Load, wind and solar, prices in hourly resolution. This data package contains different kinds of timeseries data relevant for power system modelling, namely electricity prices, electricity consumption (load) as well as wind and solar power generation and capacities. The data is aggregated either by country, control area or bidding zone. Geographical coverage includes the EU and some neighbouring countries. All variables are provided in hourly resolution. Where original data is available in higher resolution (half-hourly or quarter-hourly), it is provided in separate files. This package version only contains data provided by TSOs and power exchanges via ENTSO-E Transparency, covering the period 2015-mid 2020. See previous versions for historical data from a broader range of sources. All data processing is conducted in Python/pandas and has been documented in the Jupyter notebooks linked below.

Production and Consumption - Settlement

Production and consumption based on settlement data.

Data from 2005, but not in all rows:

• Commercial power separated from local power from 2021.
• Solar power divided into the four columns from 2020. Before 2020 all solar power is placed in SolarPowerSelfConMWh.
• Transmission grid loss from 1/10 2008. Zero is actually a null.
• GridLossDistributionMWh and GridLossInterconnectorsMWh from 1/1 2021.
• In some cases, zero should actually be a null.

Hour DK: A date and time (interval), shown in Danish time zone, where the values are valid. 00:00 o’clock is the first hour of a given day, interval 00:00 - 00:59, and 01:00 covers the second hour period (interval) of the day and so forth.

Price area: Same as bidding zone. Denmark is divided in two price areas (bidding zones) divided by the Great Belt. DK1 is west of the Great Belt and DK2 is east of the Great Belt.

Central Power: Electricity production from central thermal power plants.

Local Power: Sum of production from local Combined Heat and Power units (CHP).

CommercialPowerMWh: Commercial power plant not only operates to deliver power to grid, but mainly serve other purposes. This could be waste incineration or any other process, where the electricity production could be considered as a bi-product.

Commercial power self-consumption: Production from commercial power plants, that is not delivered to the grid. Named before commercial power was separated from Local power, therefor the confusing DB name.

Offshore Wind (<100MW) MWh: Production from Offshore wind power plants with an installed capacity under 100 MW.

Offshore Wind (>=100MW) MWh: Production from Offshore wind power plants with an installed capacity greater or equal to 100 MW.

Onshore wind < 50 kW: Production from onshore wind power generators with an installed capacity under 50 kW.

Onshore wind >= 50 kW: Production from onshore wind power generators with an installed capacity greater or equal to 50 kW.

Hydro Power MWh: Production from Hydro power.

Solar power 0-10 kW: Production from solar panels with an installed capacity below 10 kW.

Solar power 10-40 kW: Production from solar panels with an installed capacity between 10 and 40 kW (10 kW included).

Solar power over 40 kW: Production from solar panels with an installed capacity greater than, or equal to 40 kW.

Solar power Self-consumption MWh: The estimated production from solar panels, which has been consumed rather than released to the grid. The value is the difference between the modelled (expected) production and the actual production from solar panels. When the modelled value is smaller than the actual value, the local power self-consumption is set to zero.

Unknown production MWh: Production without technology information.

Exchange of Energy to Norway: Exchange of Energy to Norway. Negative values are Export, positive values are import.

Exchange of Energy to Sweden: Exchange of Energy to Sweden. Negative values are export, positive values are import.

Exchange of Energy to Germany: Exchange of Energy to Germany. Negative values are Export, positive values are import.

Exchange of Energy to the Netherlands: Exchange of Energy to the Netherlands. Negative values are Export, positive values are import.

Exchange of Energy to Great Britain: Exchange of Energy to Great Britain. Negative values are Export, positive values are import.

Exchange of Energy over the Great Belt: Exchange of Energy over the Great Belt connection. Negative values are Export, positive values are import.

Gross consumption: The total Gross consumption including losses in the electricity grid. Calculated as sum of all production including self-consumption plus sum of exchange.

Transmission Grid Loss: Internal Losses in the transmission grid.

Transmission Grid Loss, interconnectors: Grid losses on interconnectors.

Distribution Grid Loss MWh: Losses in the distribution grid.

Power To Heat: Conversion of Electricity to heat, often in district heating systems.

Credit: Energi Data Service https://www.energidataservice.dk/ts-electricity/ProductionConsumptionSettlement

Snapshot img

Electricity Trading Market Size 2025-2029

The electricity trading market size is forecast to increase by USD 123.5 billion at a CAGR of 6.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is witnessing significant growth due to several key trends. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and wind turbines, into the grid is a major driver. Energy storage systems are increasingly being adopted to ensure a stable power supply from these intermittent sources. Concurrently, the adoption of energy storage systems addresses key challenges like intermittency, enabling better integration of renewable sources, and bolstering grid resilience. Self-generation of electricity by consumers through microgrids is also gaining popularity, allowing them to sell excess power back to the grid. The entry of new players and collaborations among existing ones are further fueling market growth. These trends reflect the shift towards clean energy and the need for a more decentralized and efficient electricity system.

What will be the Size of the Electricity Trading Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market, a critical component of the global energy industry, functions as a dynamic interplay between wholesale energy markets and traditional financial markets. As a commodity, electricity is bought and sold through various trading mechanisms, including equities, bonds, and real-time auctions. The market's size and direction are influenced by numerous factors, such as power station generation data, system operator demands, and consumer usage patterns. Participants in the market include power station owners, system operators, consumers, and ancillary service providers. Ancillary services, like frequency regulation and spinning reserves, help maintain grid stability. Market design and news reports shape the market's evolution, with initiatives like the European Green Paper and the Lisbon Strategy influencing the industry's direction towards increased sustainability and competition.
Short-term trading, through power purchase agreements and power distribution contracts, plays a significant role in the market's real-time dynamics. Power generation and power distribution are intricately linked, with the former influencing the availability and price of electricity, and the latter affecting demand patterns. Overall, the market is a complex, ever-evolving system that requires a deep understanding of both energy market fundamentals and financial market dynamics.

How is this Electricity Trading Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Day-ahead trading
  Intraday trading


Application

  Industrial
  Commercial
  Residential


Source

  Non-renewable energy
  Renewable energy


Geography

  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Italy
    Spain


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  North America

    US


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Type Insights

The day-ahead trading segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Day-ahead trading refers to the voluntary, financially binding forward electricity trading that occurs in exchanges such as the European Power Exchange (EPEX Spot) and Energy Exchange Austria (EXAA), as well as through bilateral contracts. This process involves sellers and buyers agreeing on the required volume of electricity for the next day, resulting in a schedule for everyday intervals. However, this schedule is subject to network security constraints and adjustments for real-time conditions and actual electricity supply and demand. Market operators, including ISOs and RTOs, oversee these markets and ensure grid reliability through balancing and ancillary services. Traders, including utilities, energy providers, and professional and institutional traders, participate in these markets to manage price risk, hedge against price volatility, and optimize profitability.

Key factors influencing electricity prices include weather conditions, fuel prices, availability, construction costs, and physical factors. Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, also play a growing role in these markets, with the use of Renewable Energy Certificates and net metering providing consumer protection and incentives for homeowners and sustainable homes. Electricity trading encompasses power generators, power suppliers, consumers, and system operators, with contracts, generation data, and power station dispatch governed by market rules and regulations.

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The day-ahead trading