The average wholesale electricity price in September 2025 in the United Kingdom is forecast to amount to*******British pounds per megawatt-hour, a decrease from the previous month. A record high was reached in August 2022 when day-ahead baseload contracts averaged ***** British pounds per megawatt-hour. Electricity price stabilization in Europe Electricity prices increased in 2024 compared to the previous year, when prices stabilized after the energy supply shortage. Price spikes were driven by the growing wholesale prices of natural gas and coal worldwide, which are among the main sources of power in the region.

… and in the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom was one of the countries with the highest electricity prices worldwide during the energy crisis. Since then, prices have been stabilizing, almost to pre-energy crisis levels. The use of nuclear, wind, and bioenergy for electricity generation has been increasing recently. The fuel types are an alternative to fossil fuels and are part of the country's power generation plans going into the future.

UK Electricity decreased 23.24 GBP/MWh or 22.68% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Electricity Price.

Daily data showing the System Price of electricity, and rolling seven-day average, in Great Britain. These are official statistics in development. Source: Elexon.

Electricity prices in Europe are expected to remain volatile through 2025, with Italy projected to have some of the highest rates among major European economies. This trend reflects the ongoing challenges in the energy sector, including the transition to renewable sources and the impact of geopolitical events on supply chains. Despite efforts to stabilize the market, prices still have not returned to pre-pandemic levels, such as in countries like Italy, where prices are forecast to reach ****** euros per megawatt hour in September 2025. Natural gas futures shaping electricity costs The electricity market's future trajectory is closely tied to natural gas prices, a key component in power generation. Dutch TTF gas futures, a benchmark for European natural gas prices, are projected to be ***** euros per megawatt hour in July 2025. The reduced output from the Groningen gas field and increased reliance on imports further complicate the pricing landscape, potentially contributing to higher electricity costs in countries like Italy. Regional disparities and global market influences While European electricity prices remain high, significant regional differences persist. For instance, natural gas prices in the United States are expected to be roughly one-third of those in Europe by March 2025, at **** U.S. dollars per million British thermal units. This stark contrast highlights the impact of domestic production capabilities on global natural gas prices. Europe's greater reliance on imports, particularly in the aftermath of geopolitical tensions and the shift away from Russian gas, continues to keep prices elevated compared to more self-sufficient markets. As a result, countries like Italy may face sustained pressure on electricity prices due to their position within the broader European energy market. As of August 2025, electricity prices in Italy have decreased to ****** euros per megawatt hour, reflecting ongoing volatility in the market.

UK Gas fell to 72.60 GBp/thm on December 2, 2025, down 1.67% from the previous day. Over the past month, UK Gas's price has fallen 11.75%, and is down 40.33% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. UK Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The average gas price in Great Britain in July 2025 was 79.28 British pence per therm. This was five pence lower than the same month the year prior and follows a trend of increasing gas prices. Energy prices in the UK Energy prices in the UK have been exceptionally volatile throughout the 2020s. Multiple factors, such as a lack of gas storage availability and the large share of gas in heating, have exacerbated the supply issue in the UK that followed the Russia-Ukraine war. This has also led to many smaller suppliers announcing bankruptcy, while an upped price cap threatened the energy security of numerous households. The United Kingdom has some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide. How is gas used in the UK? According to a 2023 survey conducted by the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, 58 percent of respondents used gas as a heating method during the winter months. On average, household expenditure on energy from gas in the UK stood at some 24.9 billion British pounds in 2023, double the amount spent just two years prior.

Wholesale electricity prices in the United Kingdom hit a record-high in 2022, reaching **** British pence per kilowatt-hour that year. Projections indicate that prices are bound to decrease steadily in the next few years, falling under **** pence per kilowatt-hour by 2030.

The price of gas in the United Kingdom was 80.1 British pence per therm in the third quarter of 2025. It is anticipated gas prices will increase to 85.4 pence in the first quarter of 2026 before gradually falling to just under 77.6 pence by the second quarter of of the year. Surging energy costs and the cost of living crisis At the height of the UK's cost of living crisis in 2022, approximately 91 percent of UK households were experiencing rising prices compared with the previous month. It was during 2022 that the UK's CPI inflation rate reached a peak of 11.1 percent, in October of that year. Food and energy, in particular, were the main drivers of inflation during this period, with energy inflation reaching 26.6 percent, and food prices increasing by 18.2 percent at the height of the crisis. Although prices fell to more expected levels by 2024, an uptick in inflation is forecast for 2025, with prices rising by 3.7 percent in the third quarter of the year. Global Inflation Crisis The UK was not alone in suffering rapid inflation during this time period, with several countries across the world experiencing an inflation crisis. The roots of the crisis began as the global economy gradually emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Blocked-up supply chains, struggled to recover as quickly as consumer demand, with food and energy prices also facing upward pressure. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led to Europe gradually weening itself of cheap Russian energy exports, while for several months Ukraine struggled to export crucial food supplies to the rest of the World.

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Electricity Trading Market Size 2025-2029

The electricity trading market size is forecast to increase by USD 123.5 billion at a CAGR of 6.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is witnessing significant growth due to several key trends. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and wind turbines, into the grid is a major driver. Energy storage systems are increasingly being adopted to ensure a stable power supply from these intermittent sources. Concurrently, the adoption of energy storage systems addresses key challenges like intermittency, enabling better integration of renewable sources, and bolstering grid resilience. Self-generation of electricity by consumers through microgrids is also gaining popularity, allowing them to sell excess power back to the grid. The entry of new players and collaborations among existing ones are further fueling market growth. These trends reflect the shift towards clean energy and the need for a more decentralized and efficient electricity system.

What will be the Size of the Electricity Trading Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market, a critical component of the global energy industry, functions as a dynamic interplay between wholesale energy markets and traditional financial markets. As a commodity, electricity is bought and sold through various trading mechanisms, including equities, bonds, and real-time auctions. The market's size and direction are influenced by numerous factors, such as power station generation data, system operator demands, and consumer usage patterns. Participants in the market include power station owners, system operators, consumers, and ancillary service providers. Ancillary services, like frequency regulation and spinning reserves, help maintain grid stability. Market design and news reports shape the market's evolution, with initiatives like the European Green Paper and the Lisbon Strategy influencing the industry's direction towards increased sustainability and competition.
Short-term trading, through power purchase agreements and power distribution contracts, plays a significant role in the market's real-time dynamics. Power generation and power distribution are intricately linked, with the former influencing the availability and price of electricity, and the latter affecting demand patterns. Overall, the market is a complex, ever-evolving system that requires a deep understanding of both energy market fundamentals and financial market dynamics.

How is this Electricity Trading Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Day-ahead trading
  Intraday trading


Application

  Industrial
  Commercial
  Residential


Source

  Non-renewable energy
  Renewable energy


Geography

  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Italy
    Spain


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  North America

    US


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Type Insights

The day-ahead trading segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Day-ahead trading refers to the voluntary, financially binding forward electricity trading that occurs in exchanges such as the European Power Exchange (EPEX Spot) and Energy Exchange Austria (EXAA), as well as through bilateral contracts. This process involves sellers and buyers agreeing on the required volume of electricity for the next day, resulting in a schedule for everyday intervals. However, this schedule is subject to network security constraints and adjustments for real-time conditions and actual electricity supply and demand. Market operators, including ISOs and RTOs, oversee these markets and ensure grid reliability through balancing and ancillary services. Traders, including utilities, energy providers, and professional and institutional traders, participate in these markets to manage price risk, hedge against price volatility, and optimize profitability.

Key factors influencing electricity prices include weather conditions, fuel prices, availability, construction costs, and physical factors. Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, also play a growing role in these markets, with the use of Renewable Energy Certificates and net metering providing consumer protection and incentives for homeowners and sustainable homes. Electricity trading encompasses power generators, power suppliers, consumers, and system operators, with contracts, generation data, and power station dispatch governed by market rules and regulations.

Get a glance at the Electricity Trading Industry report of share of various segments Request Free Sample

The day-ahead trading

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Energy consumption readings for a sample of 5,567 London Households that took part in the UK Power Networks led Low Carbon London project between November 2011 and February 2014.

Readings were taken at half hourly intervals. Households have been allocated to a CACI Acorn group (2010). The customers in the trial were recruited as a balanced sample representative of the Greater London population.

The dataset contains energy consumption, in kWh (per half hour), unique household identifier, date and time, and CACI Acorn group. The CSV file is around 10GB when unzipped and contains around 167million rows.

Within the data set are two groups of customers. The first is a sub-group, of approximately 1100 customers, who were subjected to Dynamic Time of Use (dToU) energy prices throughout the 2013 calendar year period. The tariff prices were given a day ahead via the Smart Meter IHD (In Home Display) or text message to mobile phone. Customers were issued High (67.20p/kWh), Low (3.99p/kWh) or normal (11.76p/kWh) price signals and the times of day these applied. The dates/times and the price signal schedule is availaible as part of this dataset. All non-Time of Use customers were on a flat rate tariff of 14.228pence/kWh.

The signals given were designed to be representative of the types of signal that may be used in the future to manage both high renewable generation (supply following) operation and also test the potential to use high price signals to reduce stress on local distribution grids during periods of stress.

The remaining sample of approximately 4500 customers energy consumption readings were not subject to the dToU tariff.

More information can be found on the Low Carbon London webpage

Some analysis of this data can be seen here.

Spain Electricity decreased 65.44 EUR/MWh or 48.17% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Spain Electricity Price.

Context
In the Great Britain market, you can also trade without an asset such as a power plant, renewables or batteries. Therefore, it can be differentiated between physical trades – backed by an asset – and solely financial non-physical trades on the markets without actually providing or receiving energy.

This dataset can be used in building forecast models, optimisation models and in developing first trading strategies for both physical and non-physical energy trading.

A primer: Using this dataset, one can have a closer look into two auctions of the day-ahead electricity market in Great Britain and develop as well as backtest a trading strategy maximising profits between both auctions.

Content -  a csv-file (“auction_data.csv”) containing actual prices and traded volumes of both auctions as well as a price forecast for the first auction -  a csv-file (“forecast_inputs.csv”) with input variables that can be used to forecast the prices of the second auction (you can find a more detailed description of the input variables in a separate txt-file – “description_input_variables.txt”) -  a csv-file (“system_prices.csv”) with the forecasted price range of the system prices as well as the actual prices

Introduction This dataset reports on UK Power Networks' use of paid flexibility services. UK Power Networks uses flexibility (demand/generation turn up/down) in London, the South East, and the East of England to manage electricity flows on the local electricity distribution network. Flexibility dispatches data can be used to understand historical volumes, prices paid, geographic locations, providers, and technologies used. Using the Analyse tab, users can visualize and explore the growth of flexibility dispatches. These transparent insights can inform current and prospective flexibility services providers on how often flexibility is dispatched and at what price, including local authorities, electricity suppliers, industrial/commercial energy users, and generation operators. The data can also be used by wider stakeholders such as market analysts, advisers, regulators, and policymakers. A wide variety of energy resources and low carbon technologies already provide flexibility services to UK Power Networks, including grid-scale batteries, electric vehicle charge points, solar farms, wind farms, and residential energy users. These are grouped using the industry standard technology categorizations as used for regulatory reporting. To find out more about how to participate in flexibility tenders and become a flexibility provider, visit our webpage: Flexibility - UKPN DSO (ukpowernetworks.co.uk). Flexibility dispatches are currently reported from 1 April 2023, with new dispatches added monthly. Each row includes the timing, location, product, capacity, technology, and provider for our growing volume of flexibility dispatches. The data is assessed for errors using algorithmic quality control as well as being evaluated manually by a flexibility engineer before publication. The dataset can be downloaded or incorporated into the user’s interface via API. Requested volumes may not match delivered volumes, depending on performance against the relevant baseline. You can find actual dispatch data in the yearly Procurement Statements and Reports at Tender Hub - UKPN DSO (ukpowernetworks.co.uk). This includes our annual Flexibility Statement (forecasts for the next regulatory year), Flexibility Report (outcomes from last regulatory year), and data appendices.

Methodological Approach

Dispatches are made by a control engineer in the DSO Operations team to manage local constraints. Dispatches of flexible units (FUs) may be made either by API or email, depending on the FU's technological capabilities and preference. This dataset reports on dispatches made under Secure, Dynamic, and Day-Ahead products. Flexibility provided through our Sustain product is not dispatched and hence is not included within this dataset. Requested volumes may not match delivered volumes, depending on performance against the relevant baseline. Historic data may be updated from time to time where data errors are identified.

Quality Control Statement Dispatches are passed through a quality control algorithm to flag anomalies and erroneous data. Quality control checks include:

Times are consistent with the contracted service window; Dispatches are matched to the correct flexibility zone; Dispatches are unique (no duplicates); Dispatches are issued at the contracted price and volume; Dispatches are matched with an active contract.

Assurance Statement The flexibility dispatch report is reviewed by a flexibility engineer and a member of the Data Science team to ensure the data is accurate before publication on the Open Data Portal. Any data errors in previous reports are corrected on an ongoing basis and updated monthly.

Other Download dataset information: Metadata (JSON) Definitions of key terms related to this dataset can be found in the Open Data Portal Glossary: Open Data Portal GlossaryTo view this data please register and login.

As an energy-intensive industry, the steel industry grapples with increasing energy costs and decarbonisation pressures. Therefore, multi-objective optimisation is widely applied in the production scheduling of the steelmaking plant. However, the optimal solution prioritising energy savings and emission reductions may lead to impractical or less economically efficient solutions since the processing time requirement (PTR) of steel production orders in real-world production is neglected. A research titled "Multi-objective scheduling of a steelmaking plant integrated with renewable energy sources and energy storage systems: Balancing costs, emissions and make-span" has been published on Journal of Cleaner Production regarding this topic. This study fills the research gap by discussing the impact of PTR on the make-span of the steelmaking process and incorporating it into the optimisation model. Considering the variability of PTR, solving the multi-objective scheduling problem is transformed into the selection from Pareto solutions with different make-spans. To better leverage the temporal flexibility of the steelmaking process, a what-if-analysis-based strategy coupled with the Normal Boundary Intersection method is proposed to generate a series of evenly distributed Pareto solutions. The energy storage system is integrated to improve the time granularity of the steelmaking plant's flexibility.In case studies of the paper, cases were conducted to demonstrate the proposed method for reducing electricity and emission costs. The input dataset, such as the day-ahead electricity price profile, RES generation, and carbon intensity profile, has been provided for researchers to reproduce the results in the paper or to conduct further related studies. Also, the original numerical data of the results in the case studies of the paper have been provided for researchers to better understand the results or to use the results for other purposes.The whole dataset includes 9 CSV files in total. The detailed description of them is presented as follows:1. "Price_day_ahead.csv" provides a day-ahead hourly electricity price.2. "RES_generation.csv" provides a day-ahead forecast of hourly RES generation, such as PV and wind generation; the unit is MW. 3. "Carbon_Intensity_Data.csv" provides forcast carbon intensity data in the South Wales area. The unit is tCO2/MWh.4. "Numerical results_ NBI_11P_BESS.csv" provides the numerical results of Section 5.2.1. It provides the data related to the MO-FlexSP + BESS optimal solutions in Fig. 10. The 'makespan' column corresponds to the value on the abscissa, and the 'EL_EM_Cost' column corresponds to the value on the ordinate. There are 11 optimal points in this case.5. "Numerical results_ NBI_11P_woBESS.csv" provides the numerical results of Section 5.2.1. It provides the data related to the MO-FlexSP optimal solutions in Fig. 10. The 'makespan' column corresponds to the value on the x-axis, and the 'EL_EM_Cost' column corresponds to the value on the y-axis.There are 11 optimal points in this case.6. "Numerical results_ WS_11p_woBESS.csv" provides the numerical results of Section 5.2.2. It provides the data related to the MO-FlexSP optimal solutions using weighted sum method in Fig. 11. The 'makespan' column corresponds to the value on the x-axis, and the 'EL_EM_Cost' column corresponds to the value on the y-axis.There are 11 optimal points in this case.7. "Numerical results_ NBI_21p_woBESS.csv" provides the numerical results of Section 5.2.2. It provides the data related to the MO-FlexSP optimal solutions in Fig. 12. The 'makespan' column corresponds to the value on the x-axis, and the 'EL_EM_Cost' column corresponds to the value on the y-axis.There are 21 optimal points in this case.8. "Numerical results_ WS_21p_woBESS.csv" provides the numerical results of Section 5.2.2. It provides the data related to the MO-FlexSP optimal solutions using the weighted sum method in Fig. 12. The 'makespan' column corresponds to the value on the x-axis, and the 'EL_EM_Cost' column corresponds to the value on the y-axis.There are 21 optimal points in this case.9. "Numerical results_ emission sensitivity.csv" provides the numerical results of Section 5.2.3. It provides the data related to the Min EL-EM case in Fig. 14, which shows the sensitivity of indirect emissions to carbon tax.Some schematic diagrams in this paper are also provided as follows:1. "Industrial information management system.pdf" provides the role of the proposed model in current industrial information management systems.2. "Steelmaking Process.pdf" describes the typical steelmaking process, which consists of four stages: electric arc furnace (EAF), argon oxygen decarburisation (AOD), ladle furnace (LF), and continuous casting (CC).Research results based upon these data are published at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139350

TTF Gas fell to 27.92 EUR/MWh on December 3, 2025, down 0.17% from the previous day. Over the past month, TTF Gas's price has fallen 14.22%, and is down 40.94% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. EU Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The National Balancing Point (NBP), the UK's natural gas benchmark, amounted to 78.76 British pence per therm on October 27, 2025, for contracts with delivery in November. Prices are generally higher in the winter months due to greater gas heating demand, especially in weeks of colder weather. The UK NBP, along with the Dutch TTF, serve as benchmarks for natural gas prices in Europe. Impact on consumer prices and household expenditure post-2022 Fluctuations in wholesale natural gas prices often have immediate impacts on UK consumers. In 2024, the consumer price index for gas in the UK rose to 146.2 index points, using 2015 as the base year. This increase has translated into higher household expenditure on gas, which reached approximately 18.71 billion British pounds in 2024. This figure represents a 40 percent increase from 2021, highlighting the growing financial burden on UK households. Consumption patterns and supply challenges The residential and commercial sectors remain the largest consumers of natural gas in the UK, using an estimated 42 billion cubic meters in 2024. This was followed by the power sector, which consumed about 13 billion cubic meters. The UK's reliance on gas imports has grown due to declining domestic production. This shift has led to an increased dependence on liquefied natural gas imports and pipeline inflows to meet demand.