://cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/depts/water/supp_info/Benchmarks/BMMap.pdf. Please read the Terms of Use: http://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/narr/foia/data_disclaimer.html.

This dataset is about: (Table 3) Datum levels of ODP Holes 119-738B and 119-744B. Please consult parent dataset @ https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.759625 for more information.

This map service contains Cadastral layers for the City of Coquitlam. The City of Coquitlam assumes no responsibility with respect to the accuracy, completeness or appropriateness of the data provided. The user is responsible for obtaining their own independent engineering, technical and other advice with respect to any information included in this data, materials or documents provided. Cadastral data includes plan number, lot number, address, street name, district lot, section, legal subdivision, and some rights of way, covenants and easements. Mapping projection: Universal Transverse Mercator. Horizontal datum: NAD83, Zone 10 North, Central Meridian 123 degrees Vertical datum: Geodetic or the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum 1928 (CGVD28 GVRD) Data accuracy varies from 0.05 to 10 metres.