Between the beginning of January 2020 and June 14, 2023, of the 1,134,641 deaths caused by COVID-19 in the United States, around 307,169 had occurred among those aged 85 years and older. This statistic shows the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths in the U.S. from January 2020 to June 2023, by age.

The spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) in Italy has hit every age group uniformly and claimed over 190 thousand lives since it entered the country. As the chart shows, however, mortality rate appeared to be much higher for the elderly patient. In fact, for people between 80 and 89 years of age, the fatality rate was 6.1 percent. For patients older than 90 years, this figure increased to 12.1 percent. On the other hand, the death rate for individuals under 60 years of age was well below 0.5 percent. Overall, the mortality rate of coronavirus in Italy was 0.7 percent.

Italy's death toll was one of the most tragic in the world. In the last months, however, the country started to see the end of this terrible situation: as of May 2023, roughly 84.7 percent of the total Italian population was fully vaccinated.

Since the first case was detected at the end of January in Italy, coronavirus has been spreading fast. As of May, 2023, the authorities reported over 25.8 million cases in the country. The area mostly hit by the virus is the North, in particular the region of Lombardy.

For a global overview visit Statista's webpage exclusively dedicated to coronavirus, its development, and its impact.

Note: Starting April 27, 2023 updates change from daily to weekly. Summary The cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths among Maryland residents by age: 0-9; 10-19; 20-29; 30-39; 40-49; 50-59; 60-69; 70-79; 80+; Unknown. Description The MD COVID-19 - Confirmed Deaths by Age Distribution data layer is a collection of the statewide confirmed COVID-19 related deaths that have been reported each day by the Vital Statistics Administration by designated age ranges. A death is classified as confirmed if the person had a laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 test result. Some data on deaths may be unavailable due to the time lag between the death, typically reported by a hospital or other facility, and the submission of the complete death certificate. Probable deaths are available from the MD COVID-19 - Probable Deaths by Age Distribution data layer. Terms of Use The Spatial Data, and the information therein, (collectively the "Data") is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed, implied, or statutory. The user assumes the entire risk as to quality and performance of the Data. No guarantee of accuracy is granted, nor is any responsibility for reliance thereon assumed. In no event shall the State of Maryland be liable for direct, indirect, incidental, consequential or special damages of any kind. The State of Maryland does not accept liability for any damages or misrepresentation caused by inaccuracies in the Data or as a result to changes to the Data, nor is there responsibility assumed to maintain the Data in any manner or form. The Data can be freely distributed as long as the metadata entry is not modified or deleted. Any data derived from the Data must acknowledge the State of Maryland in the metadata.

As of April 26, 2023, around 27 percent of total COVID-19 deaths in the United States have been among adults 85 years and older, despite this age group only accounting for two percent of the U.S. population. This statistic depicts the distribution of total COVID-19 deaths in the United States as of April 26, 2023, by age group.

Based on a comparison of coronavirus deaths in 210 countries relative to their population, Peru had the most losses to COVID-19 up until July 13, 2022. As of the same date, the virus had infected over 557.8 million people worldwide, and the number of deaths had totaled more than 6.3 million. Note, however, that COVID-19 test rates can vary per country. Additionally, big differences show up between countries when combining the number of deaths against confirmed COVID-19 cases. The source seemingly does not differentiate between "the Wuhan strain" (2019-nCOV) of COVID-19, "the Kent mutation" (B.1.1.7) that appeared in the UK in late 2020, the 2021 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from India or the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) from South Africa.

The difficulties of death figures

This table aims to provide a complete picture on the topic, but it very much relies on data that has become more difficult to compare. As the coronavirus pandemic developed across the world, countries already used different methods to count fatalities, and they sometimes changed them during the course of the pandemic. On April 16, for example, the Chinese city of Wuhan added a 50 percent increase in their death figures to account for community deaths. These deaths occurred outside of hospitals and went unaccounted for so far. The state of New York did something similar two days before, revising their figures with 3,700 new deaths as they started to include “assumed” coronavirus victims. The United Kingdom started counting deaths in care homes and private households on April 29, adjusting their number with about 5,000 new deaths (which were corrected lowered again by the same amount on August 18). This makes an already difficult comparison even more difficult. Belgium, for example, counts suspected coronavirus deaths in their figures, whereas other countries have not done that (yet). This means two things. First, it could have a big impact on both current as well as future figures. On April 16 already, UK health experts stated that if their numbers were corrected for community deaths like in Wuhan, the UK number would change from 205 to “above 300”. This is exactly what happened two weeks later. Second, it is difficult to pinpoint exactly which countries already have “revised” numbers (like Belgium, Wuhan or New York) and which ones do not. One work-around could be to look at (freely accessible) timelines that track the reported daily increase of deaths in certain countries. Several of these are available on our platform, such as for Belgium, Italy and Sweden. A sudden large increase might be an indicator that the domestic sources changed their methodology.

Where are these numbers coming from?

The numbers shown here were collected by Johns Hopkins University, a source that manually checks the data with domestic health authorities. For the majority of countries, this is from national authorities. In some cases, like China, the United States, Canada or Australia, city reports or other various state authorities were consulted. In this statistic, these separately reported numbers were put together. For more information or other freely accessible content, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Effective September 27, 2023, this dataset will no longer be updated. Similar data are accessible from wonder.cdc.gov.

Deaths involving COVID-19, pneumonia, and influenza reported to NCHS by sex, age group, and jurisdiction of occurrence.

The New York Times is releasing a series of data files with cumulative counts of coronavirus cases in the United States, at the state and county level, over time. We are compiling this time series data from state and local governments and health departments in an attempt to provide a complete record of the ongoing outbreak.

Since late January, The Times has tracked cases of coronavirus in real time as they were identified after testing. Because of the widespread shortage of testing, however, the data is necessarily limited in the picture it presents of the outbreak.

We have used this data to power our maps and reporting tracking the outbreak, and it is now being made available to the public in response to requests from researchers, scientists and government officials who would like access to the data to better understand the outbreak.

The data begins with the first reported coronavirus case in Washington State on Jan. 21, 2020. We will publish regular updates to the data in this repository.

As of January 11, 2023, the highest number of deaths due to the coronavirus in Sweden was among individuals aged 80 to 90 years old. In this age group there were 9,124 deaths as a result of the virus. The overall Swedish death toll was 22,645 as of January 11, 2023.

The first case of coronavirus (COVID-19) in Sweden was confirmed on February 4, 2020. The number of cases has since risen to over 2.68 million, as of January 2023. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Age-standardised mortality rates for deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19), non-COVID-19 deaths and all deaths by vaccination status, broken down by age group.

As of March 10, 2023, there have been 1.1 million deaths related to COVID-19 in the United States. There have been 101,159 deaths in the state of California, more than any other state in the country – California is also the state with the highest number of COVID-19 cases.

The vaccine rollout in the U.S. Since the start of the pandemic, the world has eagerly awaited the arrival of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine. In the United States, the immunization campaign started in mid-December 2020 following the approval of a vaccine jointly developed by Pfizer and BioNTech. As of March 22, 2023, the number of COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in the U.S. had reached roughly 673 million. The states with the highest number of vaccines administered are California, Texas, and New York.

Vaccines achieved due to work of research groups Chinese authorities initially shared the genetic sequence to the novel coronavirus in January 2020, allowing research groups to start studying how it invades human cells. The surface of the virus is covered with spike proteins, which enable it to bind to human cells. Once attached, the virus can enter the cells and start to make people ill. These spikes were of particular interest to vaccine manufacturers because they hold the key to preventing viral entry.

Context

Dataset aims to facilitate a state by state comparison of potential risk factors that may heighten Covid 19 transmission rates or deaths. It includes state by state estimates of: covid 19 positives/deaths, flu/pneumonia deaths, major city population densities, available hospital resources, high risk health condition prevalance, population over 60, and means of work transportation rates.

Content

The Data Includes:

1) Covid 19 Outcome Stats:

Covid_Death : Covid Deaths by State

Covid_Positive : Covid Positive Tests by State

2) US Major City Population Density by State: CBSA_Major_City_max_weighted_density

3) KFF Estimates of Total Hospital Beds by State:

Kaiser_Total_Hospital_Beds

4) 2018 Season Flu and Pneumonia Death Stats:

FLUVIEW_TOTAL_PNEUMONIA_DEATHS_Season_2018

FLUVIEW_TOTAL_INFLUENZA_DEATHS_Season_2018

5)US Total Rates of Flu Hospitalization by Underlying Condition:

Fluview_US_FLU_Hospitalization_Rate_....

6) State by State BRFSS Prevalance Rates of Conditions Associated with Higher Flu Hospitalization Rates

BRFSS_Diabetes_Prevalance BRFSS_Asthma_Prevalance BRFSS_COPD_Prevalance
BRFSS_Obesity BMI Prevalance BRFSS_Other_Cancer_Prevalance BRFSS_Kidney_Disease_Prevalance BRFSS_Obesity BMI Prevalance BRFSS_2017_High_Cholestoral_Prevalance BRFSS_2017_High_Blood_Pressure_Prevalance Census_Population_Over_60

7)State by state breakdown of Means of Work Transpotation:

COMMUTE_Census_Worker_Public_Transportation_Rate

Acknowledgements

Links to data sources:

https://worldpopulationreview.com/states/

https://covidtracking.com/data/

https://gis.cdc.gov/GRASP/Fluview/FluHospRates.html https://www.kff.org/health-costs/issue-brief/state-data-and-policy-actions-to-address-coronavirus/#stateleveldata

https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=United%20States&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP05&hidePreview=true&vintage=2018&layer=VT_2018_040_00_PY_D1&cid=S0103_C01_001E

Tables: ACSST1Y2018.S1811 ACSST1Y2018.S0102

https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2012/dec/c2010sr-01-density.html

https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/fluview/mortality.html

Inspiration

I hope to show the existence of correlations that warrant a deeper county by county analysis to identify areas of increased risk requiring increased resource allocation or increased attention to preventative measures.

Rank, number of deaths, percentage of deaths, and age-specific mortality rates for the leading causes of death, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

BackgroundCOVID-19 has had a disproportionate impact on racial and ethnic minorities compared to White people. Studies have not sufficiently examined how sex and age interact with race/ethnicity, and potentially shape COVID-19 outcomes. We sought to examine disparities in COVID-19 outcomes by race, sex and age over time, leveraging data from Michigan, the only state whose Department of Health and Human Services (DHSS) publishes cross-sectional race, sex and age data on COVID-19.MethodsThis is an observational study using publicly available COVID-19 data (weekly cases, deaths, and vaccinations) from August 31 2020 to June 9 2021. Outcomes for descriptive analysis were age-standardized COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates, case-fatality rates by race, sex, and age, and within-gender and within-race incidence rate ratios and mortality rate ratios. We used descriptive statistics and linear regressions with age, race, and sex as independent variables.ResultsThe within-sex Black-White racial gap in COVID-19 incidence and mortality decreased at a similar rate among men and women but the remained wider among men. As of June 2021, compared to White people, incidence was lower among Asian American and Pacific Islander people by 2644 cases per 100,000 people and higher among Black people by 1464 cases per 100,000 people. Mortality was higher among those aged 60 or greater by 743.6 deaths per 100,000 people vs those 0–39. The interaction between race and age was significant between Black race and age 60 or greater, with an additional 708.5 deaths per 100,000 people vs White people aged 60 or greater. Black people had a higher case fatality rate than White people.ConclusionCOVID-19 incidence, mortality and vaccination patterns varied over time by race, age and sex. Black-White disparities decreased over time, with a larger effect on Black men, and Older Black people were particularly more vulnerable to COVID-19 in terms of mortality. Considering different individual characteristics such as age may further help elucidate the mechanisms behind racial and gender health disparities.

Reporting of new Aggregate Case and Death Count data was discontinued May 11, 2023, with the expiration of the COVID-19 public health emergency declaration. This dataset will receive a final update on June 1, 2023, to reconcile historical data through May 10, 2023, and will remain publicly available.

Aggregate Data Collection Process Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, data have been gathered through a robust process with the following steps:

• A CDC data team reviews and validates the information obtained from jurisdictions’ state and local websites via an overnight data review process.
• If more than one official county data source exists, CDC uses a comprehensive data selection process comparing each official county data source, and takes the highest case and death counts respectively, unless otherwise specified by the state.
• CDC compiles these data and posts the finalized information on COVID Data Tracker.
• County level data is aggregated to obtain state and territory specific totals.

This process is collaborative, with CDC and jurisdictions working together to ensure the accuracy of COVID-19 case and death numbers. County counts provide the most up-to-date numbers on cases and deaths by report date. CDC may retrospectively update counts to correct data quality issues.

Methodology Changes Several differences exist between the current, weekly-updated dataset and the archived version:

• Source: The current Weekly-Updated Version is based on county-level aggregate count data, while the Archived Version is based on State-level aggregate count data.
• Confirmed/Probable Cases/Death breakdown:  While the probable cases and deaths are included in the total case and total death counts in both versions (if applicable), they were reported separately from the confirmed cases and deaths by jurisdiction in the Archived Version.  In the current Weekly-Updated Version, the counts by jurisdiction are not reported by confirmed or probable status (See Confirmed and Probable Counts section for more detail).
• Time Series Frequency: The current Weekly-Updated Version contains weekly time series data (i.e., one record per week per jurisdiction), while the Archived Version contains daily time series data (i.e., one record per day per jurisdiction).
• Update Frequency: The current Weekly-Updated Version is updated weekly, while the Archived Version was updated twice daily up to October 20, 2022.

Important note: The counts reflected during a given time period in this dataset may not match the counts reflected for the same time period in the archived dataset noted above. Discrepancies may exist due to differences between county and state COVID-19 case surveillance and reconciliation efforts.

Confirmed and Probable Counts In this dataset, counts by jurisdiction are not displayed by confirmed or probable status. Instead, confirmed and probable cases and deaths are included in the Total Cases and Total Deaths columns, when available. Not all jurisdictions report probable cases and deaths to CDC.* Confirmed and probable case definition criteria are described here:

Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (ymaws.com).

Deaths CDC reports death data on other sections of the website: CDC COVID Data Tracker: Home, CDC COVID Data Tracker: Cases, Deaths, and Testing, and NCHS Provisional Death Counts. Information presented on the COVID Data Tracker pages is based on the same source (total case counts) as the present dataset; however, NCHS Death Counts are based on death certificates that use information reported by physicians, medical examiners, or coroners in the cause-of-death section of each certificate. Data from each of these pages are considered provisional (not complete and pending verification) and are therefore subject to change. Counts from previous weeks are continually revised as more records are received and processed.

Number of Jurisdictions Reporting There are currently 60 public health jurisdictions reporting cases of COVID-19. This includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia, New York City, the U.S. territories of American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S Virgin Islands as well as three independent countries in compacts of free association with the United States, Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Republic of Palau. New York State’s reported case and death counts do not include New York City’s counts as they separately report nationally notifiable conditions to CDC.

CDC COVID-19 data are available to the public as summary or aggregate count files, including total counts of cases and deaths, available by state and by county. These and other data on COVID-19 are available from multiple public locations, such as:

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html

https://www.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/index.html

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covidview/index.html

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/open-america/surveillance-data-analytics.html

Additional COVID-19 public use datasets, include line-level (patient-level) data, are available at: https://data.cdc.gov/browse?tags=covid-19.

Archived Data Notes:

November 3, 2022: Due to a reporting cadence issue, case rates for Missouri counties are calculated based on 11 days’ worth of case count data in the Weekly United States COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by State data released on November 3, 2022, instead of the customary 7 days’ worth of data.

November 10, 2022: Due to a reporting cadence change, case rates for Alabama counties are calculated based on 13 days’ worth of case count data in the Weekly United States COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by State data released on November 10, 2022, instead of the customary 7 days’ worth of data.

November 10, 2022: Per the request of the jurisdiction, cases and deaths among non-residents have been removed from all Hawaii county totals throughout the entire time series. Cumulative case and death counts reported by CDC will no longer match Hawaii’s COVID-19 Dashboard, which still includes non-resident cases and deaths. 

November 17, 2022: Two new columns, weekly historic cases and weekly historic deaths, were added to this dataset on November 17, 2022. These columns reflect case and death counts that were reported that week but were historical in nature and not reflective of the current burden within the jurisdiction. These historical cases and deaths are not included in the new weekly case and new weekly death columns; however, they are reflected in the cumulative totals provided for each jurisdiction. These data are used to account for artificial increases in case and death totals due to batched reporting of historical data.

December 1, 2022: Due to cadence changes over the Thanksgiving holiday, case rates for all Ohio counties are reported as 0 in the data released on December 1, 2022.

January 5, 2023: Due to North Carolina’s holiday reporting cadence, aggregate case and death data will contain 14 days’ worth of data instead of the customary 7 days. As a result, case and death metrics will appear higher than expected in the January 5, 2023, weekly release.

January 12, 2023: Due to data processing delays, Mississippi’s aggregate case and death data will be reported as 0. As a result, case and death metrics will appear lower than expected in the January 12, 2023, weekly release.

January 19, 2023: Due to a reporting cadence issue, Mississippi’s aggregate case and death data will be calculated based on 14 days’ worth of data instead of the customary 7 days in the January 19, 2023, weekly release.

January 26, 2023: Due to a reporting backlog of historic COVID-19 cases, case rates for two Michigan counties (Livingston and Washtenaw) were higher than expected in the January 19, 2023 weekly release.

January 26, 2023: Due to a backlog of historic COVID-19 cases being reported this week, aggregate case and death counts in Charlotte County and Sarasota County, Florida, will appear higher than expected in the January 26, 2023 weekly release.

January 26, 2023: Due to data processing delays, Mississippi’s aggregate case and death data will be reported as 0 in the weekly release posted on January 26, 2023.

February 2, 2023: As of the data collection deadline, CDC observed an abnormally large increase in aggregate COVID-19 cases and deaths reported for Washington State. In response, totals for new cases and new deaths released on February 2, 2023, have been displayed as zero at the state level until the issue is addressed with state officials. CDC is working with state officials to address the issue.

February 2, 2023: Due to a decrease reported in cumulative case counts by Wyoming, case rates will be reported as 0 in the February 2, 2023, weekly release. CDC is working with state officials to verify the data submitted.

February 16, 2023: Due to data processing delays, Utah’s aggregate case and death data will be reported as 0 in the weekly release posted on February 16, 2023. As a result, case and death metrics will appear lower than expected and should be interpreted with caution.

February 16, 2023: Due to a reporting cadence change, Maine’s

As of May 2, 2023, of 34,206 COVID-19 cases deceased in Canada, around 4,058 were aged 60 to 69 years. This statistic shows the number of COVID-19 deaths in Canada as of May 2, 2023, by age.

Data for Figures and Tables in "Bounce backs amid continued losses: Life expectancy changes since COVID-19"

cc-by Jonas Schöley, José Manuel Aburto, Ilya Kashnitsky, Maxi S. Kniffka, Luyin Zhang, Hannaliis Jaadla, Jennifer B. Dowd, and Ridhi Kashyap. "Bounce backs amid continued losses: Life expectancy changes since COVID-19".

These are CSV files of data in the figures and tables published in the paper "Bounce backs amid continued losses: Life expectancy changes since COVID-19".

50-e0diffT.csv

Figure 1: Life expectancy changes 2019/20 and 2020/21 across countries. The countries are ordered by increasing cumulative life expectancy losses since 2019. Grey dots indicate the average annual LE changes over the years 2015 through 2019.

51-arriagaT.csv

Figure 2: Age contributions to life expectancy changes since 2019 separated for 2020 and 2021. The position of the arrowhead indicates the total contribution of mortality changes in a given age group to the change in life expectancy at birth since 2019. The discontinuity in the arrow indicates those contributions separately for the years 2020 and 2021. Annual contributions can compound or reverse. The total life expectancy change from 2019 to 2021 in a given country is the sum of the arrowhead positions across age.

52-sexdiff.csv

Figure 3: Change in the female life expectancy advantage from 2019 through 2021. Blue colors indicate an increase and red colors a decrease in the female life expectancy advantage. Muted colors indicate non-significant changes.

53-e0diffcodT.csv

Figure 4: Life expectancy deficit in 2021 decomposed into contributions by age and cause of death. LE deficit is defined as observed minus expected life expectancy had pre-pandemic mortality trends continued.

55-vaxe0.csv

Figure 5: Years of life expectancy deficit during October through December 2021 contributed by ages <60 and 60+ against % of population twice vaccinated by October 1st in the respective age groups. LE deficit is defined as the counterfactual LE from a Lee-Carter mortality forecast based on death rates for the fourth quarter of the years 2015 to 2019 minus observed LE.

54-tab_arriaga.csv

Table 1: Months of life expectancy (LE) changes and deficits (labelled ES) since the start of the pandemic attributed to age-specific mortality changes (labelled AT). LE deficit is defined as observed minus expected life expectancy had pre-pandemic mortality trends continued.

Dataset from Ministry of Health. For more information, visit https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_abeeab6fb3b739d7b234e7452bafd07c/view

Due to changes in the collection and availability of data on COVID-19 this page will no longer be updated. The webpage will no longer be available as of 11 May 2023. On-going, reliable sources of data for COVID-19 are available via the COVID-19 dashboard, Office for National Statistics, and the UKHSA This page provides a weekly summary of data on deaths related to COVID-19 published by NHS England and the Office for National Statistics. More frequent reporting on COVID-19 deaths is now available here, alongside data on cases, hospitalisations, and vaccinations. This update contains data on deaths related to COVID-19 from: NHS England COVID-19 Daily Deaths - last updated on 28 June 2022 with data up to and including 27 June 2022. ONS weekly deaths by Local Authority - last updated on 16 August 2022 with data up to and including 05 August 2022. Summary notes about each these sources are provided at the end of this document. Note on interpreting deaths data: statistics from the available sources differ in definition, timing and completeness. It is important to understand these differences when interpreting the data or comparing between sources. Weekly Key Points An additional 24 deaths in London hospitals of patients who had tested positive for COVID-19 and an additional 5 where COVID-19 was mentioned on the death certificate were announced in the week ending 27 June 2022. This compares with 40 and 3 for the previous week. A total of 306 deaths in hospitals of patients who had tested positive for COVID-19 and 27 where COVID-19 was mentioned on the death certificate were announced for England as whole. This compares with 301 and 26 for the previous week. The total number of COVID-19 deaths reported in London hospitals of patients who had tested positive for COVID-19 is now 19,102. The total number of deaths in London hospitals where COVID-19 was mentioned on the death certificate is now 1,590. This compares to figures of 119,237 and 8,197 for English hospitals as a whole. Due to the delay between death occurrence and reporting, the estimated number of deaths to this point will be revised upwards over coming days These figures do not include deaths that occurred outside of hospitals. Data from ONS has indicated that the majority (79%) of COVID-19 deaths in London have taken place in hospitals. Recently announced deaths in Hospitals 21 June 22 June 23 June 24 June 25 June 26 June 27 June London No positive test 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 London Positive test 3 7 2 10 0 0 2 Rest of England No positive test 2 6 4 4 0 0 6 Rest of England Positive test 47 49 41 58 6 0 81 16 May 23 May 30 May 06 June 13 June 20 June 27 June London No positive test 14 3 4 0 4 3 5 London Positive test 45 34 55 20 62 40 24 Rest of England No positive test 41 58 33 23 47 23 22 Rest of England Positive test 456 375 266 218 254 261 282 Deaths by date of occurrence 21 June 22 June 23 June 24 June 25 June 26 June 27 June London 20,683 20,686 20,690 20,691 20,692 20,692 20,692 Rest of England 106,604 106,635 106,679 106,697 106,713 106,733 106,742 Interpreting the data The data published by NHS England are incomplete due to: delays in the occurrence and subsequent reporting of deaths deaths occurring outside of hospitals not being included The total deaths reported up to a given point are therefore less than the actual number that have occurred by the same point. Delays in reporting NHS provide the following guidance regarding the delay between occurrence and reporting of deaths: Confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis, death notification and reporting in central figures can take up to several days and the hospitals providing the data are under significant operational pressure. This means that the totals reported at 5pm on each day may not include all deaths that occurred on that day or on recent prior days. The data published by NHS England for reporting periods from April 1st onward includes both date of occurrence and date of reporting and so it is possible to illustrate the distribution of these reporting delays. This data shows that approximately 10% of COVID-19 deaths occurring in London hospitals are included in the reporting period ending on the same day, and that approximately two-thirds of deaths were reported by two days after the date of occurrence. Deaths outside of hospitals The data published by NHS England does not include deaths that occur outside of hospitals, i.e. those in homes, hospices, and care homes. ONS have published data for deaths by place of occurrence. This shows that, up to 05 August, 79% of deaths in London recorded as involving COVID-19 occurred in hospitals (this compares with 44% for all causes of death). This would suggest that the NHS England data may underestimate overall deaths from COVID-19 by around 20%. Number of deaths Proportion of deaths Week ending Hospital Care home Home Other Hospital Care home Home Other 06 Mar 2020 1 1 0 0 50% 50% 0% 0% 13 Mar 2020 13 0 4 0 76% 0% 24% 0% 20 Mar 2020 148 9 11 0 88% 5% 7% 0% 27 Mar 2020 610 45 53 14 84% 6% 7% 2% 03 Apr 2020 1,215 132 143 27 80% 9% 9% 2% 10 Apr 2020 1,495 282 162 32 76% 14% 8% 2% 17 Apr 2020 1,076 295 101 29 72% 20% 7% 2% 24 Apr 2020 669 210 72 35 68% 21% 7% 4% 01 May 2020 348 125 43 15 66% 24% 8% 3% 08 May 2020 261 93 29 16 65% 23% 7% 4% 15 May 2020 152 51 22 5 66% 22% 10% 2% 22 May 2020 93 51 10 3 59% 32% 6% 2% 29 May 2020 62 25 7 6 62% 25% 7% 6% 05 Jun 2020 53 23 4 1 65% 28% 5% 1% 12 Jun 2020 27 11 9 3 54% 22% 18% 6% 19 Jun 2020 22 7 6 2 59% 19% 16% 5% 26 Jun 2020 14 14 5 1 41% 41% 15% 3% 03 Jul 2020 10 5 2 5 45% 23% 9% 23% 10 Jul 2020 15 3 0 1 79% 16% 0% 5% 17 Jul 2020 8 7 2 0 47% 41% 12% 0% 24 Jul 2020 15 1 0 2 83% 6% 0% 11% 31 Jul 2020 6 2 1 0 67% 22% 11% 0% 07 Aug 2020 6 2 0 1 67% 22% 0% 11% 14 Aug 2020 7 4 2 1 50% 29% 14% 7% 21 Aug 2020 4 0 0 0 100% 0% 0% 0% 28 Aug 2020 1 2 0 0 33% 67% 0% 0% 04 Sep 2020 3 0 1 0 75% 0% 25% 0% 11 Sep 2020 7 2 0 1 70% 20% 0% 10% 18 Sep 2020 9 2 1 0 75% 17% 8% 0% 25 Sep 2020 23 3 3 0 79% 10% 10% 0% 02 Oct 2020 27 3 2 0 84% 9% 6% 0% 09 Oct 2020 36 3 3 0 86% 7% 7% 0% 16 Oct 2020 41 0 2 0 95% 0% 5% 0% 23 Oct 2020 47 4 4 0 85% 7% 7% 0% 30 Oct 2020 91 3 5 1 91% 3% 5% 1% 06 Nov 2020 93 7 5 2 87% 7% 5% 2% 13 Nov 2020 109 11 10 2 83% 8% 8% 2% 20 Nov 2020 162 5 8 4 91% 3% 4% 2% 27 Nov 2020 175 8 14 5 87% 4% 7% 2% 04 Dec 2020 190 10 13 10 85% 4% 6% 4% 11 Dec 2020 199 9 13 6 88% 4% 6% 3% 18 Dec 2020 267 15 25 4 86% 5% 8% 1% 25 Dec 2020 403 30 43 7 83% 6% 9% 1% 01 Jan 2021 677 35 109 28 80% 4% 13% 3% 08 Jan 2021 959 73 167 36 78% 6% 14% 3% 15 Jan 2021 1,125 84 165 39 80% 6% 12% 3% 22 Jan 2021 1,163 96 142 43 81% 7% 10% 3% 29 Jan 2021 863 82 101 28 80% 8% 9% 3% 05 Feb 2021 605 70 59 38 78% 9% 8% 5% 12 Feb 2021 439 29 49 14 83% 5% 9% 3% 19 Feb 2021 338 29 33 12 82% 7% 8% 3% 26 Feb 2021 214 19 19 11 81% 7% 7% 4% 05 Mar 2021 141 11 19 5 80% 6% 11% 3% 12 Mar 2021 99 9 7 1 85% 8% 6% 1% 19 Mar 2021 65 10 1 1 84% 13% 1% 1% 26 Mar 2021 41 9 4 2 73% 16% 7% 4% 02 Apr 2021 35 5 4 0 80% 11% 9% 0% 09 Apr 2021 29 2 3 0 85% 6% 9% 0% 16 Apr 2021 24 6 2 0 75% 19% 6% 0% 23 Apr 2021 14 1 0 0 93% 7% 0% 0% 30 Apr 2021 13 1 1 0 87% 7% 7% 0% 07 May 2021 14 3 0 0 82% 18% 0% 0% 14 May 2021 6 2 0 0 75% 25% 0% 0% 21 May 2021 8 1 1 0 80% 10% 10% 0% 28 May 2021 11 1 2 1 73% 7% 13% 7% 04 Jun 2021 9 0 0 0 100% 0% 0% 0% 11 Jun 2021 11 3 0 0 79% 21% 0% 0% 18 Jun 2021 11 4 2 1 61% 22% 11% 6% 25 Jun 2021 10 0 0 1 91% 0% 0% 9% 02 Jul 2021 14 1 2 0 82% 6% 12% 0% 09 Jul 2021 12 1 4 1 67% 6% 22% 6% 16 Jul 2021 18 3 2 0 78% 13% 9% 0% 23 Jul 2021 48 0 7 1 86% 0% 12% 2% 30 Jul 2021 49 2 4 4 83% 3% 7% 7% 06 Aug 2021 66 1 9 1 86% 1% 12% 1% 13 Aug 2021 60 1 12 1 81% 1% 16% 1% 20 Aug 2021 84 1 5 1 92% 1% 5% 1% 27 Aug 2021 78 3 10 3 83% 3% 11% 3% 03 Sep 2021 85 3 7 1 89% 3% 7% 1% 10 Sep 2021 83 2 10 2 86% 2% 10% 2% 17 Sep 2021 65 2 9 1 84% 3% 12% 1% 24 Sep 2021 76 5 5 0 88% 6% 6% 0% 01 Oct 2021 88 2 15 1 83% 2% 14% 1% 08 Oct 2021 65 2 7 1 87% 3% 9% 1% 15 Oct 2021 62 1 9 4 82% 1% 12% 5% 22 Oct 2021 64 2 11 2 81% 3% 14% 3% 29 Oct 2021 66 3 11 1 81% 4% 14% 1% 05 Nov 2021 67 3 10 5 79% 4% 12% 6% 12 Nov 2021 84 2 12 1 85% 2% 12% 1% 19 Nov 2021 63 2 2 0 94% 3% 3% 0% 26 Nov 2021 68 2 8 0 87% 3% 10% 0% 03 Dec 2021 72 2 10 1 85% 2% 12% 1% 10 Dec 2021 81 3 12 4 81% 3% 12% 4% 17 Dec 2021 91 1 12 3 85% 1% 11% 3% 24 Dec 2021 101 8 15 3 80% 6% 12% 2% 31 Dec 2021 129 11 19 6 78% 7% 12% 4% 07 Jan 2022 178 18 19 4 81% 8% 9% 2% 14 Jan 2022 194 23 16 14 79% 9% 6% 6% 21 Jan 2022 165 25 11 4 80% 12% 5% 2% 28 Jan 2022 119 20 13 5 76% 13% 8% 3% 04 Feb 2022 97 13 8 2 81% 11% 7% 2% 11 Feb 2022 51 10 6 6 70% 14% 8% 8% 18 Feb 2022 62 6 9 3 78% 8% 11% 4% 25 Feb 2022 55 2 2 1 92% 3% 3% 2% 04 Mar 2022 47 2 2 2 89% 4% 4% 4% 11 Mar 2022 48 3 4 0 87% 5% 7% 0% 18 Mar 2022 60 7 8 4 76% 9% 10% 5% 25 Mar 2022 51 11 5 2 74% 16% 7% 3% 01 Apr 2022 60 8 5 2 80% 11% 7% 3% 08 Apr 2022 78 4 7 3 85% 4% 8% 3% 15 Apr 2022 74 6 6 3 83% 7% 7% 3% 22 Apr 2022 58 10 7 6 72% 12% 9% 7% 29 Apr 2022 39 8 3 4 72% 15% 6% 7% 06 May 2022 44 3 4 0 86% 6% 8% 0% 13 May 2022 29 2 4 2 78% 5% 11% 5% 20 May 2022 16 4 0 2 73% 18% 0% 9% 27 May 2022 34 3 3 1 83% 7% 7% 2% 03 Jun 2022 18 1 1 0 90% 5% 5% 0% 10 Jun 2022 18 1 3 0 82% 5% 14% 0% 17 Jun 2022 22 1 2 0 88% 4% 8% 0% 24 Jun 2022 33 2 3 1 85% 5% 8% 3% 01 Jul 2022 33 2 2 0 89% 5% 5% 0% 08 Jul 2022 51 4 4 4 81% 6% 6% 6% 15 Jul 2022 60 5 4 2 85% 7% 6% 3% 22 Jul 2022 71 9 10 3 76% 10% 11% 3% 29 Jul 2022 48 7 9 0 75% 11% 14% 0% 05 Aug 2022 35 1 3 4 81% 2% 7% 9% Total 18,924 2,390 2,152 634 79% 10% 9% 3% Comparison with all cause mortality Comparison of data sources Note on data sources NHS England provides numbers of patients who have died in hospitals in England and had tested positive for COVID-19, and from 25 April, the number of patients where COVID-19 is mentioned on the death certificate and no positive COVID-19 test result was received. Figures are updated each day at 2pm with deaths reported up to 5pm the previous day. There is a delay between the occurrence of a death to it being captured in the

Results data for the thesis on estimating the age-, sex-, cause-specific excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong and South Korea.Thesis abstractBackgroundFew studies used a consistent methodology and adjusted for the risk of influenza-like illness (ILI) in historical mortality trends when estimating and comparing the cause-specific excess mortality (EM) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies demonstrated that excess mortality was widely reported from CVD and among the elderly. This study aims to estimate and compare the overall, age-, sex-, and cause-specific excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong (HK) and South Korea (SK) with consideration of the impact of ILI.MethodsIn this population-based study, we first fitted a generalized additive model to the monthly mortality data from Jan 2010 to Dec 2019 in HK and SK before the COVID-19 pandemic. Then we applied the fitted model to estimate the EM from Jan 2020 to Dec 2022. The month index was modelled with a natural cubic spline. Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to select the number of knots for the spline and inclusion of covariates such as monthly mean temperature, absolute humidity, ILI consultation rate, and the proxy for flu activity.FindingsFrom 2020 to 2022, the EM in HK was 239.8 (95% CrI: 184.6 to 293.9) per 100,000 population. Excess mortality from respiratory diseases (RD) (ICD-10 code: J00-J99), including COVID-19 deaths coded as J98.8, was 181.3 (95% CrI: 149.9 to 210.4) per 100,000. Except for RD, the majority of the EM in HK was estimated from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (22.4% of the overall EM), influenza and pneumonia (16.2%), ischemic heart disease (8.9%), ill-defined causes (8.6%) and senility (6.7%). No statistically significant reduced deaths were estimated among other studied causes.From 2020 to 2022, the EM in SK was 204.7 (95% CrI: 161.6 to 247.2) per 100,000 population. Of note, COVID-19 deaths in SK were not included in deaths from RD but were recorded with the codes for emergency use as U07.1 or U07.2. The majority of the EM was estimated from ill-defined causes (32.0% of the overall EM), senility (16.6%), cerebrovascular disease (6.8%) and cardiovascular diseases (6.1%). Statistically significant reduction in mortality with 95 CrI lower than zero was estimated from vascular, other and unspecified dementia (-26.9% of expected deaths), influenza and pneumonia (-20.7%), mental and behavioural disorders (-18.8%) and respiratory diseases (-7.7%).InterpretationExcluding RD in HK which includes COVID-19 deaths, the majority of the EM in HK and SK was from CVD and senility. Mortality from influenza and pneumonia was estimated to have a statistically significant increase in HK but a decrease in SK probability due to different coding practices. HK had a heavier burden of excess mortality in the elderly age group 70-79 years and 80 years or above, while SK had a heavier burden in the age group of 60-69 years. Both HK and SK have a heavier burden of excess mortality from males than females. Better triage systems for identifying high-risk people of the direct or indirect impact of the epidemic are needed to minimize preventable mortality.

As of June 14, 2023, around 66 percent of all COVID-19 deaths in the United States have been among non-Hispanic whites, although non-Hispanic whites account for 60 percent of the total U.S. population. On the other hand, non-Hispanic Asians have accounted for just three percent of all deaths due to COVID-19 even though this group makes up almost six percent of the entire U.S. population. This statistic shows the distribution of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) deaths in the United States, by race/ethnicity.