This statistic shows the national debt of the Netherlands from 2019 to 2023, with projections up until 2029. In 2023, the national debt in the Netherlands was around 494.65 billion U.S. dollars. For comparison, the Greek debt amounted to approximately 401.71 billion U.S. dollars that same year.

The ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) in the Netherlands was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 5.1 percentage points. According to this forecast, in 2029, the ratio will have increased for the fifth consecutive year to 49.34 percent. The general government gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Here it is depicted in relation to the country's GDP, which refers to the total value of goods and services produced during a year.Find more key insights for the ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) in countries like France, Belgium, and Luxembourg.

In 2021, Dutch government debt saw a contrast to the continued decline it started in 2014, as it increased by around 15 billion euros. 2014 saw the highest government debt in the period surveyed, but then ruling government coalition Rutte II, which consisted of VVD (the Liberal Party) and PvdA (Labor), started to reduce the government debt. This policy continued in the next government of Rutte II, with VVD, CDA (Christian Democrats), CU (Conservative Christians) and D66 (Moderates). With success, as the government debt as share of GDP decreased from nearly 68 percent of GDP to just over 48.6 percent of GDP.

This table contains information on general government debt. Debt is broken down into debt instruments and counterpart sectors (debt holders). Government debt is presented at face value (redemption value of debt) as well as market value (value at which debt can be traded). General government debt according to the Maastricht-definitions relevant in the Stability and Growth Pact is valued at face value, whereas the market value is applied in national accounts. Government debt denominated in euros as well as debt denominated in foreign currency are separately disclosed. Foreign currency debt is valued at prevailing currency exchange rate. The figures are consolidated which means that flows between units that belong to the same sector of general government are eliminated. As a result, the debt of subsectors do not add up to total debt of general government. For example, debt of the State to social security funds is part of debt of the State. However, it is not included in the consolidated debt of general government, because it is debt of general government to general government. The terms and definitions used are in accordance with the framework of the national accounts. National accounts are based on the international definitions of the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). Small temporary differences in this table with publications of the Dutch national accounts may occur due to the fact that the Dutch government finance statistics are sometimes more up to date.

Data available from: Yearly figures from 1995, quarterly figures from 1999.

Status of the figures: The figures for the period 1995-2022 are final. The figures for 2023 and 2024 are provisional.

Changes as of 24 December 2024: Figures on the third quarter of 2024 are available. The figures for the second quarter of 2024 have been adjusted. Additionally, Long term loans and Maastricht debt (EMU) of the State have been revised from 2013 onwards due to an updated guideline for capitalised interest related to imputed European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) loans.

When will new figures be published? Provisional quarterly figures are published three months after the end of the quarter. In September the figures on the first quarter may be revised, in December the figures on the second quarter may be revised and in March the first three quarters may be revised. Yearly figures are published for the first time three months after the end of the year concerned. Yearly figures are revised two times: 6 and 18 months after the end of the year. Please note that there is a possibility that adjustments might take place at the end of March or September, in order to provide the European Commission with the latest figures. Revised yearly figures are published in June each year. Quarterly figures are aligned to revised years at the end of June. More information on the revision policy of Dutch national accounts and government finance statistics can be found under 'relevant articles' under paragraph 3.

The household sector debt in the Netherlands decreased by 5.7 percentage points (-6.17 percent) since the previous year. Therefore, 2023 marks the lowest household sector debt during the observed period. Find more statistics on other topics about the Netherlands with key insights such as household sector debt and provisional percentage change of financial liabilities of the financial sector.

Netherlands Gross External Debt: HN: Short Term data was reported at 2,040.000 EUR mn in Sep 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,151.000 EUR mn for Jun 2024. Netherlands Gross External Debt: HN: Short Term data is updated quarterly, averaging 1,211.000 EUR mn from Dec 2008 (Median) to Sep 2024, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,186.000 EUR mn in Mar 2023 and a record low of 570.000 EUR mn in Dec 2008. Netherlands Gross External Debt: HN: Short Term data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by De Nederlandsche Bank N.V.. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Netherlands – Table NL.JB007: BPM6: Gross External Debt.

Contains data from the World Bank's data portal. There is also a consolidated country dataset on HDX.

Debt statistics provide a detailed picture of debt stocks and flows of developing countries. Data presented as part of the Quarterly External Debt Statistics takes a closer look at the external debt of high-income countries and emerging markets to enable a more complete understanding of global financial flows. The Quarterly Public Sector Debt database provides further data on public sector valuation methods, debt instruments, and clearly defined tiers of debt for central, state and local government, as well as extra-budgetary agencies and funds. Data are gathered from national statistical organizations and central banks as well as by various major multilateral institutions and World Bank staff.

This table shows data on the balance and Maastricht debt of general government. These figures are also known as EMU-balance and EMU-debt (EMU stands for the Economic and Monetary Union). In this table, yearly and quarterly figures are subdivided to subsectors of general government. Furthermore, this table shows the relation between the government balance and change in Maastricht debt.

Balance and debt are the most import indicators for the healthiness of government finances in the European Union. In the Maastricht treaty and the consequent Stability and Growth Pact, it was decided that government deficit may not exceed 3 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) and Maastricht debt may not be higher than 60 percent of GDP. If government deficit exceeds the threshold of 3 percent, the member state in question shall be subject to the excessive deficit procedure.

The terms and definitions used are in accordance with the framework of the national accounts. The national accounts are based on the international definitions of the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). However, Maastricht debt is valued at face value whereas debt instruments in national accounts are valued at market value. Maastricht debt covers the following debt instruments: deposits, short term debt securities, long term debt securities, short term loans and long term loans.

Small temporary differences in data in this table with publications of the national accounts may occur due to the fact that the government finance statistics are sometimes more up to date.

Data available from: Yearly figures from 1995, quarterly figures from 1999.

Status of the figures: The figures for the period 1995-2021 are final. The quarterly figures for 2022 are provisional. The annual figures for 2022 are final. The figures for 2023 and 2024 are provisional.

Changes as of 26 March 2025: The figures for the fourth quarter of 2024 and annual figures for 2024 are available. The figures for the first three quarters of 2024 have been adjusted.

When will new figures be published? Provisional quarterly figures are published three months after the end of the quarter. In September the figures on the first quarter may be revised, in December the figures on the second quarter may be revised and in March the first three quarters may be revised. Yearly figures are published for the first time three months after the end of the year concerned. Yearly figures are revised two times: 6 and 18 months after the end of the year. Please note that there is a possibility that adjustments might take place at the end of March or September, in order to provide the European Commission with the latest figures. Revised yearly figures are published in June each year. Quarterly figures are aligned to revised years at the end of June. More information on the revision policy of Dutch national accounts and government finance statistics can be found under 'relevant articles' under paragraph 3.

In 2021, the government debt to GDP ratio of the Netherlands fell to 52.4, after recording its lowest value since 2007 and the early following economic crisis after the fall of Lehmann Brothers. This happened after the Dutch government in 2014, then made up of coalition Rutte II, which consisted ofVVD (the Liberal Party) and PvdA (Labor), started to reduce the government debt. This policy continued in the next government of Rutte II, with VVD, CDA (Christian Democrats), CU (Conservative Christians) and D66 (Moderates).

Netherlands Gross External Debt: CB: Long Term data was reported at 0.000 EUR mn in Sep 2024. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 EUR mn for Jun 2024. Netherlands Gross External Debt: CB: Long Term data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 EUR mn from Dec 2008 (Median) to Sep 2024, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 EUR mn in Sep 2024 and a record low of 0.000 EUR mn in Sep 2024. Netherlands Gross External Debt: CB: Long Term data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by De Nederlandsche Bank N.V.. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Netherlands – Table NL.JB007: BPM6: Gross External Debt.

This table gives information on debt restructuring plans pronounced by Dutch courts. The sentences are divided by type of verdict, by type of debtor, by age of the debtor, by way of ending and by region.

Data available from: 1999 untill 2017.

Status of the figures: The figures are final.

Changes as of 26 February 2021: None, this table is discontinued.

When will new figures be published? Not applicable anymore.

This table is followed by the table "Personen met uitgesproken schuldsanering; jaar uitspraak; persoonskenmerken" and the table "Personen met uitgesproken schuldsanering; jaar uitspraak; regio". See paragraph 3.”

Dutch households had over 839 billion euros of outstanding mortgage loans as of the third quarter of 2024, the highest value on record. Despite its relatively small population size, the Netherlands had a much higher mortgage debt than most other European countries and was not far from those found in the United Kingdom, France, or Germany. This has a political background, as the Dutch government, for many years, wanted to help people to buy a house. The tax system allowed homeowners to deduct interests paid on mortgage from pre-tax income for a maximum period of thirty years. This was known as hypotheekrenteaftrek, and consequently led to the Netherlands becoming the European country with the second-highest share of the population who is an owner-occupier with a mortgage. Since 2014, the Dutch government is slowly scaling this tax facility down, with an acceleration planned from 2020 onwards. What are the biggest companies in the Dutch mortgage market? The top three banks, ABN AMRO, Rabobank and ING, provided 45 percent of mortgages in the Netherlands in the second quarter of 2023. Another seven percent of the market was provided by banks outside the traditional top three. Note that these are combined numbers, as there are no market shares that look at mortgage providers individually. Banks, insurance companies, regiepartijen (funds that originate mortgage loans on behalf of institutional investors, no English word exists for this term) and other providers do not have to share this information openly. The risk of underwater mortgages As many people in the Netherlands both own a house and have a mortgage as well, a big theme is the risk of a house going underwater or negative home equity. This occurs when people effectively pay more for their mortgage than their house is worth and happened, for example, between 2009 and 2013, when the average valuation of a house outweighed the average selling price. For this risk alone, one can find much data on residential property in the Netherlands. For example, quarterly pulse monitors state that housing prices in the Netherlands are set to decline in 2024.

Contains data from the World Bank's data portal. There is also a consolidated country dataset on HDX.

Debt statistics provide a detailed picture of debt stocks and flows of developing countries. Data presented as part of the Quarterly External Debt Statistics takes a closer look at the external debt of high-income countries and emerging markets to enable a more complete understanding of global financial flows. The Quarterly Public Sector Debt database provides further data on public sector valuation methods, debt instruments, and clearly defined tiers of debt for central, state and local government, as well as extra-budgetary agencies and funds. Data are gathered from national statistical organizations and central banks as well as by various major multilateral institutions and World Bank staff.

This table comprises figures related to debt guarantees provided by the general government sector, adjusted capital value of off-balance sheet public private partnerships (PPP), and non-performing loans. The figures are also available per government subsector, and are taken from end-of-year balance sheets. The non-performing loans are consolidated which means that loans between units that belong to the same sector are eliminated. As a result, non-performing loans of subsectors do not add up to total non-performing loans of general government. For example, loans of the State provided to local government are part of loans of the State. However, these are not included in the consolidated loans of general government, because it is an asset of a government unit with a government unit as debtor. Publication of this table meets one of the requirements of Directive EU 2011/85, part of the Enhanced Economic Governance package ("Sixpack") adopted by the European Council in 2011.

Data available from: situation on 31 December 2010.

Status of the figures: The figures for 2023 are provisional. The figures for the earlier years are final.

Changes as of 7 November 2024: Provisional figures for 2023 have been published. The figures for 2022 have become final. The figures for the period of 2010-2021 have been revised in the context of the revision policy of National accounts. The largest revision at the level of central government is mainly due to the reclassification of two guarantee funds Waarborgfonds Sociale Woningbouw (WSW) and Waarborgfonds Eigen Woningen (WEW) within this governmental sector.

When will new figures be published? New provisional figures for the previous year will be published in October. Previous provisional figures will then become definite. More information on the revision policy of National Accounts can be found under "Relevant articles" under paragraph 3.

This table gives information on debt restructuring plans ended by Dutch courts. The ended debt restructuring plans are organised by way of ending, type of person and by region.

Data available from: 1999 until 2017.

Status of the figures: The figures in this table are final.

Changes as of 26 February 2021: None, this table has been discontinued.

When will new figures be published? Not applicable anymore.

This table is followed up by the table "Schuldsaneringen; persoonskenmerken, wijze van afdoening" and the table "Schuldsaneringen; persoonskenmerken, regio". (Dutch only). See section 3.”

The debt of the average Dutch household in the second quarter of 2024 was twice higher than their disposable income. This ratio in the Netherlands has declined since peaking in the first quarter of 2011 at nearly 279 percent. The level of household savings in the Netherlands has also been decreasing since 2021.

This statistic displays the average student debt in the Netherlands from 2012 to 2023 (in euros). From 2017 onwards, the average student debt of graduates in the Netherlands gradually increased. Whereas in 2017, the average debt of a graduate was roughly 14,500 euros, by 2023, this had increased to just under 21,200 euros.

Contains data from the World Bank's data portal covering the following topics which also exist as individual datasets on HDX: Agriculture and Rural Development, Aid Effectiveness, Economy and Growth, Education, Energy and Mining, Environment, Financial Sector, Health, Infrastructure, Social Protection and Labor, Poverty, Private Sector, Public Sector, Science and Technology, Social Development, Urban Development, Gender, Millenium development goals, Climate Change, External Debt, Trade.

This table presents financial transactions, other changes in assets and financial balance sheets of the sectors of the Dutch economy. It enables insight in many financial aspects in the Netherlands. Such as the magnitude of the debt of the government, the mortgage debt of households, the assets of investment funds in shares, the loans lent by financial corporations. Sectors are presented both consolidated and non-consolidated in this table.

Data available from: Annual figures from 1995. Quarterly figures from first quarter 1999.

Status of the figures: The annual figures from 1995 up to and including 2022 are final. Quarterly data from 2022 and further are provisional.

Changes as of March 26th 2025: Data on the fourth quarter of 2024 and the year 2024 are available.

When will new figures be published? Annual figures: The first annual data are published 85 day after the end of the reporting year as the sum of the four quarters of the year. Subsequently provisional data are published 6 months after the end of the reporting year. Final data are released 18 months after the end of the reporting year. Furthermore the financial accounts and stocks are annually revised for all reporting periods. These data are published each year in June. Quarterly figures: The first quarterly estimate is available 85 days after the end of each reporting quarter. The first quarter may be revised in September, the second quarter in December. Should further quarterly information become available thereafter, the estimates for the first three quarters may be revised in March. If (new) annual figures become available in June, the quarterly figures will be revised again to bring them in line with the annual figures. Please note that there is a possibility that adjustments might take place at the end of March or September, in order to provide the European Commission with the latest figures.

This table presents financial transactions, other changes in assets and financial balance sheets of the sectors of the Dutch economy. It enables insight in many financial aspects in the Netherlands. Such as the magnitude of the debt of the government, the mortgage debt of households, the assets of investment funds in shares, the loans lent by financial corporations. Sectors are presented both consolidated and non-consolidated in this table.

Data available from: Annual figures from 1995. Quarterly figures from first quarter 1999.

Status of the figures: The figures from 1995 up to and including 2020 are final. Data of 2021, 2022 and 2023 are provisional. Since this table has been discontinued, these data will not become final.

Changes as of June 24th 2024: None. This table has been discontinued. Statistics Netherlands has carried out a revision of the national accounts. The Dutch national accounts are recently revised. New statistical sources, methods and concepts are implemented in the national accounts, in order to align the picture of the Dutch economy with all underlying source data and international guidelines for the compilation of the national accounts. This table contains revised data. For further information see section 3.

When will new figures be published? Not applicable anymore.