OECD members debt to gdp ratio for 2022 was 103.11%, a 11.35% decline from 2021.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>OECD members debt to gdp ratio for 2021 was <strong>114.46%</strong>, a <strong>4.57% decline</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>OECD members debt to gdp ratio for 2020 was <strong>119.03%</strong>, a <strong>19.6% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
<li>OECD members debt to gdp ratio for 2019 was <strong>99.43%</strong>, a <strong>0.03% increase</strong> from 2018.</li>
</ul>Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year.

Graph and download economic data for Central government debt, total (% of GDP) for OECD Members (GCDODTOTLGDZSOED) from 1990 to 2022 about OECD Economies, debt, government, and GDP.

The magnitude of government debt and debt-to-GDP ratios varies depending on which measure of debt is used. To promote international comparability, the IMF, the OECD and the World Bank have agreed on a set of standard debt measures, which are defined in the Public Sector Debt Statistics Guide for Compilers and Users and the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014. Government gross debt is shown in four categories: D1 to D4. D1 is the narrowest measure, comprising only two financial instruments: debt securities and loans. D4 (‘total gross debt’) is the broadest measure and includes debt securities, loans, Special Drawing Rights, currency and deposits, other accounts payable and insurance, pensions and standardised guarantees.

The D1 to D3 measures are comparable between OECD countries. D4 is the preferred measure of debt in the international accounting standards (System of National Accounts or SNA) but cross-country comparability is more difficult for D4 because countries have different approaches to recording unfunded pension liabilities for government employees.

For more information, please see the document:
Measuring Government Debt: D1-D4

This dataset provides values for PRIVATE DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

New Zealand NZ: Central Government Debt: Total: % of GDP data was reported at 42.101 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 43.396 % for 2016. New Zealand NZ: Central Government Debt: Total: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 43.396 % from Mar 2003 (Median) to 2017, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.834 % in 2013 and a record low of 31.959 % in 2010. New Zealand NZ: Central Government Debt: Total: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s New Zealand – Table NZ.World Bank.WDI: Government Revenue, Expenditure and Finance. Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year.; ; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average;

Of the G7 countries, Japan had the highest net debt in terms of share of gross domestic product (GDP) between 2010 and 2024. That year, Japan's government's net debt reached an estimated 156 percent of its total GDP. Italy had the second highest debt rate at 127 percent of its GDP, whereas Canada had the lowest at only 14 percent.

Data on Public Sector Debt is for the whole of the public sector which includes financial and non-financial public corporations as well as General Government. The table presents estimates of gross debt broken down by financial instrument (such as debt securities, loans and insurance, pensions and standardized guarantees), by whether the debt is denominated in domestic or foreign currency and by the residence of the creditor. You can also choose breakdowns by maturity using the ‘Original and residual maturity’ filter.

Unless otherwise specified, data is consolidated within sectors and across sectors (meaning that all reciprocal stock positions and flows between units belonging to the same sector and between subsectors of the public sector are eliminated); and results are in nominal values, by contrast with the General Government financial balance sheets which are in market values.

These indicators were presented in the previous dissemination system in the QASA_TABLE7PSD dataset.
Explore also the OECD Government Finances and Public Sector Debt webpage: Government Finances and Public Sector Debt webpage
OECD statistics contact: STAT.Contact@oecd.org

Ireland IE: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Single Hit Scenario data was reported at 74.309 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 71.241 % for 2020. Ireland IE: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Single Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 61.599 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2021, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 120.043 % in 2012 and a record low of 23.616 % in 2006. Ireland IE: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Single Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.EO: Government Accounts: % of GDP: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. GGFLMQ-Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion, as a percentage of GDP

CZ: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Double Hit Scenario data was reported at 44.577 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 40.166 % for 2020. CZ: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Double Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 28.581 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2021, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44.920 % in 2013 and a record low of 11.658 % in 1996. CZ: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Double Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.OECD.EO: Government Accounts: % of GDP: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. GGFLMQ-Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion, as a percentage of GDP

The financial indicators are based on data compiled according to the 2008 SNA "System of National Accounts, 2008". Many indicators are expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or as a percentage of Gross Disposable Income (GDI) when referring to the Households and NPISHs sector. The definition of GDP and GDI are the following:

Gross Domestic Product:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is derived from the concept of value added. Gross value added is the difference of output and intermediate consumption. GDP is the sum of gross value added of all resident producer units plus that part (possibly the total) of taxes on products, less subsidies on products, that is not included in the valuation of output [System of National Accounts, 2008, par. 2.138]. GDP is also equal to the sum of final uses of goods and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured at purchasers’ prices, less the value of imports of goods and services [System of National Accounts, 2008, par. 2.139]. GDP is also equal to the sum of primary incomes distributed by producer units [System of National Accounts, 2008, par. 2.140].

Gross Disposable Income:
Gross Disposable Income (GDI) is equal to net disposable income which is the balancing item of the secondary distribution income account plus the consumption of fixed capital. The use of the Gross Disposable Income (GDI), rather than net disposable income, is preferable for analytical purposes because there are uncertainty and comparability problems with the calculation of consumption of fixed capital. GDI measures the income available to the total economy for final consumption and gross saving [System of National Accounts, 2008, par. 2.145].

Definition of Debt:
Debt is a commonly used concept, defined as a specific subset of liabilities identified according to the types of financial instruments included or excluded. Generally, debt is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Consequently, all debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt [System of National Accounts, 2008, par. 22.104]. According to the SNA, most debt instruments are valued at market prices. However, some countries do not apply this valuation, in particular for securities other than shares, except financial derivatives (AF33). In this dataset, for financial indicators referring to debt, the concept of debt is the one adopted by the SNA 2008 as well as by the International Monetary Fund in “Public Sector Debt Statistics – Guide for compilers and users” (Pre-publication draft, May 2011). Debt is thus obtained as the sum of the following liability categories, whenever available / applicable in the financial balance sheet of the institutional sector:special drawing rights (AF12), currency and deposits (AF2), debt securities (AF3), loans (AF4), insurance, pension, and standardised guarantees (AF6), and other accounts payable (AF8). This definition differs from the definition of debt applied under the Maastricht Treaty for European countries. First, gross debt according to the Maastricht definition excludes not only financial derivatives and employee stock options (AF7) and equity and investment fund shares (AF5) but also insurance pensions and standardised guarantees (AF6) and other accounts payable (AF8). Second, debt according to Maastricht definition is valued at nominal prices and not at market prices.

To view other related indicator datasets, please refer to:
Institutional Investors Indicators [add link]
Household Dashboard [add link]

This table presents a set of selected quarterly indicators highlighting people’s economic well-being. It includes the following indicators (or measures) for households and Non Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISH): real gross disposable income per capita, real final consumption expenditure per capita, the gross savings rate, net cash transfers to households and NPISH, debt and net financial worth. Some other indicators that are relevant for people and households are also provided: real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, consumer confidence, the unemployment rate and the labour underutilisation rate.

The table shows OECD countries, as well as the OECD total, G7, European Union and euro area. Data is presented on an indicator-by-indicator basis. Users are recommended to select one indicator at a time in the ‘Measure’ filter.

See also the visualisation tool: Households' economic well-being: the OECD dashboard

These indicators were presented in the previous dissemination system in the HHDASH dataset. The mapping table between old OECD.Stat and new OECD Data Explorer codes is available here.
See User Guide on Quarterly National Accounts (QNA) in OECD Data Explorer: QNA User guide
Explore also the GDP and non-financial accounts webpage: GDP and non-financial accounts webpage
OECD statistics contact: STAT.Contact@oecd.org

Date of last data update: May 13, 2025

IE: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion data was reported at 32.979 % in 2026. This records a decrease from the previous number of 35.621 % for 2025. IE: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion data is updated yearly, averaging 52.010 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2026, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 118.800 % in 2012 and a record low of 23.620 % in 2006. IE: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.EO: Government Accounts: % of GDP: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. GGFLMQ-Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion, as a percentage of GDP

Goal 17Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable DevelopmentTarget 17.1: Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collectionIndicator 17.1.1: Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP, by sourceGR_G14_GDP: Total government revenue (budgetary central government) as a proportion of GDP (%)GR_G14_XDC: Total government revenue, in local currencyIndicator 17.1.2: Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxesGC_GOB_TAXD: Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxes (% of GDP)Target 17.2: Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national income for official development assistance (ODA/GNI) to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countriesIndicator 17.2.1: Net official development assistance, total and to least developed countries, as a proportion of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee donors’ gross national income (GNI)DC_ODA_SIDSG: Net official development assistance (ODA) to small island states (SIDS) as a percentage of OECD-DAC donors' GNI, by donor countries (%)DC_ODA_LDCG: Net official development assistance (ODA) to LDCs as a percentage of OECD-DAC donors' GNI, by donor countries (%)DC_ODA_LLDC: Net official development assistance (ODA) to landlocked developing countries from OECD-DAC countries, by donor countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)DC_ODA_SIDS: Net official development assistance (ODA) to small island states (SIDS) from OECD-DAC countries, by donor countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)DC_ODA_LDCS: Net official development assistance (ODA) to LDCs from OECD-DAC countries, by donor countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)DC_ODA_LLDCG: Net official development assistance (ODA) to landlocked developing countries as a percentage of OECD-DAC donors' GNI, by donor countries (%)DC_ODA_TOTG: Net official development assistance (ODA) as a percentage of OECD-DAC donors' GNI, by donor countries (%)DC_ODA_TOTL: Net official development assistance (ODA) from OECD-DAC countries, by donor countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)DC_ODA_TOTLGE: Official development assistance (ODA) from OECD-DAC countries on grant equivalent basis, by donor countries (millions of constant 2018 United States dollars)DC_ODA_TOTGGE: Official development assistance (ODA) as a percentage of OECD-DAC donors' GNI on grant equivalent basis, by donor countries (%)Target 17.3: Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sourcesIndicator 17.3.1: Foreign direct investment, official development assistance and South-South cooperation as a proportion of gross national incomeGF_FRN_FDI: Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows (millions of US dollars)Indicator 17.3.2: Volume of remittances (in United States dollars) as a proportion of total GDPBX_TRF_PWKR: Volume of remittances (in United States dollars) as a proportion of total GDP (%)Target 17.4: Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distressIndicator 17.4.1: Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and servicesDT_TDS_DECT: Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services (%)Target 17.5: Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countriesIndicator 17.5.1: Number of countries that adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for developing countries, including the least developed countriesSG_CPA_SIGN_BIT: Number of countries with a signed bilateral investment treaty (BIT) (Number)SG_CPA_INFORCE_BIT: Number of countries with an inforce bilateral investment treaty (BIT) (Number)Target 17.6: Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge-sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanismIndicator 17.6.1: Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by speed5IT_NET_BBNDN: Number of fixed Internet broadband subscriptions, by speed (number)IT_NET_BBND: Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by speed (per 100 inhabitants)Target 17.7: Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreedIndicator 17.7.1: Total amount of funding for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologiesTarget 17.8: Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technologyIndicator 17.8.1: Proportion of individuals using the InternetIT_USE_ii99: Internet users per 100 inhabitantsTarget 17.9: Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the Sustainable Development Goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperationIndicator 17.9.1: Dollar value of financial and technical assistance (including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation) committed to developing countriesDC_FTA_TOTAL: Total official development assistance (gross disbursement) for technical cooperation (millions of 2018 United States dollars)Target 17.10: Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development AgendaIndicator 17.10.1: Worldwide weighted tariff-averageTM_TAX_WMFN: Worldwide weighted tariff-average, most-favoured-nation status, by type of product (%)TM_TAX_WMPS: Worldwide weighted tariff-average, preferential status, by type of product (%)Target 17.11: Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020Indicator 17.11.1: Developing countries’ and least developed countries’ share of global exportsTX_IMP_GBMRCH: Developing countries’ and least developed countries’ share of global merchandise imports (%)TX_EXP_GBMRCH: Developing countries’ and least developed countries’ share of global merchandise exports (%)TX_EXP_GBSVR: Developing countries’ and least developed countries’ share of global services exports (%)TX_IMP_GBSVR: Developing countries’ and least developed countries’ share of global services imports (%)Target 17.12: Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market accessIndicator 17.12.1: Weighted average tariffs faced by developing countries, least developed countries and small island developing StatesTM_TAX_DMFN: Average tariff applied by developed countries, most-favored nation status, by type of product (%)TM_TAX_DPRF: Average tariff applied by developed countries, preferential status, by type of product (%)Target 17.13: Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherenceIndicator 17.13.1: Macroeconomic DashboardTarget 17.14: Enhance policy coherence for sustainable developmentIndicator 17.14.1: Number of countries with mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable developmentSG_CPA_SDEVP: Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development (%)Target 17.15: Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable developmentIndicator 17.15.1: Extent of use of country-owned results frameworks and planning tools by providers of development cooperationSG_PLN_PRVRIMON: Proportion of results indicators which will be monitored using government sources and monitoring systems - data by provider (%)SG_PLN_RECRIMON: Proportion of results indicators which will be monitored using government sources and monitoring systems - data by recipient (%)SG_PLN_PRVNDI: Proportion of project objectives of new development interventions drawn from country-led result frameworks - data by provider (%)SG_PLN_RECNDI: Proportion of project objectives in new development interventions drawn from country-led result frameworks - data by recipient (%)SG_PLN_PRVRICTRY: Proportion of results indicators drawn from country-led results frameworks - data by provider (%)SG_PLN_RECRICTRY: Proportion of results indicators drawn from country-led results frameworks - data by recipient (%)SG_PLN_REPOLRES: Extent of use of country-owned results frameworks and planning tools by providers of development cooperation - data by recipient (%) SG_PLN_PRPOLRES: Extent of use of country-owned results frameworks and planning tools by providers of

United States US: Central Government Debt: Total: % of GDP data was reported at 99.457 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 97.375 % for 2015. United States US: Central Government Debt: Total: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 54.468 % from Sep 1989 (Median) to 2016, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.457 % in 2016 and a record low of 15.109 % in 2001. United States US: Central Government Debt: Total: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Government Revenue, Expenditure and Finance. Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year.; ; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average;

Lithuania LT: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Double Hit Scenario data was reported at 53.224 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 48.883 % for 2020. Lithuania LT: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Double Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 23.488 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2021, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 53.224 % in 2021 and a record low of 11.520 % in 1995. Lithuania LT: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Double Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Lithuania – Table LT.OECD.EO: Government Accounts: % of GDP: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. GGFLMQ-Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion, as a percentage of GDP

In 2024, the U.S. GDP increased from the previous year to about 29.18 trillion U.S. dollars. Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within a country. In 2024, the United States has the largest economy in the world. What is GDP? Gross domestic product is one of the most important indicators used to analyze the health of an economy. GDP is defined by the BEA as the market value of goods and services produced by labor and property in the United States, regardless of nationality. It is the primary measure of U.S. production. The OECD defines GDP as an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident, institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs). GDP and national debt Although the United States had the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world in 2022, this does not tell us much about the quality of life in any given country. GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) is an economic measurement that is thought to be a better method for comparing living standards across countries because it accounts for domestic inflation and variations in the cost of living. While the United States might have the largest economy, the country that ranked highest in terms of GDP at PPP was Luxembourg, amounting to around 141,333 international dollars per capita. Singapore, Ireland, and Qatar also ranked highly on the GDP PPP list, and the United States ranked 9th in 2022.

LU: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Double Hit Scenario data was reported at 33.227 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 24.856 % for 2020. LU: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Double Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 14.904 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2021, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33.227 % in 2021 and a record low of 6.947 % in 2003. LU: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion: Double Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.OECD.EO: Government Accounts: % of GDP: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. GGFLMQ-Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion, as a percentage of GDP

This dataset FDI flows main aggregates, BMD4 is updated every quarter and includes annual and quarterly aggregate Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows for OECD member countries and for non-OECD G20 countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia and South Africa), which are included in Balance of Payments (BOP) accounts.

FDI flows record the value of cross-border transactions related to direct investment during a given period of time, usually a quarter or a year, and consist of equity transactions, reinvestment of earnings, and intercompany debt transactions.

In this dataset, FDI flows are presented on two different basis:

• the asset/liability presentation: FDI statistics are organised according to whether the investment relates to an asset or a liability for the country compiling the statistics. The asset/liability presentation does not show the direction of influence as the directional presentation does.
• the directional presentation: FDI statistics are organised according to the direction of the investment for the reporting economy—either outward or inward.

For more details on the difference between the two presentations, see the OECD note Implementing latest international standards-Asset liability versus directional presentation

FDI flows aggregates in this dataset are measured in USD millions, in millions of national currency and as a share of GDP.

In 2014, many countries implemented the latest international standards for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) statistics:

• the OECD’s Benchmark Definition of FDI, 4th edition (BMD4); and
• the IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, 6th edition (BPM6)

This OECD database was launched in March 2015 which includes the data series reported by national experts according to BMD4. The data are for the most part based on balance of payments statistics published by Central Banks and Statistical Offices following the recommendations of the IMF’s BPM6 and the OECD’s BMD4. However, some of the data relate to other sources such as notifications or approvals.

Historical and unrevised series of FDI flows aggregates under the previous BMD3 methodology can be accessed in the archived dataset FDI series of BOP and IIP aggregates

The Institutional Investors’ Indicators table shows total financial assets and liabilities of the three types of institutional investor - investment funds, insurance corporations and pension funds - as a percentage of GDP. It also provides a breakdown of the total assets (liabilities) of each type of institutional investor by main financial instrument category: currency and deposits; debt securities; loans; equity and investment fund shares; insurance, pensions and standardised guarantees; financial derivatives and employee stock options; and other accounts receivable/payable. The financial instrument categories are shown as a share (percentage) of the total assets (liabilities) of each type of institutional investor.

For investment funds, there is also a breakdown of total assets by type of investment fund: real estate, equity, bond, mixed, hedge and other funds; and a breakdown of total assets and liabilities by whether they belong to money market funds (MMFs) or non-MMFs and to open-ended or closed-ended funds.

All the indicators in this dataset are derived from the Institutional Investors' Assets and Liabilities dataset.

Czech Republic CZ: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion data was reported at 45.679 % in 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 45.259 % for 2025. Czech Republic CZ: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion data is updated yearly, averaging 32.532 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2026, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 45.679 % in 2026 and a record low of 11.515 % in 1996. Czech Republic CZ: General Government: % of GDP: Gross Public Debt: Maastricht Criterion data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.OECD.EO: Government Accounts: % of GDP: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual. GGFLMQ-Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion, as a percentage of GDP