The LIDAR Composite DTM (Digital Terrain Model) is a raster elevation model covering ~99% of England at 1m spatial resolution. The DTM (Digital Terrain Model) is produced from the last or only laser pulse returned to the sensor. We remove surface objects from the Digital Surface Model (DSM), using bespoke algorithms and manual editing of the data, to produce a terrain model of just the surface.

Produced by the Environment Agency in 2022, the DTM is derived from a combination of our Time Stamped archive and National LIDAR Programme surveys, which have been merged and re-sampled to give the best possible coverage. Where repeat surveys have been undertaken the newest, best resolution data is used. Where data was resampled a bilinear interpolation was used before being merged.

The 2022 LIDAR Composite contains surveys undertaken between 6th June 2000 and 2nd April 2022. Please refer to the metadata index catalgoues which show for any location which survey was used in the production of the LIDAR composite.

The data is available to download as GeoTiff rasters in 5km tiles aligned to the OS National grid. The data is presented in metres, referenced to Ordinance Survey Newlyn and using the OSTN’15 transformation method. All individual LIDAR surveys going into the production of the composite had a vertical accuracy of +/-15cm RMSE.

The LIDAR Composite First Return DSM (Digital Surface Model) is a raster elevation model covering ~99% of England at 1m spatial resolution. The first return DSM is produced from the first or only laser pulse returned to the sensor and includes heights of objects, such as vehicles, buildings and vegetation, as well as the terrain surface where the first or only return was the ground.

Produced by the Environment Agency in 2022, the first return DSM is derived from data captured as part of our national LIDAR programme between 11 November 2016 and 5th May 2022. This programme divided England into ~300 blocks for survey over continuous winters from 2016 onwards. These surveys are merged together to create the first return LIDAR composite using a feathering technique along the overlaps to remove any small differences in elevation between surveys. Please refer to the metadata index catalgoues which show for any location which survey was used in the production of the LIDAR composite.

The first return DSM will not match in coverage or extent of the LIDAR composite last return digital surface model (LZ_DSM) as the last return DSM composite is produced from both the national LIDAR programme and Timeseries surveys.

The data is available to download as GeoTiff rasters in 5km tiles aligned to the OS National grid. The data is presented in metres, referenced to Ordinance Survey Newlyn and using the OSTN’15 transformation method. All individual LIDAR surveys going into the production of the composite had a vertical accuracy of +/-15cm RMSE.

The LIDAR DSM (Digital Surface Model) Time Stamped Tiles product is an archive of raster elevation data produced by the Environment Agency. Site specific surveys have been carried out across England since 1998, with certain areas, such as the coastal zone, being surveyed multiple times. Data is available at varying resolutions of 25cm, 50cm, 1m and 2m, depending on project requirements.

The DSM (Digital Surface Model) is produced from the last return LIDAR signal and includes heights of objects, such as vehicles, buildings and vegetation, as well as the terrain surface.

Available to download as Geotiff rasters in 5km zips, data is presented in metres, referenced to Ordinance Survey Newlyn and data aligned to the OS Grid. All LIDAR data has a vertical accuracy of +/-15cm RMSE. The transformation used on the data is specific to the time period of survey.

Please refer to the metadata index catalogue which show, for any location, what time stamped data is available, the specific dates of survey, resolution of product and what transformation and geoidal model used.

The LIDAR point cloud is an archive of hundreds of millions, or sometimes billions of highly accurate 3-dimensional x,y,z points and component attributes produced by the Environment Agency.

The environment agecy site specific LIDAR DSM and DTM Time Stamped Tiles gridded raster products are derived from the point cloud. The component attributes a point cloud contains can provide valuable additional information to supplement elevation and can enable the user to make bespoke raster products such as canopy height models or intensity rasters.

Site specific LIDAR surveys have been carried out across England since 1998, with certain areas, such as the coastal zone, being surveyed multiple times. The point cloud is available for surveys going back to 2006. Although the DSM and DTM Tile Stamped Tiles products are derived from the point cloud data there may not necessarily be a matching point cloud for each surface model due to historic data archiving processes.

During processing the point cloud classifies the laser returns in the 'ground' and 'surface objects'. Further manual editing undertkaen on the derived digital terrain model (DTM) means the classifed ground points in the point cloud data will not match the final derived DTM.

Data is available in 5km download zip files for each year of survey. Within each downloaded zip file are LAZ files aligned to the Ordinance Survey grid. The size of each tile is dependent upon the spatial resolution of the data.

Please refere to the coverage metadata files for the start and end date flown of a survey as well as additional component information the point cloud contains such as the average point density.

This data is no longer available on the Defra Data Services Platform.

Visit Scottish Remote Sensing Portal to access the latest LIDAR data for Scotland: https://remotesensingdata.gov.scot/data#/list

This metadata record is for Approval for Access product AfA458. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is an airborne mapping technique, which uses a laser to measure the distance between the aircraft and the ground. Up to 300,000 measurements per second are made of the ground, allowing highly detailed terrain models to be generated at spatial resolutions of between 25cm and 2 metres. The Environment Agency’s LIDAR data archive contains digital elevation data derived from surveys carried out by the Environment Agency's specialist remote sensing team. This dataset is derived from a combination of our full dataset which has been merged and re-sampled to give the best possible coverage. Data is available at 2m, 1m, 50cm, and 25cm resolution. The dataset can be supplied as a Digital Surface Model produced from the signal returned to the LIDAR (which includes heights of objects, such as vehicles, buildings and vegetation, as well as the terrain surface) or as a Digital Terrain Model produced by removing objects from the Digital Surface Model. The dataset can be presented as an ESRI Binary Grid which contains height values, or as a georeferenced JPEG which is an image showing what LIDAR looks like when loaded into specialist software. Attribution statement: Visit Scottish Remote Sensing Portal for information.

The LIDAR Composite DTM (Digital Terrain Model) is a raster elevation model covering ~99% of England at 2m spatial resolution. The DTM (Digital Terrain Model) is produced from the last or only laser pulse returned to the sensor. We remove surface objects from the Digital Surface Model (DSM), using bespoke algorithms and manual editing of the data, to produce a terrain model of just the surface.

Produced by the Environment Agency in 2022, the DTM is derived from a combination of our Time Stamped archive and National LIDAR Programme surveys, which have been merged and re-sampled to give the best possible coverage. Where repeat surveys have been undertaken the newest, best resolution data is used. Where data was resampled a bilinear interpolation was used before being merged.

The 2022 LIDAR Composite contains surveys undertaken between 6th June 2000 and 2nd April 2022. Please refer to the metadata index catalgoues which show for any location which survey was used in the production of the LIDAR composite.

The data is available to download as GeoTiff rasters in 5km tiles aligned to the OS National grid. The data is presented in metres, referenced to Ordinance Survey Newlyn and using the OSTN’15 transformation method. All individual LIDAR surveys going into the production of the composite had a vertical accuracy of +/-15cm RMSE.

🇬🇧 United Kingdom English The Environment Agency National LIDAR Programme provides accurate elevation data at 1m spatial resolution for all of England. In 2017 we divided the country into 302 survey blocks covering all of England which were subsequently captured during the winter months (approximately November to April each year) between January 2017 and February 2023. These are known as our 'Phase 1' national lidar programme surveys. Subsequently we have undertaken repeat surveys of specific blocks based on the on-going requirements for upto date elevation data. Each repeat survey block is given a new incrementing phase number, for example the second time we capture a block this is that blocks 'phase 2' whilst the 3rd time will be 'phase 3'. There is not curretly a plan to capture all the origianl phase 1 survey blocks over a rolling programme with repeat surveys be based on the requirements for upto date elevation data for an area. All data is published through the DEFRA Data Services survey portal on a quartely on-going bases and a number of different products area available for each survey block. All products are available in 5km tiles aligned to the ordnance survey grid. The tiles are named by the unique survey id, OS grid reference and the first and last survey date of the survey id (P_XXXXX_OSOSOS_SDFLOWN_EDFLOWN.*). The surface models are available in GeoTiff raster format whilst the point cloud is available in *.laz. An index catalogue is also available with provides survey specific information about each tile. Outlined below is a description of each product that is available for each survey block: LIDAR Point Cloud: is the discrete LIDAR returns that are used in the creation of the surface models. Supplied in *.laz format they the discrete LIDAR returns have been classified into ground, low, medium and high vegetation classes using an automated classification process. Digital Surface Model(s) (DSM) are created from the last or only LIDAR pulse returned to the sensor and contains all ground and surface objects. Digital Terrain Model(s) (DTM) is created from the last return LIDAR pulse classified as ground, filtering out surface objects. Manual filtering is undertaken on the DTM to improve the automated classification routines to produce a most likely ground surface model. Areas of no data, such as water bodies, are also filled to ensure there are no gaps in the model. First Return Digital Surface Model(s) (FZ DSM) is created from the either the first or only LIDAR pulse returned to the sensor and contains all ground and surface objects. It is more likely to return elevations from the top or near top of trees and the edges of buildings. It can often be used in canopy height modelling and production of building outlines. Intensity Surface Model(s) (Int DSM) is a measure of the amount of laser light from each laser pulse reflecting from an object. This reflectivity is a function of the near infrared wavelength used and varies with the composition of the surface object reflecting the return and angle of incidence.The intensity surface model produces a grayscale image where darker surfaces such as roads reflect less light than other surfaces such as vegetation. Attribution statement: © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2022. All rights reserved.

The LIDAR Composite DTM/DSM is a raster terrain model covering ~99% of England at 1m spatial resolution, produced by the UK Environment Agency in 2022. The model contains 3 bands of terrain data: a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), a first return Digital Surface Model (DSM), and a last return DSM. …

This dataset contains height, foliage height diversity, mean crown area, tree count, bedrock, elevation, age, aspect and slope data for woodlands under 1ha in size that were also covered by Defra’s LiDAR survey in the year 2011 in the Isle of Wight. These data were collected to see if the presence of an adjacent older neighbour affects woodland structure and height in recently created woodlands. Data was processed by the author under NERC Grant NE/S007458/1 PANORAMA - A Yorkshire partnership for training in environmental careers

Defra Network WMS server provided by the Environment Agency

Národní program LIDAR agentury pro životní prostředí poskytuje přesné údaje o nadmořské výšce při prostorovém rozlišení 1 m pro celou Anglii.

V roce 2017 jsme zemi rozdělili do 302 průzkumných bloků pokrývajících celou Anglii, které byly následně zachyceny během zimních měsíců (přibližně od listopadu do dubna každého roku) od ledna 2017 do února 2023.Jedná se o tzv. průzkumy národního lidarového programu "Fáze 1".

Následně jsme provedli opakované průzkumy konkrétních bloků na základě aktuálních požadavků na aktuální údaje o nadmořské výšce. Každému bloku opakovaného průzkumu je přiděleno nové inkrementální číslo fáze, například při druhém zachycení bloku to znamená, že bloky "fáze 2", zatímco třetí čas bude "fáze 3".Na základě požadavků na aktuální údaje o nadmořské výšce pro danou oblast neexistuje žádný konkrétní plán na zachycení všech bloků průzkumu první fáze v rámci klouzavého programu s opakovanými průzkumy.

Všechna data jsou zveřejňována prostřednictvím portálu průzkumu DEFRA Data Services na kvartálně probíhajících základech a v řadě různých oblastí produktů, které jsou k dispozici pro každý blok průzkumu. Všechny produkty jsou k dispozici v 5 km dlaždicích zarovnaných k muniční průzkumné mřížce. Dlaždice jsou pojmenovány jedinečným identifikačním číslem průzkumu, odkazem na souřadnicovou síť operačního systému a datem prvního a posledního identifikačního čísla průzkumu (P_XXXXX_OSOSOSOS_SDFLOWN_EDFLOWN.*). Povrchové modely jsou k dispozici v rastrovém formátu GeoTiff, zatímco mračno bodů je k dispozici v *.laz.Indexový katalog je také k dispozici s poskytuje průzkum konkrétní informace o každé dlaždice.

Níže je uveden popis každého produktu, který je k dispozici pro každý blok průzkumu:

Databáze řešení - LIDAR Point Cloud je diskrétní LIDAR výnosy, které se používají při vytváření povrchových modelů.Diskrétní výnosy LIDAR dodávané ve formátu *.laz byly automatizovaným klasifikačním procesem klasifikovány do pozemních, nízkých, středních a vysokých vegetačních tříd.

Digitální model (modely) povrchu (DSM) jsou vytvořeny z posledního nebo jediného LIDAR impulsu vráceného do snímače a obsahují všechny pozemní a povrchové objekty.

Digitální model (modely) terénu (DTM) je vytvořen z posledního zpětného LIDAR pulsu klasifikovaného jako země, filtrování povrchových objektů. Ruční filtrování se provádí na DTM, aby se zlepšily automatizované klasifikační postupy pro vytvoření nejpravděpodobnějšího modelu povrchu země.Oblasti bez údajů, jako jsou vodní útvary, jsou rovněž vyplněny, aby se zajistilo, že v modelu nebudou žádné mezery.

První návratový digitální model (modely) povrchu (FZ DSM) je vytvořen buď z prvního nebo jediného LIDAR impulsu vráceného do snímače a obsahuje všechny pozemní a povrchové objekty. Je pravděpodobnější, že vrátí nadmořskou výšku z horního nebo blízkého vrcholu stromů a okrajů budov.Často se používá při modelování výšky baldachýnu a při výrobě obrysů budov.

Intensity Surface Model(s) (Int DSM) je míra množství laserového světla z každého laserového pulsu odrážejícího se od objektu. Tato odrazivost je funkcí použité blízké infračervené vlnové délky a mění se podle složení povrchu objektu odrážejícího návrat a úhel dopadu.Model intenzity povrchu vytváří obraz ve stupních šedi, kde tmavší povrchy, jako jsou silnice, odrážejí méně světla než jiné povrchy, jako je vegetace. Prohlášení o přiřazení: © Autorské právo a/nebo právo databáze agentury pro životní prostředí 2022. Všechna práva vyhrazena.

The Environment Agency LIDAR Ground Truth surveys dataset is an archive of elevation points and attribute information that have been independently surveyed to verify the accuracy of the EA's LIDAR timestamped surveys. Captured by various independent surveyors, a ground truth survey is a collection of a few hundred points captured on a flat, unambiguous surface such as a tarmac car park or tennis court using GPS. Each ground truth point has an accuracy of +/-3cm R.M.S.E and contains attribute information such as the date of survey, surface type, survey method and transformation and geoidal models used. A ground truth survey may potentially be used for multiple LIDAR surveys provided it is less than 5 years old, or 3 years for coastal projects.

The LIDAR timestamped survey is compared against the ground truth survey to assess the Root Mean Square Error (R.M.S.E), standard deviation and random error of the LIDAR. All LIDAR surveys must report an error of less than +/-15cm RMSE and 10cm for standard deviation and random error to pass quality control. For the specific ground truth results for a LIDAR survey please contact us.

Approximately 3000 individually segmented trees captured with terrestrial LiDAR across three forest types at Kew Wakehurst.

Data includes point clouds in polygon format and TreeQSM Quantitaive Structure Models (QSM) in MATLAB binary format.

Point clouds are British National Grid projection (EPSG:27700) and have the following fields: X, Y, Z, label (TLS2trees (https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14233 derived semantic label) and wood (TLSeparation https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13144 derived semantic label). Point cloud data can be viewed using CloudCompare.

MATLAB format files can be read with open software such as octave and SciPy. Descriptions of QSM fields and methods used to derive QSMs can be found here.

Data was collected as part of the Nature Returns project. Nature Returns is led by Natural England (NE), in partnership with the Environment Agency (EA), Forestry Commission (FC) and Royal Botanic Gardens (RBG) Kew, Wakehurst (Kew, Wakehurst). It is co-sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) and is funded through the HM Treasury’s Shared Outcomes Fund and the Defra Net Zero Research and Development budget.

We would also like to acknowledge the help of Gary Egan, Elloise Budd, Shaun Hooper, Katie, James, David Adams, Russell Croft, Stephen Robinson and Martin Delbridge.

Living England is a multi-year project which delivers a broad habitat map for the whole of England, created using satellite imagery, field data records and other geospatial data in a machine learning framework. The Living England habitat map shows the extent and distribution of broad habitats across England aligned to the UKBAP classification, providing a valuable insight into our natural capital assets and helping to inform land management decisions. Living England is a project within Natural England, funded by and supports the Defra Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) Programme and Environmental Land Management (ELM) Schemes to provide an openly available national map of broad habitats across England.This dataset includes very complex geometry with a large number of features so it has a default viewing distance set to 1:80,000 (City in the map viewer).Process Description:A number of data layers are used to develop a ground dataset of habitat reference data, which are then used to inform a machine-learning model and spatial analyses to generate a map of the likely locations and distributions of habitats across England. The main source data layers underpinning the spatial framework and models are Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 satellite data from the ESA Copernicus programme, Lidar from the EA's national Lidar Programme and collected data through the project's national survey programme. Additional datasets informing the approach as detailed below and outlined in the accompanying technical user guide.Datasets used:OS MasterMap® Topography Layer; Geology aka BGS Bedrock Mapping 1:50k; Long Term Monitoring Network; Uplands Inventory; Coastal Dune Geomatics Mapping Ground Truthing; Crop Map of England (RPA) CROME; Lowland Heathland Survey; National Grassland Survey; National Plant Monitoring Scheme; NE field Unit Surveys; Northumberland Border Mires Survey; Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery; Sentinel-1 backscatter imagery; Sentinel-1 single look complex (SLC) imagery; National forest inventory (NFI); Cranfield NATMAP; Agri-Environment HLS Monitoring; Living England desktop validation; Priority Habitat Inventory; Space2 Eye Lens: Ainsdale NNR, State of the Bog Bowland Survey, State of the Bog Dark Peak Condition Survey, State of the Bog Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) Mountain Hare Habitat Survey Dark Peak, State of the Bog; Moors for the Future Dark Peak Survey; West Pennines Designation NVC Survey; Wetland Annex 1 inventory; Soils-BGS Soil Parent Material; Met Office HadUK gridded climate product; Saltmarsh Extent and Zonation; EA LiDAR DSM & DTM; New Forest Mires Wetland Survey; New Forest Mires Wetland Survey; West Cumbria Mires Survey; England Peat Map Vegetation Surveys; NE protected sites monitoring; ERA5; OS Open Built-up Areas; OS Boundaries dataset; EA IHM (Integrated height model) DTM; OS VectorMap District; EA Coastal Flood Boundary: Extreme Sea Levels; AIMS Spatial Sea Defences; LIDAR Sand Dunes 2022; EA Coastal saltmarsh species surveys; Aerial Photography GB (APGB); NASA SRT (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) M30; Provisional Agricultural Land Classification; Renewable Energy Planning Database (REPD); Open Street Map 2024.Attribute descriptions: Column Heading Full Name Format Description

SegID SegID Character (100) Unique Living England segment identifier. Format is LEZZZZ_BGZXX_YYYYYYY where Z = release year (2223 for this version), X = BGZ and Y = Unique 7-digit number

Prmry_H Primary_Habitat Date Primary Living England Habitat

Relblty Reliability
Character (12) Reliability Metric Score

Mdl_Hbs Model_Habs Interger List of likely habitats output by the Random Forest model.

Mdl_Prb Model_Probs Double (6,2) List of probabilities for habitats listed in ‘Model_Habs’, calculated by the Random Forest model.

Mixd_Sg Mixed_Segment Character (50) Indication of the likelihood a segment contains a mixture of dominant habitats. Either Unlikely or Probable.

Source Source

Description of how the habitat classification was derived. Options are: Random Forest; Vector OSMM Urban; Vector Classified OS Water; Vector EA saltmarsh; LE saltmarsh & QA; Vector RPA Crome, ALC grades 1-4; Vector LE Bare Ground Analysis; LE QA Adjusted

SorcRsn Source_Reason

Reasoning for habitat class adjustment if ‘Source’ equals ‘LE QA Adjusted’

Shap_Ar Shape_Area

Segment area (m2) Full metadata can be viewed on data.gov.uk.

The SurfZone Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was produced in 2019. Combining LIDAR and near-shore multibeam SONAR Bathymetry elevation data, it is the best currently available Digital Elevation Model (DEM) covering the inter-tidal zone produced by the Environment Agency.

The EA SurfZone DEM 2019 is supplied as a tiled raster dataset in GeoTiff format. Each tile is 5km * 5km and aligned to the Ordinance Survey National Grid. Each pixel represents 2 metres spatial resolution on the ground and elevations are presented in metres to Ordinance Survey Great Britain using the OSGM'15 and OSTM'15 transformation models. Elevations are referenced to Newlyn except for the Isles of Scilly which is referenced to St Marys.

The SurfZone DEM was produced by using a bespoke feathering technique to smooth the overlaps between LIDAR and Bathymetric surveys to produce a merged surface. Where small gaps existed between the LIDAR and Bathymetric surveys these were interpolated using a bilinear interpolation technique.

Please refer to the metadata index catalgoues which show for any location which survey was used in the production of the SurfZone DEM. The Metadata Index Catalogue provides information about the source of the survey data used, either LIDAR or Bathymetry for any area as well as the surface type, coastal monitoring region, geoidal model and transformation models used.

All LIDAR data used in the production of the SurfZone DEM was surveyed by the Environment Agency. Bathymetry data was surveyed by the Environment Agency or sourced from the National Network of Regional Coastal Monitoring Programmes of England from the Channel Coastal Observatory (www.channelcoast.org) website. The National Network of Regional Coastal Monitoring Programmes of England comprises of 6 Regional Programmes. When re-using these data, you must use the copyright statements in the licence to acknowledge the individual regions when reusing this dataset.

The National Trees Outside Woodland (TOW) V1 map is a vector product funded by DEFRA’s Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme produced under Forest Research’s Earth Observation for Trees and Woodlands (EOTW) project.

The TOW map identifies canopy cover over 3m tall and 5m2 area which exists outside the National Forest Inventory (National Forest Inventory - Forest Research). Canopy cover is categorised into the following woodland types - lone trees, groups of trees and small woodlands.

The data set was derived from the Vegetation Object Model (VOM) (Environment Agency, EA), the National Lidar Survey (EA), and Sentinel-2 (European Space Agency) imagery using spatial algorithms. The method is fully automated with no manual manipulation or editing. The map and its production method has been quality assured by DEFRA science assurance protocols and assessed for accuracy using ground truth data.

Because the process classifies objects based on proximity to features within OS mapping, there could be some misclassifications of those objects not included in the OS (specifically: static caravans, shipping containers, large tents, marquees, coastal cliffs and solar farms).

This is a first release of this dataset, the quality of the production methods will be reviewed over the next year, and improvements will be made where possible.

The TOW map is available under open government licence and free to download from the Forestry Commission open data download website (Forestry Commission) and view online on the NCEA ArcGIS Online web portal (Trees Outside Woodland). A full report containing details on methodology, accuracy and user guide is available.

TOW map web portal link : ncea.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/sidebar/index.html?appid=cf571f455b444e588aa94bbd22021cd3

FR TOW map web page : https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/tools-and-resources/fthr/trees-outside-woodland-map/

Defra Network WMS server provided by the Environment Agency. See full dataset here.The Most Probable Overland Flow Pathway dataset is a polyline GIS vector dataset that describes the likely flow routes of water along with potential accumulations of diffuse pollution and soil erosion features over the land.It is a complete network for the entire country (England) produced from a hydro-enforced LIDAR 1-metre resolution digital terrain model (bare earth DTM) produced from the 2022 LIDAR Composite 1m Digital Terrain Model. Extensive processing on the data using auxiliary datasets (Selected OS Water Network, OS MasterMap features as well as some manual intervention) has resulted in a hydro-enforced DTM that significantly reduces the amount of non-real-world obstructions in the DTM. Although it does not consider infiltration potential of different land surfaces and soil types, it is instructive in broadly identifying potential problem areas in the landscape.The flow network is based upon theoretical one-hectare flow accumulations, meaning that any point along a network feature is likely to have a minimum of one-hectare of land potentially contributing to it. Each segment is attributed with an estimate of the mean slope along it.The product is comprised of 3 vector datasets; Probable Overland Flow Pathways, Detailed Watershed and Ponding and Errors. Where Flow Direction Grids have been derived, the D8 option was applied. All processing was carried out using ARCGIS Pro’s Spatial Analyst Hydrology tools. Outlined below is a description of each of the feature class.Probable Overland Flow Pathways The Probable Overland Flow Pathways layer is a polyline vector dataset that describes the probable locations accumulation of water over the Earth’s surface where it is assumed that there is no absorption of water through the soil. Every point along each of the features predicts an uphill contribution of a minimum of 1 hectare of land. The hydro-enforced LIDAR Digital Terrain Model 1-Metre Composite (2022) has been used to derive this data layer. Every effort has been used to digitally unblock real-world drainage features; however, some blockages remain (e.g. culverts and bridges. In these places the flow pathways should be disregarded. The Ponding field can be used to identify these erroneous pathways. They are flagged in the Ponding field with a “1”. Flow pathways are also attributed with a mean slope value which is calculated from the Length and the difference of the start and end point elevations. The maximum uphill flow accumulation area is also indicated for each flow pathway feature.Detailed Watersheds The Detailed Watersheds layer is a polygon vector dataset that describes theoretical catchment boundaries that have been derived from pour points extracted from every junction or node of a 1km2 Flow Accumulation dataset. The hydro-enforced LIDAR Digital Terrain Model 1-Metre Composite (2022) has been used to derive this data layer.Ponding Errors The Ponding and Errors layer is a polygon vector dataset that describes the presence of depressions in the landscape after the hydro-enforcing routine has been applied to the Digital Terrain Model. The Type field indicates whether the feature is Off-Line or On-Line. Off-Line is indicative of a feature that intersects with a watercourse and is likely to be an error in the Overland Flow pathways. On-line features do not intersect with watercourses and are more likely to be depressions in the landscape where standing water may accumulate. Only features of greater than 100m2 with a depth of greater than 20cm have been included. The layer was derived by filling the hydro-enforced DTM then subtracting the hydro-enforced DTM from the filled hydro-enforced DTM.Please use with caution in very flat areas and areas with highly modified drainage systems (e.g. fenlands of East Anglia and Somerset Levels). There will occasionally be errors associated with bridges, viaducts and culverts that were unable to be resolved with the hydro-enforcement process.

Ympäristökeskuksen kansallinen LIDAR-ohjelma tarjoaa tarkkoja korkeustietoja 1m: n spatiaalisella resoluutiolla koko Englannissa.
Vuonna 2017 jaoimme maan 302 tutkimuslohkoon, jotka kattoivat koko Englannin ja jotka otettiin myöhemmin talteen talvikuukausina (noin marras-huhtikuussa kunakin vuonna) tammikuun 2017 ja helmikuun 2023 välisenä aikana. Näitä kutsutaan ensimmäisen vaiheen kansallisiksi lidar-ohjelmatutkimuksiksi. Tämän jälkeen olemme suorittaneet toistuvia tiettyjen lohkojen kartoituksia, jotka perustuvat ajantasaisia korkeustietoja koskeviin vaatimuksiin. Jokaiselle toistuvalle tutkimuslohkolle annetaan uusi vaihenumero, esimerkiksi toisen kerran, kun kaappaamme lohkon, tämä on se, että lohkot "vaihe 2", kun taas kolmas aika on "vaihe 3".Ei ole olemassa suoraviivaista suunnitelmaa, jonka mukaan kaikki ensimmäisen vaiheen origianaaliset tutkimuslohkot kerättäisiin jatkuvan ohjelman aikana toistuvilla tutkimuksilla, jotka perustuisivat alueen ajantasaisia korkeustietoja koskeviin vaatimuksiin.

Kaikki tiedot julkaistaan DEFRA Data Services -kyselyportaalin kautta neljännesvuosittain jatkuvalla pohjalla ja useilla eri tuotealueilla, jotka ovat saatavilla kullekin kyselylohkolle. Kaikkia tuotteita on saatavana 5 km:n laatoissa, jotka on sovitettu ampumatarvikekartoitusverkkoon. Laatat nimetään yksilöllisellä kyselytunnuksella, käyttöjärjestelmän ruudukon viitteellä sekä kyselytunnuksen ensimmäisellä ja viimeisellä kyselypäivämäärällä (P_XXXXX_OSOSOSOS_SDFLOWN_EDFLOWN.*). Pintamallit ovat saatavilla GeoTiff-rasterimuodossa, kun taas pistepilvi on saatavilla *.laz-muodossa. Saatavana on myös indeksiluettelo, jossa on kyselykohtaiset tiedot kustakin laatasta.

Alla on kuvaus kustakin tuotteesta, joka on saatavilla kustakin tutkimuslohkosta:

LIDAR Point Cloud -pilvipalvelu: on erilliset LIDAR-palautukset, joita käytetään pintamallien luomisessa. *.laz-muodossa toimitetut erilliset LIDAR-tuotot on luokiteltu maa-, matala-, keski- ja korkeakasvillisuusluokkiin automaattisen luokitteluprosessin avulla.

Digitaaliset pintamallit (DSM) luodaan viimeisestä tai ainoasta anturiin palautetusta LIDAR-pulssista, ja ne sisältävät kaikki maa- ja pintakohteet. Digital Terrain Model(s) (DTM) luodaan viimeisestä LIDAR-pulssista, joka on luokiteltu maahan, suodattamalla pintaobjektit. Manuaalinen suodatus suoritetaan DTM: ssä automatisoitujen luokittelurutiinien parantamiseksi todennäköisimmän maanpinnan mallin tuottamiseksi. Myös alueet, joista ei ole tietoja, kuten vesistöt, täytetään sen varmistamiseksi, että mallissa ei ole aukkoja. First Return Digital Surface Model(s) (FZ DSM) luodaan joko ensimmäisestä tai ainoasta anturiin palautetusta LIDAR-pulssista, ja se sisältää kaikki maa- ja pintaobjektit. On todennäköisempää, että se palauttaa korotukset puiden yläreunasta tai läheltä puiden yläreunaa ja rakennusten reunoja. Sitä voidaan usein käyttää katoksen korkeuden mallinnuksessa ja rakennuksen ääriviivojen tuotannossa.

Intensiteettipintamallit (Int DSM) mittaavat laservalon määrää jokaisesta kohteesta heijastuvasta laserpulssista. Tämä heijastavuus on käytetyn lähi-infrapuna-aallonpituuden funktio ja vaihtelee pintakohteen koostumuksen mukaan, joka heijastaa paluuta ja tulokulmaa.Intensiteetin pintamalli tuottaa harmaasävykuvan, jossa tummemmat pinnat, kuten tiet, heijastavat vähemmän valoa kuin muut pinnat, kuten kasvillisuus. Nimeämisperuste: © Ympäristökeskuksen tekijänoikeus- ja/tai tietokantaoikeus 2022. Kaikki oikeudet pidätetään.

The National Trees Outside Woodland (TOW) V1 map is a vector product funded by DEFRA’s Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme produced under Forest Research’s Earth Observation for Trees and Woodlands (EOTW) project. The TOW map identifies canopy cover over 3m tall and 5m2 area which exists outside the National Forest Inventory (National Forest Inventory - Forest Research). Canopy cover is categorised into the following woodland types - lone trees, groups of trees and small woodlands. The data set was derived from the Vegetation Object Model (VOM) (Environment Agency, EA), the National Lidar Survey (EA), and Sentinel-2 (European Space Agency) imagery using spatial algorithms. The method is fully automated with no manual manipulation or editing. The map and its production method has been quality assured by DEFRA science assurance protocols and assessed for accuracy using ground truth data. Because the process classifies objects based on proximity to features within OS mapping, there could be some misclassifications of those objects not included in the OS (specifically: static caravans, shipping containers, large tents, marquees, coastal cliffs and solar farms). This is a first release of this dataset, the quality of the production methods will be reviewed over the next year, and improvements will be made where possible. The TOW map is available under open government licence and free to download from the Forestry Commission open data download website (Forestry Commission) and view online on the NCEA ArcGIS Online web portal (Trees Outside Woodland). A full report containing details on methodology, accuracy and user guide is available. TOW map web portal link : ncea.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/sidebar/index.html?appid=cf571f455b444e588aa94bbd22021cd3 FR TOW map web page : https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/tools-and-resources/fthr/trees-outside-woodland-map/ Attribution statement: © Forestry Commission copyright and/or database right 2025. All rights reserved.

Vertical aerial photography is an airborne mapping technique, which uses a high-resolution camera mounted vertically underneath the aircraft to capture reflected light in the red, green, blue and for some datasets, near infra-red spectrum. Images of the ground are captured at resolutions between 10cm and 50cm, and ortho-rectified using simultaneous LIDAR and GPS to a high spatial accuracy.

The Environment Agency has been capturing vertical aerial photography data regularly since 2006 on a project by project basis each ranging in coverage from a few square kilometers to hundreds of square kilometers. The data is available as a raster dataset in ECW (enhanced compressed wavelet) format as either a true colour (RGB), near infra-red (NIR) or a 4-band (RGBN) raster. Where imagery has been captured under incident response conditions and the lighting conditions may be sub-optimal this is defined by the prefix IR. The data are presented as tiles in British National Grid OSGB 1936 projections. Data is available in 5km download zip files for each year of survey. Within each zip file are ECW files aligned to the Ordinance Survey grid. The size of each tile is dependent upon the spatial resolution of the data.

Please refer to the metadata index catalgoues for the survey date captured, type of survey and spatial resolution of the imagery.