The inflation rate in the United States is expected to decrease to 2.1 percent by 2029. 2022 saw a year of exceptionally high inflation, reaching eight percent for the year. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84. In economics, the inflation rate is a measurement of inflation, the rate of increase of a price index (in this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in prices level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. According to the forecast, prices will increase by 2.9 percent in 2024. The annual inflation rate for previous years can be found here and the consumer price index for all urban consumers here. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can also be accessed here. Inflation in the U.S.Inflation is a term used to describe a general rise in the price of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. Inflation in the United States is calculated using the consumer price index (CPI). The consumer price index is a measure of change in the price level of a preselected market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. This forecast of U.S. inflation was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. They project that inflation will stay higher than average throughout 2023, followed by a decrease to around roughly two percent annual rise in the general level of prices until 2028. Considering the annual inflation rate in the United States in 2021, a two percent inflation rate is a very moderate projection. The 2022 spike in inflation in the United States and worldwide is due to a variety of factors that have put constraints on various aspects of the economy. These factors include COVID-19 pandemic spending and supply-chain constraints, disruptions due to the war in Ukraine, and pandemic related changes in the labor force. Although the moderate inflation of prices between two and three percent is considered normal in a modern economy, countries’ central banks try to prevent severe inflation and deflation to keep the growth of prices to a minimum. Severe inflation is considered dangerous to a country’s economy because it can rapidly diminish the population’s purchasing power and thus damage the GDP .

The annual GDP deflation in Czechia increased over the observed period and reached 8.1 percent in 2023. The highest figure observed was in 2022 at 8.7 percent.

International Financial Statistics (IFS) is a standard source of international statistics on all aspects of international and domestic finance. It reports, for most countries of the world, current data needed in the analysis of problems of international payments and of inflation and deflation, i.e., data on exchange rates, international liquidity, international banking, money and banking, interest rates, prices, production, international transactions, government accounts, and national accounts. Last update in UNdata: 14 May 2010 If you need more current data, the IMF has made their current database available for bulk download for personal use.

Acknowledgements

This dataset was kindly published by the United Nations on the UNData site. You can find the original dataset here.

License

Per the UNData terms of use: all data and metadata provided on UNdata’s website are available free of charge and may be copied freely, duplicated and further distributed provided that UNdata is cited as the reference.

Yield to maturity on accrued principal. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, or TIPS, are securities whose principal is tied to the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The principal increases with inflation and decreases with deflation. When the security matures, the U.S. Treasury pays the original or adjusted principal, whichever is greater. Copyright, 2016, Haver Analytics. Reprinted with permission.

The statistic shows the inflation rate in India from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The inflation rate is calculated using the price increase of a defined product basket. This product basket contains products and services, on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. They include expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. In 2024, the inflation rate in India was around 4.67 percent compared to the previous year. See figures on India's economic growth for additional information. India's inflation rate and economy Inflation is generally defined as the increase of prices of goods and services over a certain period of time, as opposed to deflation, which describes a decrease of these prices. Inflation is a significant economic indicator for a country. The inflation rate is the rate at which the general rise in the level of prices, goods and services in an economy occurs and how it affects the cost of living of those living in a particular country. It influences the interest rates paid on savings and mortgage rates but also has a bearing on levels of state pensions and benefits received. A 4 percent increase in the rate of inflation in 2011 for example would mean an individual would need to spend 4 percent more on the goods he was purchasing than he would have done in 2010. India’s inflation rate has been on the rise over the last decade. However, it has been decreasing slightly since 2010. India’s economy, however, has been doing quite well, with its GDP increasing steadily for years, and its national debt decreasing. The budget balance in relation to GDP is not looking too good, with the state deficit amounting to more than 9 percent of GDP.

The consumer price index (CPI) of hairdressing and beauty salons increased overall in Norway from 2010 to 2023. In 2023, the average CPI in Norway was measured at 133.5, where the average in 2015 was set to 100, which means that sales on average increased by over 30 percent that year compared to back then.

This index measures changes in average costs of most consumer goods and services. It reports inflation and deflation (rising and falling prices).

In 2024, Japan had an average inflation rate estimated at 2.74 percent, marking the highest rate of inflation in Japan in almost a decade. However, this figure was still very low compared to most other major economies, such as Japan's fellow G7 members, four of which had inflation rates around six or seven percent in 2023 due to the global inflation crisis. Why is Japan's inflation rate lower? There are a number of contributing factors to Japan's relatively low inflation rate, even during economic crises. Japan eased its Covid restrictions more slowly than most other major economies, this prevented post-pandemic consumer spending that may have driven inflation through supply chain issues caused by higher demand. As the majority of Japan's food and energy comes from overseas, and has done so for decades, the government has mechanisms in place to prevent energy and wheat prices from rising too quickly. Because of this, Japan was able to shield its private sector from many of the negative knock on effects from Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which had a significant impact on both sectors globally. Persistent deflation and national debt An additional factor that has eased the impact of inflation on Japan's economy is the fact that it experienced deflation before the pandemic. Deflation has been a persistent problem in Japan since the asset price bubble burst in 1992, and has been symptomatic of Japan's staggering national debt thereafter. For almost 30 years, a combination of quantitative easing, low interest rates (below 0.5 percent since 1995, and at -0.1% since 2016), and a lack of spending due to low wages and an aging population have combined to give Japan the highest national debt in the world in absolute terms, and second-highest debt in relation to its GDP, after Venezuela. Despite this soaring debt, Japan remains the fourth-largest economy in the world, behind the U.S., China, and Germany.

Inflation Rate in China remained unchanged at -0.10 percent in May. This dataset provides - China Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Historical chart and dataset showing Japan inflation rate by year from 1960 to 2024.

Inflation Rate in Switzerland increased to 0.10 percent in June from -0.10 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Switzerland Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation Rate in Japan decreased to 3.50 percent in May from 3.60 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Housing Price Index in India is a statistical measure designed to reflect the changes in housing prices across various regions. It is calculated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) using data from housing transactions, which include registration documents and mortgage data from banks and housing finance companies. The HPI is constructed using a base year, and the price levels of that base year are set at 100. Changes in the index from the base year reflect how housing prices have increased or decreased. The Reserve Bank compiles quarterly house price index (HPI) (base: 2010-11=100) for ten major cities, viz., Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Lucknow, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Kanpur and Kochi. Based on these city indices, the average house price index represents all of India's house price movements. The Housing Price Index (HPI) is a critical economic indicator that measures the changes in residential housing prices over time. In India, the HPI is an essential tool used by policymakers, economists, real estate developers, investors, and homebuyers to gauge the trends in the real estate market. The HPI helps track the inflation or deflation in the housing market, thus providing insights into the economy's overall health.

This repository contains the InSAR displacement products used in Yunjun et al., 2021, GRL (submitted). It includes the InSAR observations (time-series and average velocity) and geodetic modeling results of the Kirishima volcanic complex from ALOS-1 during 2006-2011 and from ALOS-2 during 2015-2019 in both ascending and descending orbits.

SAR data Overview:

ALOS-1 ascending track 424 frame 620-630 (24 June 2006 - 7 April 2011; 29 acquisitions)

ALOS-1 descending track 73 frame 2970-2980 (7 January 2007 - 20 April 2011; 21 acquisitions)

ALOS-2 ascending track 131 frame 620 (30 September 2014 - 2 July 2019; 36 acquisitions)

ALOS-2 descending track 23 frame 2970 (9 Feburay 2015 - 19 August 2019; 49 acquisitions)

InSAR stack in HDF5/MintPy format:

AlosAT424F620_630.tar.gz: https://zenodo.org/record/4499238

AlosDT73F2970_2980.tar.gz: https://zenodo.org/record/4499238

Alos2AT131F620.tar.gz: https://zenodo.org/record/4499208

Alos2DT23F2970.tar.gz: https://zenodo.org/record/4499208

InSAR time-series (for all acquisitions) in HDF-EOS5 format:

ALOS_SM_424_0620_0630_20060624_20110407_N31880_N31980_E130820_E130920.he5

ALOS_SM_073_2970_2980_20070107_20110420_N31880_N31980_E130820_E130920.he5

ALOS2_SM_131_0620_20140930_20190702_N31880_N31980_E130820_E130920.he5

ALOS2_SM_023_2970_20150209_20190819_N31880_N31980_E130820_E130920.he5

InSAR time-series (for acquisitions before destructive eruptions for better spatial coverage) in HDF-EOS5 format:

ALOS_SM_424_0620_0630_20060924_20101120_N31880_N31980_E130820_E130920.he5

ALOS_SM_073_2970_2980_20070107_20110118_N31880_N31980_E130820_E130920.he5

ALOS2_SM_131_0620_20140930_20171010_N31880_N31980_E130820_E130920.he5

ALOS2_SM_023_2970_20150209_20170918_N31880_N31980_E130820_E130920.he5

InSAR average velocity in HDF5/MintPy format:

VEL_ALOS_A424_20080929_20100705.h5

VEL_ALOS_D073_20081012_20100302.h5

VEL_ALOS2_A131_20150106_20171010.h5

VEL_ALOS2_A131_20171219_20190702.h5

VEL_ALOS2_D023_20150209_20170918.h5

VEL_ALOS2_D023_20171211_20190819.h5

Unwrapped interferograms of the 2011 Shinmoe-dake eruption (reconstructed from time-series):

AlosAT424_20100102_20101120.unw (pre-eruptive inflation).

AlosAT424_20101120_20110220.unw (co-eruptive deflation + ash/tephrea deposit)

AlosAT424_tempCoherence.cor (temporal coherence of the time-series)

AlosDT73_20091130_20110118.unw (pre-eruptive inflation)

AlosDT73_20110118_20110305.unw (ash/tephrea deposit)

AlosDT73_tempCoherence.cor (temporal coherence of the time-series)

Unwrapped interferograms of the 2017 Shinmoe-dake eruption (reconstructed from time-series):

Alos2AT131_20161206_20171219.unw (ash/tephrea deposit)

Alos2DT23_20161031_20171211.unw (ash/tephrea deposit)

Geodetic Modeling

Forward model: Compound Dislocation Models (CDM; Nikkhoo et al., 2016; Beauducel et al., 2020)

Inversion software: Geodetic Bayesian Inversion Software (GBIS; Bagnardi and Hooper, 2018)

Inputs: model_data.zip

Outputs:

Deflation at Shinmoe-dake during 2008-2010 phreatic eruptions: model_Shinmoe2008post.zip

Inflation at Shinmoe-dake prior to the October 2017 magmatic eruption: model_Shinmoe2017pre.zip

Inflation at Iwo-yama before October 2017: model_Iwo2017pre.zip

Inflation at Iwo-yama after December 2017: model_Iwo2017post.zip

Useful links:

HDF-EOS5 file (*.he5) structure is described in https://mintpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/hdfeos5/.

HDF5/MintPy file (*.h5) structure is described in https://mintpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/data_structure/.

Related Jupyter Notebooks at https://github.com/geodesymiami/2021_Kirishima.

The consumer price index (CPI) of soap for hand wash (two pieces a pack) increased strongly in Norway from 2010 to 2021. In 2021, the average CPI of hand soap in Norway was measured at 135.5, where the year 2015 equals 100.

This index measures changes in average costs of most consumer goods and services. It reports inflation and deflation (rising and falling prices).

Inflation Rate in Indonesia increased to 1.87 percent in June from 1.60 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Indonesia Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In July 2010, the area around the lower east catchment basin at Intrepid Potash, Inc.’s East Mine was disturbed to allow for road and additional access around the pond. A series of ponds around the East mine tailings pile are designed to store brine water for re-use in the processing plant. The lower east catchment basin is the last pond in this series of ponds. The construction of additional access was required for water management activities during a high precipitation event that eventually required Intrepid to release water from a discharge structure at the lower east catchment basin into Nash Draw drainage. The BLM-CFO identified two known archaeological sites in the vicinity of the catchment basins that would be adversely affected by the construction and cleanup activities. These are LA 124525 and LA 161918. This document contains a summary of the data recovery work conducted at LA 124525 and LA 161918 to mitigate any adverse effect. Data recovery including surface collection, the treatment of features, prospection for additional features, and geomorphological studies conducted at LA 124525.

The statistic shows the inflation rate in Spain from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The inflation rate is calculated using the price increase of a defined product basket. This product basket contains products and services, on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. They include expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. In 2023, the average inflation rate in Spain increased by about 3.4 percent compared to the previous year. Inflation in Spain As explained briefly above, inflation is commonly defined as the level of prices for goods and services in a country’s economy over a certain time span. It increases when the total money supply of a country increases, causing the money’s value to decrease, and prices to increase again in turn. Nowadays the term “inflation” is used more or less synonymously with “price level increase”. Its opposite is deflation, which, in short, means a decrease of the price level. Spain and its economy have been severely affected by the financial crisis of 2008 (as can be seen above), when the real estate bubble imploded and caused the demand for goods and services to decrease and the unemployment rate in Spain to increase dramatically. Even though deflation only occurred for one year in 2009 and the price level has been increasing since, Spain’s economy still has a long way to go until full recovery. Apart from the inflation rate and the unemployment rate, gross domestic product / GDP growth in Spain and the trade balance of goods in Spain, i.e. the exports of goods minus the imports, are additional indicators of Spain’s desolate condition during the economic crisis and its slow and difficult recovery ever since. Still, there is a silver lining for Spain’s economy. All in all, things seems to be improving economically, albeit slowly; many key indicators are starting to stabilize or even pick up again, while others still have some recovering to do.

This spreadsheet gathers all the evidence we have to date on the pricing of the Proceedings of the Royal Society (1831-1905) and its successor series A and B (1905-2015)

Any attempt to analyse price trends over a long period of time must note that:

Britain used the imperial system of currency (£ s d) until 1970, and then went decimal.

The amount of printed material that the Royal Society issued 'per year' or 'per volume' varied considerably, and this is often the cause of the price variation (rather than, for instance, increases in the price of paper or printing).

The Royal Society did not set its prices 'per year' until 1986. Prices before 1986 may be 'per issue' or 'per volume' (and there may be multiple volumes per year, or fractional volumes per year).

The first tab in this workbook collates information on the prices of the 'volumes' of the Proceedings 1831-1905. A separate pair of columns recalculate that data, where possible, into a 'price for a year's-worth of printed matter'

The second and third tabs give price data for Proceedings A and Proceedings B after 1905. In each tab, there is a conversion to 'price for a year's worth of printed matter'. There is also a column showing the prices adjusted for inflation (normalised to 2010£)

The final tab has the deflation adjuster data, from MeasuringWorth.com

The sources from which these prices are gathered are eclectic. The Royal Society has no master list of prices. Occasionally, prices were mentioned in the Royal Society Council Minutes (RS/CMO or RS/CMP) The ledgers of the Taylor & Francis archive were useful for the period when T&F printed for the Royal Society (i.e. 1828-77) The English Catalogue of Books (ECB) was useful for the late nineteenth century

The so-called Big Mac index is regarded as an indicator for the purchasing power of an economy. In 2025, the average price for a Big Mac burger in Chile was estimated at 4.55 U.S. dollars. Big Mac IndexThe Bic Mac index has been published annually by The Economist since 1986 and is rated as a simplified indicator of a country’s individual purchasing power. As many countries have different currencies, the standardized Big Mac prices are calculated by converting the average national Big Mac prices with the latest exchange rate to U.S. dollars.The Big Mac, as the top-selling McDonald’s burger, is used for comparison because it is available in almost every country and manufactured in a standardized size, composition, and quality. McDonald’s is a worldwide operating fast food restaurant chain with headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois. In Latin America, McDonald's largest franchisee is Arcos Dorados Holdings, with headquarters in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Inflation in Chile During 2022, the inflation rate of Chile was 11.25 percent, in general, price increases in the South American country remained low from 2009 to 2021. Nonetheless, with the global inflation crisis in the following years the rate increased significantly. Still, Chile remains with an inflation lower than the Latin America average. Moreover, price increases have been impacting sectors differently, in June 2023, the industry with the highest inter-annual Consumer Price Index (CPI) was alcoholic beverages and tobacco, in contrast, the communications sector recorded a slight deflation.

In 2021, the inflation rate in Ghana amounted to about 9.98 percent compared to the previous year. Ghana’s inflation peaked at almost 17.5 percent in 2016 and is predicted to decrease to 8 percent by 2030. Steady is best for inflationAccording to economists, a steady inflation rate between two and three percent is desirable to achieve a stable economy in a country. Inflation is the increase in the price level of consumer goods and services over a certain time period. A high inflation rate is often caused by excessive money supply and can turn into hyperinflation, i.e. if inflation occurs too quickly and rapidly, it can devalue currency and cause a recession and even economic collapse. This scenario is currently taking place in Venezuela , for example. The opposite of inflation, the decrease in the price level of goods and services below zero percent, is called deflation. While hyperinflation devalues money, deflation usually increases its value. Both events can damage an economy severely. Is Ghana’s economy at risk?Ghana’s economy is considered quite stable and fast-growing, and is rich in oil, diamonds, and gold. After struggling in the years around 2015 due to increased government spending and plummeting oil prices, it is now on an upswing again. This is also reflected in the decreasing inflation rate, and other key indicators like unemployment and rapid GDP growth support this theory. However, Ghana’s government debt is still struggling with the consequences of the 2015 crisis and forecast to keep skyrocketing during the next few years.