Contained within the 5th Edition (1978 to 1995) of the National Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the annual sum of normal degree-days above 5 C (an indicator of total heat available for plants in the growing season). Data for period 1941 to 1970. Companion sheet to Frost-Free Period, Heating Degree-Days, Last Frost in Spring and First Frost in Autumn.

Canada Cooling Degree Days data was reported at 77.230 Degrees Celsius in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 39.490 Degrees Celsius for 2019. Canada Cooling Degree Days data is updated yearly, averaging 54.610 Degrees Celsius from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2020, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 84.040 Degrees Celsius in 1989 and a record low of 21.790 Degrees Celsius in 1992. Canada Cooling Degree Days data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Climate Risk. A cooling degree day (CDD) is a measurement designed to track energy use. It is the number of degrees that a day's average temperature is above 18°C (65°F). Daily degree days are accumulated to obtain annual values.;World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal. https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org;;

An accumulated value of heat degrees that the average temperature is above a specified threshold, 10°C for warm season crops. This condition must be maintained for at least 5 consecutive days in order for EGDD to be accumulated (egdd_warm). Week 1 and week 2 forecasted index is available daily from April 1 to October 31. Week 3 and week 4 forecasted index is available weekly (Thursday) from April 1 to October 31. Cumulative heat-energy satisfies the essential requirement of field crop growth and development towards a high yield and good quality of agricultural crop products. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) have together developed a suite of extreme agrometeorological indices based on four main categories of weather factors: temperature, precipitation, heat, and wind. The extreme weather indices are intended as short-term prediction tools and generated using ECCC’s medium range forecasts to create a weekly index product on a daily and weekly basis.

Growing degree days (GDDs) are used to estimate the growth and development of plants and insects during the growing season. Growing Degree Day are computed by subtracting a base value temperature from the mean daily temperature and are assigned a value of zero if negative. Base temperatures are a point below which development does not occur for the organism in question. Growing Degree Day products are created for base 0, 5, 10 and 15 degrees Celsius. GDD values are only accumulated during the Growing Season, April 1 through October 31.

30-year Average Number of Days with Minimum Daily Temperature below -30 °C is defined as the count of climate days during the month where the minimum daily temperature was below -30 °C. These values are calculated across Canada in 10x10 km cells.

An accumulated value of heat degrees that the average temperature is above a specified threshold, 5°C for cool season crops. This condition must be maintained for at least 5 consecutive days in order for EGDD to be accumulated (egdd_cool). Week 1 and week 2 forecasted index is available daily from April 1 to October 31. Week 3 and week 4 forecasted index is available weekly (Thursday) from April 1 to October 31. Cumulative heat-energy satisfies the essential requirement of field crop growth and development towards a high yield and good quality of agricultural crop products. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) have together developed a suite of extreme agrometeorological indices based on four main categories of weather factors: temperature, precipitation, heat, and wind. The extreme weather indices are intended as short-term prediction tools and generated using ECCC’s medium range forecasts to create a weekly index product on a daily and weekly basis.

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows 9 maps. Four maps show the average possible hours of sunshine for Canada in the summer months. There is a map for the entire summer and individual maps for each of the summer months (June, July, and August. The other five maps show the number of days during the year with temperatures above 32 degrees F (0 degrees C), 40 degrees F (4.4 degrees C), 50 degrees F (10 degrees C), 60 degrees F (15.6 degrees C) and 70 degrees F (21.1 degrees C). The temperature differences are indicated with solid or dashed red lines indicating the number of days each portion of Canada will experience above temperatures indicated. In some of the maps, major railway systems are shown.

The HOT2000 software contains monthly and annual climate data for 403 locations in Canada. Boundary lines for HOT2000 climate zones were defined through spatial interpolation of the annual Celsius heating degree-days for each weather station. In a number of instances, the positions of boundary lines may not be representative of the local climate conditions due to lack of appropriate climate data. Each HOT2000 climate zone contains one weather station to be used for all locations within the zone. Climate data represent 20-year averaged data from 1998 to 2017 for locations south of 58° latitude and 13-year averaged data from 2005 to 2017 for locations north of 58° latitude. Note that Whistler, BC uses 13 years of data. The following information is available in the climate map: o Location: the name of the weather station. o Region: the provincial or territorial location of the weather station. o Latitude: measured in degrees north of the equator. o Annual heating degree-days using a base of 18 °C. o Design heating dry bulb temperature (°C): the 2.5% January design temperature used to calculate the design heat loss for the house. o Design cooling dry bulb temperature (°C): the 2.5% July design temperature used to calculate the design cooling load for the house. o Design cooling wet bulb temperature (°C): the 2.5% July design temperature used to calculate the design cooling load for the house. The climate map is intended to be used by all users of the HOT2000 software under the EnerGuide Rating System, including energy advisors, service organizations, regulatory agencies, builders, utilities, and all levels of government. The weather locations and climate data are based on Environment and Climate Change Canada data, specifically the Canadian Weather Energy and Engineering Datasets (CWEEDS).

Growing degree days (GDDs) are used to estimate the growth and development of plants and insects during the growing season. Insect and plant development are very dependent on temperature and the daily accumulation of heat. The amount of heat required to move a plant or pest to the next development stage remains constant from year to year. However, the actual amount of time (days) can vary considerably from year to year because of weather conditions. Growing Degree Day (GDD) values are computed by subtracting a base value temperature from the mean daily temperature and are assigned a value of zero if negative. Base temperatures are a point below which development does not occur for the organism in question. Growing degree days products are created for base 0, 5, 10 and 15 degrees Celsius.Base 0 values are commonly used for cereals, base 5 for alfalfa, canola and general plant growth, base 10 for grasshoppers and beans and base 15 values are commonly used for general insect development. GDD values are only accumulated during the Growing Season, April 1 through October 31. Growing degree days provide information that will allow users of the data to select crop varieties and hybrids that will be successful in a particular area. For more information, visit: http://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/15f1add3-d8e6-49cc-adec-e30d65f08519 / Les degrés-jours de croissance (DJC) servent à estimer la croissance et le développement des plantes et des insectes pendant la saison de croissance. Le développement de ces organismes dépend beaucoup de la température et de l'accumulation journalière de chaleur. La quantité de chaleur requise pour qu'un végétal ou un insecte passe à son prochain stade de développement reste constante d'une année à l'autre. Par contre, le nombre de jours requis peut varier beaucoup d'une année à l'autre selon les conditions météorologiques. Les valeurs quotidiennes de DJC sont calculées en soustrayant une température de base de la température moyenne d'une journée (si le résultat est négatif, le DJC quotidien est fixé à zéro. La température de base est le point sous lequel le développement de l'organisme cesse. Les produits de degrés-jours de croissance sont créés pour 0 (base), 5, 10 et 15 degrés Celsius.Voici quelques températures de base couramment utilisées et leur application : 0 °C (céréales), 5 °C (luzerne, canola, croissance générale des plantes), 10 °C (sauterelles, haricots) et 15 °C (développement général des insectes). Les valeurs de DJC s'accumulent uniquement durant la saison de croissance, du 1er avril au 31 octobre. Les degrés-jours de croissance fournir de l'information qui permettra aux utilisateurs des données de choisir des variétés végétales et des hybrides qui réussiront dans une région donnée. Pour plus d'information, consulter : http://ouvert.canada.ca/data/fr/dataset/15f1add3-d8e6-49cc-adec-e30d65f08519

Average degree-days (base of 0, 5 or 10 °C) accumulated between April 1 and October 31. The calculation is based on the period from 1979 to 2008 (30 years). This analysis was based on temperature values interpolated at 10 km using the ANUSPLIN method, based on data from the Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs du Québec and from Environment Canada. Cumulative thermal units are used in the agriculture field to evaluate the development of vegetables and pests during the growing season. They are based on the close relationship between their development and the temperature. Cumulative thermal units can be used to predict when certain major stages of development will be reached, such as the flowering date, maturity at harvest and peak insect population (CRAAQ, 2012).

Lakes are principal agents of disturbance to permafrost. Many Arctic lakes are well-mixed in summer, so lake-bottom temperature is associated with thaw-season climate. In winter, the thermal regimes of the atmosphere and lake-bottoms are distinct. Measurements of bottom temperatures on shallow near-shore terraces and in deep central pools at two tundra lakes show lake regime responses to climate variation. Annual mean temperatures have varied in 2000-17 between -5.7 and 2.8 Celsius (°C) for shallow terraces and 1.1 and 4.5 °C for deep pools, and between -11.5 and -8.4 °C in the air. R^2 for thawing degree-days at lake-bottom and in the air ranged between 0.83 and 0.91 at shallow sites, and up to 0.85 for deep sites. Using the four warmest and coldest years as an analogue for climate change - an adjustment that may occur this century - talik geometry may take millennia to reach equilibrium. These data are included in a proceedings paper under the same title and authors for the 2021 Regional Conference on Permafrost in Boulder, Colorado.

Municipalities with established populations of Ixodes scapularis ticks (blacklegged ticks) are municipalities where tick populations reproduce and survive from one year to the next. This indicator makes it possible to identify municipalities where their presence suggests a higher risk of tick bites and the transmission of diseases, such as Lyme disease, anaplasmosis or babesiosis. In other municipalities without an established population, the presence of ticks is possible, as ticks can be carried there by birds or terrestrial mammals. The data used to build this indicator come from passive and active acarological surveillance. Active and passive surveillance data were accumulated and then aggregated by municipality and by year. This made it possible to determine whether an established tick population is identified by the indicator at least 1 year over the study period. The climate zone favorable to the establishment of ticks Ixodes scapularis highlights the areas where the estimated temperature would be favorable to the establishment of tick populations in Quebec. An area where the climate is favorable for the establishment of tick populations is defined by an annual number of degree-days above 0°C (DJ0). This indicator was calculated for the historical surveys 2009-2017 (current distribution) and for the horizons of 2030, 2050 and 2080 according to the climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 and SSP3-7.0 (future distribution). The DJ0 are calculated by calculating the difference between the daily mean temperature and the 0°C reference temperature used in this situation, then interpolating on a 10km x 10km grid. The final DJ0 value used is the 50th percentile. For more information on municipalities with established populations of ticks Ixodes scapularis or the climatic zones favorable to their establishment, you can consult the * Methodological Report * OR the * INSPQ Web site, Current and future distribution maps of zoonoses in Quebec .This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).*

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that consists of three maps based on the occurrence of a temperature of 32 degrees F (0 degrees C) or lower in a standard thermometer shelter at a level of four feet above the ground. Frost may occur at grass level when the temperature in the shelter remains above freezing. On the other hand, freezing temperatures in the thermometer shelter are a definite indication of frost at grass level. The maps, showing the mean dates of the first occurrence in the fall and the last occurrence in the spring of a temperature of 32 degrees F (0 degrees C), are representative of different localities in the country. The mean annual frost-free period is the average number of days between the last frost in the spring and the first frost in the fall.

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows six maps of the Canadian ranges in temperature. The map entitled Mean Annual Maximum Temperature shows the mean of the highest temperature recorded each year from 1921 to 1950 inclusive. The Mean Annual Minimum Temperature map shows the mean of the lowest temperature recorded each year during the 30 year period. The two temperature extreme maps show the highest and lowest temperatures officially recorded during the same period. Two small maps show the number of days on which temperatures of 90 degrees F (32.2 degrees C) or higher were recorded and the numbers of days on which the temperature was 0 degrees F (-17.8 degrees C) or lower.

The Agriculture Capability mapping dataset is the digitized equivalent of the legacy Agriculture Capability Scanned Maps, which date from the 1960's to the 1990s. Agriculture Capability mapping is also known as 'Soil Capability for Agriculture' and 'Agricultural Capability' mapping. Agricultural Capability is an interpreted mapping product based on soil and climate information. In general, climate determines the range of crops possible in an area and the soils determine the type and relative level of management practices required. This is legacy data and changes in climate are not reflected. For more information about the classification system see: Land Capability Classification for Agriculture. Use caution utilizing these legacy maps as the classifications were based on common land management practices and typical crops of the 1960s-1990s era, and subsequent site specific land management practices (e.g. installation of drainage) may have modified the soil conditions since the mapping was completed. This Agriculture Capability legacy mapping is included in the Soil Information Finder Tool (SIFT) mapping application. The SIFT application provides more detailed climate data (e.g. Growing Degree Days, Frost Free Period (5 C), (1960-1990 climate normals). The SIFT 'Soil query tools' may be useful for identifying areas with specific 'growing conditions' of interest based on soils present (soil name), soil texture, drainage, coarse fragment content, slope, elevation, growing degree days and frost free period. Note: This Agriculture Capability Mapping dataset is based on soil mapping at 1:100,000, 1:50,000 or 1:20,000 scale, and is more detailed than the 1:250,000 scale Canada Land Inventory (CLI) Agricultural Capability mapping (available here).