The files linked to this reference are the geospatial data created as part of the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Current format is ArcGIS file geodatabase but older formats may exist as shapefiles. The project team also developed a spatial vegetation map database representing CACH, with three different map-class schemas: base, group, and management map classes. The base map classes represented the finest level of spatial detail. Photointerpreters delineated initial polygons through manual interpretation of 2003/2004 1:12,000-scale true color aerial photography supplemented by occasional computer screen digitizing on a mosaic of digitized aerial photos. These polygons were labeled with base map classes during photointerpretation. Field visits verified interpretation concepts. The vegetation map database includes, 53 base map classes, which consist of associations and park specials classified with the quantitative analysis, additional associations noted during photointerpretation, non-vegetated land cover, such as infrastructure, land use, and geological land cover. The base map classes consist of 4,718 polygons in the project area. A field-based accuracy assessment of the base map classes showed the overall accuracy to be 50.8% The group map classes represent aggregations of the base map classes, approximating the group level of the National Vegetation Classification Standard, Version 2 (Federal Geographic Data Committee 2008). Terrestrial ecological systems, as described by NatureServe (Comer et al. 2003), were used as a first approximation of the group level. The project team identified 16 group map classes in this project. The overall accuracy of the group map classes was determined using the same accuracy assessment data as for the base map classes. The overall accuracy of the group representation of vegetation was 79.9%.

These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of MIDDLE ISLAND, DE . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartographic Object Attribute So...

The Digital Geologic-GIS Map of Canyon de Chelly National Monument and Vicinity, Arizona and New Mexico is composed of GIS data layers and GIS tables, and is available in the following GRI-supported GIS data formats: 1.) a 10.1 file geodatabase (cach_geology.gdb), a 2.) Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) geopackage, and 3.) 2.2 KMZ/KML file for use in Google Earth, however, this format version of the map is limited in data layers presented and in access to GRI ancillary table information. The file geodatabase format is supported with a 1.) ArcGIS Pro map file (.mapx) file (cach_geology.mapx) and individual Pro layer (.lyrx) files (for each GIS data layer), as well as with a 2.) 10.1 ArcMap (.mxd) map document (cach_geology.mxd) and individual 10.1 layer (.lyr) files (for each GIS data layer). The OGC geopackage is supported with a QGIS project (.qgz) file. Upon request, the GIS data is also available in ESRI 10.1 shapefile format. Contact Stephanie O'Meara (see contact information below) to acquire the GIS data in these GIS data formats. In addition to the GIS data and supporting GIS files, three additional files comprise a GRI digital geologic-GIS dataset or map: 1.) A GIS readme file (cach_geology_gis_readme.pdf), 2.) the GRI ancillary map information document (.pdf) file (cach_geology.pdf) which contains geologic unit descriptions, as well as other ancillary map information and graphics from the source map(s) used by the GRI in the production of the GRI digital geologic-GIS data for the park, and 3.) a user-friendly FAQ PDF version of the metadata (cach_geology_metadata_faq.pdf). Please read the cach_geology_gis_readme.pdf for information pertaining to the proper extraction of the GIS data and other map files. Google Earth software is available for free at: https://www.google.com/earth/versions/. QGIS software is available for free at: https://www.qgis.org/en/site/. Users are encouraged to only use the Google Earth data for basic visualization, and to use the GIS data for any type of data analysis or investigation. The data were completed as a component of the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) program, a National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Division funded program that is administered by the NPS Geologic Resources Division (GRD). For a complete listing of GRI products visit the GRI publications webpage: For a complete listing of GRI products visit the GRI publications webpage: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/geologic-resources-inventory-products.htm. For more information about the Geologic Resources Inventory Program visit the GRI webpage: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/gri,htm. At the bottom of that webpage is a "Contact Us" link if you need additional information. You may also directly contact the program coordinator, Jason Kenworthy (jason_kenworthy@nps.gov). Source geologic maps and data used to complete this GRI digital dataset were provided by the following: U.S. Geological Survey. Detailed information concerning the sources used and their contribution the GRI product are listed in the Source Citation section(s) of this metadata record (cach_geology_metadata.txt or cach_geology_metadata_faq.pdf). Users of this data are cautioned about the locational accuracy of features within this dataset. Based on the source map scale of 1:250,000 and United States National Map Accuracy Standards features are within (horizontally) 127 meters or 416.7 feet of their actual location as presented by this dataset. Users of this data should thus not assume the location of features is exactly where they are portrayed in Google Earth, ArcGIS, QGIS or other software used to display this dataset. All GIS and ancillary tables were produced as per the NPS GRI Geology-GIS Geodatabase Data Model v. 2.3. (available at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/gri-geodatabase-model.htm).

As part of THEIA (the French Data and Services center for continental surfaces) CIRAD's TETIS research unit is developing an automated mapping method based on the Moringa chain that minimizes interactions with users by automating most image analysis and processing. The methodology uses jointly a Very High Spatial Resolution image (Spot6/7 or Pleiades) and one or more time series of High Spatial Resolution optical images such as Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 for a classification combining segmentation and object classification (use of the Random Forest algorithm) driven by a learning database constituted from in situ collection and photo-interpretation. The land use maps are produced as part of the GABIR project (Gestion Agricole des Biomasses à l'échelle de l'Ile de la Réunion) and are all distributed on CIRAD's spatial data catalogue in Réunion: http://aware.cirad.fr/ This Dataverse entry concerns the maps produced, for the year 2017, using a mosaic of Pleiades images to calculate segmentation (extraction of homogeneous objects from the image). We use a field database with a nested nomenclature with 3 levels of accuracy allowing us to produce a classification by level. The most detailed level distinguishing crop types has an overall accuracy of 86% and a Kappa index of 0.85. Level 2, distinguishing crop groups, has an overall accuracy of 92% and a Kappa index of 0.90. Level 1, distinguishing major land use groups, has an overall accuracy of 97% and a Kappa index of 0.94. A detailed sheet presenting the validation method and results is available for download. Dans le cadre du Centre d’Expertise Scientifique Occupation des Sols de THEIA, l’UMR TETIS du CIRAD développe une méthode de cartographie automatisée fondée sur la chaine Moringa qui minimise les interactions avec les utilisateurs par l’automatisation de la plupart des processus d’analyse et de traitement des images. La méthodologie utilise conjointement une image à Très Haute Résolution Spatiale (Spot6/7 ou Pléiades) et une ou plusieurs séries temporelles d’images optiques à Haute Résolution Spatiale type Sentinel-2 et Landsat-8 pour une classification combinant segmentation et classification objet (utilisation de l’algorithme Random Forest) entrainée par une base de données d’apprentissage constituée à partir de collecte in situ et de photo-interprétation. Les cartes d'occupation du sol sont réalisées dans le cadre du projet GABIR (Gestion Agricole des Biomasses à l’échelle de l'Ile de la Réunion) et sont toutes diffusées sur le catalogue de données spatiales du Cirad à la Réunion : http://aware.cirad.fr/ Cette fiche du Dataverse concerne les cartes produites, pour l'année 2017, en utilisant une mosaïque d'images Pléiades pour calculer la segmentation (extraction d'objets homogènes à partir de l'image). Nous utilisons une base de données terrain ayant une nomenclature emboitée avec 3 niveaux de précision nous permettant de produire une classification par niveau. Le niveau le plus détaillé distinguant les types de cultures présente une précision globale de 86% et un indice de Kappa est de 0,85. Le niveau 2, distinguant les groupes de cultures présente une précision globale de 92% et un indice de Kappa est de 0,90. Le niveau 1, distinguant les grands groupes d'occupation du sol présente une précision globale de 97% et un indice de Kappa est de 0,94. Une fiche détaillée présentant la méthode et les résultats de validation est téléchargeable.

The files linked to this reference are the geospatial data created as part of the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Current format is ArcGIS file geodatabase but older formats may exist as shapefiles. The De Soto National Memorial vegetation map was made in UTM, NAD 83, zone 17N coordinates with a minimum mapping unit of 400m2. Aerial imagery from January 2007 and LIDAR imagery from 2003 were used for initial polygon development. These polygons were further refined with field data from December 2007 and June 2009. The final vegetation map has a total of 21 mapping classes and 56 polygons.

The dataset contains maps of the main classes of agricultural land use (dominant crop types and other land use types) in Germany, which are produced annually at the Thünen Institute beginning with the year 2017 on the basis of satellite data. The maps cover the entire open landscape, i.e., the agriculturally used area (UAA) and e.g., uncultivated areas. The map was derived from time series of Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Landsat 8 and additional environmental data. Map production is based on the methods described in Blickensdörfer et al. (2022).

All optical satellite data were managed, pre-processed and structured in an analysis-ready data (ARD) cube using the open-source software FORCE - Framework for Operational Radiometric Correction for Environmental monitoring (Frantz, D., 2019), in which SAR and environmental data were integrated.

The map extent covers all areas in Germany that are defined in the respective year as cropland, grassland, small woody features, heathland, peatland or unvegetated areas according to ATKIS Basis-DLM (Geobasisdaten: © GeoBasis-DE / BKG, 2020).

Version v201:
Post-processing of the maps included a sieve filter as well as a ruleset for the reduction of non-plausible areas using the Basis-DLM and the digital terrain model of Germany (Geobasisdaten: © GeoBasis-DE / BKG, 2015).

The maps are available as cloud optimized GeoTiffs, which makes downloading the full dataset optional. All data can directly be accessed in QGIS, R, Python or any supported software of your choice using the provided URL to the datasets (right click on the respective data set --> “copy link address”). By doing so the entire map area or only the regions of interest can be accessed. QGIS legend files for data visualization can be downloaded separately.

Class-specific accuracies for each year are proveded in the respective tables. We provide this dataset "as is" without any warranty regarding the accuracy or completeness and exclude all liability.

References:

Blickensdörfer, L., Schwieder, M., Pflugmacher, D., Nendel, C., Erasmi, S., & Hostert, P. (2022). Mapping of crop types and crop sequences with combined time series of Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 data for Germany. Remote Sensing of Environment, 269, 112831.

BKG, Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (2015). Digitales Geländemodell Gitterweite 10 m. DGM10. https://sg.geodatenzentrum.de/web_public/gdz/dokumentation/deu/dgm10.pdf (last accessed: 28. April 2022).

BKG, Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (2020). Digitales Basis-Landschaftsmodell.
https://sg.geodatenzentrum.de/web_public/gdz/dokumentation/deu/basis-dlm.pdf (last accessed: 28. April 2022).

Frantz, D. (2019). FORCE—Landsat + Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data and Beyond. Remote Sensing, 11, 1124.

Statistisches Bundesamt, Deutschland (2024). Ökosystematlas Deutschland
https://oekosystematlas-ugr.destatis.de/ (last accessed: 08.02.2024).

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National-scale crop type maps for Germany from combined time series of Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat data (2017 to 2021) © 2024 by Schwieder, Marcel; Tetteh, Gideon Okpoti; Blickensdörfer, Lukas; Gocht, Alexander; Erasmi, Stefan; licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Funding was provided by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture as part of the joint project “Monitoring der biologischen Vielfalt in Agrarlandschaften” (MonViA, Monitoring of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes).

The study was financially supported by the European Environment Agency and the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 101060423 (LAMASUS).

These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of ICW, Daytona Beach to Ponce de Leon Inlet, FL . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cart...

The dataset is land use land cover maps on bowé in Benin.

Work in progress: data might be changed

The data set contains the locations of public roadside parking spaces in the northeastern part of Hanover Linden-Nord. As a sample data set, it explicitly does not provide a complete, accurate or correct representation of the conditions! It was collected and processed as part of the 5GAPS research project on September 22nd and October 6th 2022 as a basis for further analysis and in particular as input for simulation studies.

Vehicle Detections

Based on the mapping methodology of Bock et al. (2015) and processing of Leichter et al. (2021), the utilization was determined using vehicle detections in segmented 3D point clouds. The corresponding point clouds were collected by driving over the area on two half-days using a LiDAR mobile mapping system, resulting in several hours between observations. Accordingly, these are only a few sample observations. The trips are made in such a way that combined they cover a synthetic day from about 8-20 clock.

The collected point clouds were georeferenced, processed, and automatically segmented semantically (see Leichter et al., 2021). To automatically extract cars, those points with car labels were clustered by observation epoch and bounding boxes were estimated for the clusters as a representation of car instances. The boxes serve both to filter out unrealistically small and large objects, and to rudimentarily complete the vehicle footprint that may not be fully captured from all sides.

https://data.uni-hannover.de/dataset/0945cd36-6797-44ac-a6bd-b7311f0f96bc/resource/807618b6-5c38-4456-88a1-cb47500081ff/download/detection_map.png" alt="Overview map of detected vehicles" title="Overview map of detected vehicles"> Figure 1: Overview map of detected vehicles

Parking Areas

The public parking areas were digitized manually using aerial images and the detected vehicles in order to exclude irregular parking spaces as far as possible. They were also tagged as to whether they were aligned parallel to the road and assigned to a use at the time of recording, as some are used for construction sites or outdoor catering, for example. Depending on the intended use, they can be filtered individually.

https://data.uni-hannover.de/dataset/0945cd36-6797-44ac-a6bd-b7311f0f96bc/resource/16b14c61-d1d6-4eda-891d-176bdd787bf5/download/parking_area_example.png" alt="Example parking area occupation pattern" title="Visualization of example parking areas on top of an aerial image [by LGLN]"> Figure 2: Visualization of example parking areas on top of an aerial image [by LGLN]

Parking Occupancy

For modelling the parking occupancy, single slots are sampled as center points every 5 m from the parking areas. In this way, they can be integrated into a street/routing graph, for example, as prepared in Wage et al. (2023). Own representations can be generated from the parking area and vehicle detections. Those parking points were intersected with the vehicle boxes to identify occupancy at the respective epochs.

https://data.uni-hannover.de/dataset/0945cd36-6797-44ac-a6bd-b7311f0f96bc/resource/ca0b97c8-2542-479e-83d7-74adb2fc47c0/download/datenpub-bays.png" alt="Overview map of parking slots' average load" title="Overview map of parking slots' average load"> Figure 3: Overview map of average parking lot load

However, unoccupied spaces cannot be determined quite as trivially the other way around, since no detected vehicle can result just as from no measurement/observation. Therefore, a parking space is only recorded as unoccupied if a vehicle was detected at the same time in the neighborhood on the same parking lane and therefore it can be assumed that there is a measurement.

To close temporal gaps, interpolations were made by hour for each parking slot, assuming that between two consecutive observations with an occupancy the space was also occupied in between - or if both times free also free in between. If there was a change, this is indicated by a proportional value. To close spatial gaps, unobserved spaces in the area are drawn randomly from the ten closest occupation patterns around.

This results in an exemplary occupancy pattern of a synthetic day. Depending on the application, the value could be interpreted as occupancy probability or occupancy share.

https://data.uni-hannover.de/dataset/0945cd36-6797-44ac-a6bd-b7311f0f96bc/resource/184a1f75-79ab-4d0e-bb1b-8ed170678280/download/occupation_example.png" alt="Example parking area occupation pattern" title="Example parking area occupation pattern"> Figure 4: Example parking area occupation pattern

References

• F. Bock, D. Eggert and M. Sester (2015): On-street Parking Statistics Using LiDAR Mobile Mapping, 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Gran Canaria, Spain, 2015, pp. 2812-2818. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.452
• A. Leichter, U. Feuerhake, and M. Sester (2021): Determination of Parking Space and its Concurrent Usage Over Time Using Semantically Segmented Mobile Mapping Data, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B2-2021, 185–192. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2021-185-2021
• O. Wage, M. Heumann, and L. Bienzeisler (2023): Modeling and Calibration of Last-Mile Logistics to Study Smart-City Dynamic Space Management Scenarios. In 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Sustainable Mobility (SuMob ’23), November 13, 2023, Hamburg, Germany. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 4 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3615899.3627930

Since 1987, the University of Delaware has prepared GIS-based Water Resource Protection Area (WRPA) mapping for New Castle County that serves to protect the quality and quantity of ground and surface water supplies as part of the Unified Development Code (UDC). The WRPA program is enabled under Section 10 (Environmental Standards) of the UDC for New Castle County. The intent of the ordinances is to protect the quality and quantity of surface water and groundwater supplies through the protection of environmentally sensitive areas important to the state’s water supply. Under the UDC, all development within recharge, wellhead, Cockeysville formation, and reservoir water resource protection areas are required to meet maximum impervious cover thresholds (20–50%) and may require groundwater recharge facilities, water monitoring, and water management facilities. Presently, over 20 percent of New Castle County’s land area is protected by the WRPA provisions of the UDC. UDWRC's 2022 GIS based mapping updates represent the sixth revision to the maps. These maps depict several data layers that represent the four main WRPA categories in New Castle County, Delaware–Cockeysville Formation, Wellhead WRPA, Surface Water WRPA, and Recharge WRPA. The maps serve as a guide for development and assist decision-making in New Castle County, Delaware. The WRPA data will soon be available for download at Delaware FirstMap and PDF versions of the maps are available on the UDWRC website.

This reference contains the imagery data used in the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Orthophotos, raw imagery, and scanned aerial photos are common files held here. Imagery used to delineate vegetation polygons included aerial photography as well as LIDAR data. The aerial image was collected in January 2007 by EarthData International for the Manatee County Government. This is true color imagery with a 0.31 m pixel size and a verified horizontal accuracy of 2.3 m at the 95% confidence interval. The LIDAR data was collected in 2003 as part of the Windstorm Simulation Modeling Project under a contract between the International Hurricane Research Center at Florida International University and Manatee County. LIDAR data consisted of digital elevation models (DEMs) for both bare earth and first return with a 1.5 m spatial resolution

Toponymy layer of the transport theme of the Urban Topographic Cartography 1:1.000.Map of geometric entities of type "ArcGIS annotation"Formed by aggregation of the texts of the transport network that are collected in the map sheets that make up the Urban Topographic Cartography 1:1.000 series.

These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of Farallon de Medinilla, MP . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartographic Object Attr...

This map contains two layers of data pertaining to the State of Delaware Coastal Zone Act (CZA).The “Coastal Zone” layer is the boundary of the regulated area under the State CZA.The “Coastal Zone Facilities” layer are heavy industry facilities that were existing in Delaware’s Coastal Zone prior to the establishment of the CZA.Learn more about the CZA: https://de.gov/czaDelaware also operates under the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA), which defines the coastal zone management area as the entire State of Delaware. A federal consistency review may be necessary under CZMA if a project is or requires a federal action. Learn more about the CZMA: https://de.gov/fedcon

These data provide an accurate high-resolution shoreline compiled from imagery of Sinepuxent Bay to Cape Henlopen, MD-DE . This vector shoreline data is based on an office interpretation of imagery that may be suitable as a geographic information system (GIS) data layer. This metadata describes information for both the line and point shapefiles. The NGS attribution scheme 'Coastal Cartographic Object Attribute Source Table (C-COAST)' was developed to conform the attribution of various sources of shoreline data into one attribution catalog. C-COAST is not a recognized standard, but was influenced by the International Hydrographic Organization's S-57 Object-Attribute standard so the data would be more accurately translated into S-57. This resource is a member of https://inport.nmfs.noaa.gov/inport/item/39808

This product provides large scale mapping (i.e. 1:1 000 to 1:5 000) of Canada Lands located in Quebec. It contains topographic information including utilities, land cover, occupational limits and administrative boundaries, contours, hydrography, building and transportation features. The mapping information is derived from high resolution aerial photography or large scale aerial photographs. The data is available in both DGN and DXF formats.

The Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project, Version 1 (GRUMPv1): Land and Geographic Unit Area Grids measure land areas in square kilometers and the mean Unit size (population-weighted) in square kilometers. The land area grid permits the summation of areas (net of permanent ice and water) at the same resolution as the population density, count, and urban-rural grids. The mean Unit size grids provide a quantitative surface that indicates the size of the input Unit(s) from which population count and density grids are derived. Additional global grids are created from the 30 arc-second grid at 1/4, 1/2, and 1 degree resolutions. This data set is produced by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) in collaboration with the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), The World Bank, and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT).

Soil Taxonomic Units in the map legend are named with the following convention: the four first letters abbreviate the taxon up to Subgroup level, a number differentiate among similar Subgroups, and the last two characters are linked to a lithostratigraphic unit. If defined, series are shown between brackets (Information source: Gómez-Miguel et al. 2015). {"references": ["G\u00f3mez-Miguel V, Sot\u00e9s V (2015) Zonificaci\u00f3n del Terroir: Estudio de Suelos y Ordenaci\u00f3n del Cultivo de la Vid en la DO Campo de Borja (Zaragoza). Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid"]}

This is a map that combines several map services for general reference in the Arctic region.Map projection: WGS84 Arctic Polar Stereographic; standard parallel of 71 degrees; EPSG:3995; outer edge at 50 degrees north.

Representation of the contours of the 116 soil mapping units (also known as UCS or pedestal landscapes) of the Côtes d’Armor. Each UCS, consisting of one or more polygons, is defined as a portion of landscape in which the factors of soil genesis (parental material, morphology, climate, soil occupancy) are homogeneous. This layer of information is part of the Regional Soedological Reference (1/250 000)