The National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) was coordinated by the USGS as an interagency project to acquire cloud-free aerial photographs at an altitude of 20,000 feet above mean terrain elevation. The photographs were taken with a 6-inch focal length lens at a scale of 1:40,000. Coverage over the conterminous United States includes both black-and-white (BW) and color infrared (CIR) aerial photographs. Film type and extent of coverage were determined by available funds and operational requirements. The NAPP program, which was operational from 1987 to 2007, consists of more than 1.3 million images. Photographs were acquired on 9-inch film and were centered over quarters of USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles.To view historical imagery availability by county please visit the Historical Availability of Imagery map.To view more NAPP imagery visit the NAPP Historical Imagery Portfolio app.For ordering information please contact the GEO Customer Service Section at geo.sales@usda.gov.

Low altitude (300 meters above ground level (AGL)) digital aerial imagery were acquired on May 4 and 5, 2020, from a manned, fixed-wing aircraft using a Sony A7R 36 Megapixel digital camera, along with precise aircraft location Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. Data were collected in shore-parallel lines, flying at approximately 50 meters per second and capturing true color imagery at 1 Hertz, resulting in image footprints with approximately 75-80% endlap, 60-70% sidelap, and a ground sample distance (GSD) of 5.3 centimeters. The precise time of each image capture (flash event) was recorded, and the corresponding aircraft position was computed in post-processing from the aircraft navigation GNSS data; precise image positions can then be determined by accounting for the lever arm offsets between the aircraft GNSS antenna and the camera lens. Position data, provided as latitude/longitude/ellipsoid height, is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83(2011)).

Low altitude (300 meters above ground level (AGL)) digital aerial imagery acquired with a piloted fixed-wing aircraft was processed using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques to produce high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) point clouds and digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthomosaic images. This dataset consists of DEMs produced from imagery collected along the Delaware Atlantic coast on June 11, 2022, to monitor coastal change. All horizontal data are provided in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projected coordinate system, Zone 18 North (18N), referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83(2011)), and elevation is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88), GEOID12B.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts baseline and storm-response photography missions to document and understand the changes in the vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms. On March 27, 1998, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from Fenwick Island State Park, Delaware, to Corolla, North Carolina, aboard a U.S. Coast Guard HH60 Helicopter at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,000 ft offshore. This mission was conducted to collect data for assessing incremental changes in the beach and nearshore area and can also be used as a baseline to assess future coastal change. The photographs provided are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. The photograph locations are an estimate of the aircraft's position and do not indicate the location of the features in the images. These photographs document the configuration of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey. ExifTool (version 4.0) was used to add the following to the header of each photograph: time of collection, GPS latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. Photographs can be opened with any JPEG-compatible image viewer. All image times are recorded in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

This reference contains the imagery data used in the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Orthophotos, raw imagery, and scanned aerial photos are common files held here. Color infrared, stereo pair 1:12,000 scale aerial photography for a digital orthophoto mosaic of Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area was acquired from overflights on March 28, April 7, and April 11, 2002, during leaf-off conditions, by Kucera International. The photography, a total of 1,047 air photos that cover the park as well as a relatively large buffer area outside the park, was delivered to the National Park Service, quality checked, accepted as provided, and sent to North Carolina State University.

Aerial imagery was collected by a contractor using a fixed wing aircraft fitted with Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) GPS, was processed using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques to produce high-resolution orthomosaic images, three-dimensional (3D) point clouds and digital elevation models (DEMs). Surveyed Ground Control Points (GCPs) visible in the imagery are used to supplement the calculated elevation and PPK position data. This dataset, produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) MD-DE-DC Water Science Center, consists of a point cloud generated from the survey of Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuges in Delaware in order to observe annual changes. Structure-from-Motion software, Agisoft Metashape, was used to perform processing on low-altitude digital aerial imagery acquired by a contractor utilizing a fixed wing aircraft. The aircraft has been modified with a camera port fitted with a Sony A7R camera and equipped with a custom Post-Processing Kinematic GPS device. The surveys were conducted using temporary targets (black and white, 4-square checkered pattern), and pre-existing points (road markings) distributed throughout the flight operations area as GCPs. This dataset was produced using the 4D method of Structure-from-Motion, combining multiple years of images and GCPs into a single project to assist in alignment. Each year's chunk was then checked, cleaned, and exported individually. All horizontal data are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83 (2011)) UTM zone 18N, and elevation is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) in meters, GEOID12B.

Counts of waterfowl found in regular aerial surveys of Delaware waterfowl habitat areas.

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A data processing task was needed by National Park Service to transpose field tabular and spatial data into various digital formats of the 1994 Aquatic Plant Survey Report. A survey of aquatic vascular plants was conducted in a 122 mile stretch of the Upper Delaware River between Hancock, New York and the Delaware Water Gap in 1991 and 1992. A total of 196 sites were inventoried and twenty-eight species of plants were recorded. The aquatic vascular plant flora in this section of the Delaware River appeared to be thriving, due in large part to good water quality and moderate impacts by man. The purpose of this task was the digitizing of hand-drawn field mapping data from hardcopy paper maps into digital map products. These digital mapping files are in the NPS standard GIS format and in National Park Service's accepted coordinate and projection systems. This is a data set composed of field survey of aquatic vegetation in the Delaware Water Gap and the Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational Area National Parks. Data were compiled by field sampling with GPS coordinates and underwater imaging and bathymetry. Data were compiled by teams composed of personnel from the National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. The data were used as training and ground truth for remote sensing image analysis of hyperspectral collected by the Civil Air Patrol with the Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance, also known by the acronym ARCHER. Archer is an aerial imaging system that produces ground images far more detailed than plain sight or ordinary aerial photography can. It is the most sophisticated unclassified hyperspectral imaging system available, according to U.S. Government officials. ARCHER can automatically scan detailed imaging for a given signature of the object being sought (such as a missing aircraft), for abnormalities in the surrounding area, or for changes from previously recorded spectral signatures. ARCHER was used in this project, to evaluate its potential for mapping submerged aquatic vegetation.

The USGS UTM Grid, The boundaries of the USGS Quarter Quad maps, Zip Codes and a Delaware developed grid used for tiling aerial photography.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts baseline and storm response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms. On May 19-22, 2009, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from Owls Head, Maine, to the Virginia/North Carolina border, aboard a Cessna 207A aircraft at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,200 ft offshore (Figure 2, http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0946/html/ds946_fig2.html). This mission was flown to collect data for assessing incremental changes since the last survey, flown October 2000, and can be used for assessing future coastal change. The photographs provided here are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft and do not indicate the location of the feature in the images. (See the Navigation Data page in the corresponding report, for additional details, http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0946/html/ds946_nav.html). These photographs document the configuration of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey. ExifTool (http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/) is a free software program for reading, writing, and manipulating image, audio, and video metadata. ExifTool was used to add the following to the header of each photo: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet. All image times are recorded in UTC. Table 1 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0946/html/ds946_table.html) provides detailed information about the assigned location, name, date, and time the photograph was taken along with links to the photograph. In addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and can be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link above the thumbnail. The KML files were created using the photographic navigation files. Note: A KML number was assigned to each photograph to aid navigation of the Google Earth file. These numbers correspond to the site labels in Google Earth.

Aerial imagery was collected by a contractor using a fixed wing aircraft fitted with Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) GPS, was processed using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques to produce high-resolution orthomosaic images, three-dimensional (3D) point clouds and digital elevation models (DEMs). Surveyed Ground Control Points (GCPs) visible in the imagery are used to supplement the calculated elevation and PPK position data. This dataset, produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) MD-DE-DC Water Science Center, consists of a point cloud generated from the survey of Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuges in Delaware in order to observe annual changes. Structure-from-Motion software, Agisoft Metashape, was used to perform processing on low-altitude digital aerial imagery acquired by a contractor utilizing a fixed wing aircraft. The aircraft has been modified with a camera port fitted with a Sony A7R camera and equipped with a custom Post-Processing Kinematic GPS device. The surveys were conducted using temporary targets (black and white, 4-square checkered pattern), and pre-existing points (road markings) distributed throughout the flight operations area as GCPs. This dataset was produced using the 4D method of Structure-from-Motion, combining multiple years of images and GCPs into a single project to assist in alignment. Each year's chunk was then checked, cleaned, and exported individually. All horizontal data are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83 (2011)) UTM zone 18N, and elevation is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) in meters, GEOID12B.

The Landscape Project combines documented wildlife locations with NJDEP aerial photo-based 2012 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) to delineate imperiled and special concern species habitat within New Jersey. Many species occurrence locations cannot be published because they may represent nest sites, roost sites, dens and other sites used by species that are vulnerable to human disturbance and, in some cases, susceptible to illegal collection. At the same time, wildlife moves, as individual animals use various habitat features within the landscape to fulfill their foraging, sheltering and breeding needs. Therefore, protecting individual occurrences or the area used by one individual is generally not sufficient to protect the local population. Landscape Project maps address these issues by displaying habitat patches that animals use and that are required to support local populations, rather than pinpointing exact locations of the most sensitive wildlife sites or simply protecting points where species happened to be observed at one point in time. Prior to combining species occurrence data with LULC data to form the habitat patches that make up the Species-Based Habitat layer, each dataset was generated according to a specific data development process.

These maps, a product provided by the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC), show the approximate boundaries and classifications of Delaware wetlands as interpreted from leaf-off color infrared aerial photography (1992, 2007, 2017). Statewide wetland maps are used for local and regional site-specific planning and management purposes, and allow for status and trends assessments providing information on the type, amount, location and causes of wetland changes. Wetlands mapping utilizes a standardized wetlands classification scheme which was adapted from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s National Wetlands Inventory (Cowardin, et al. 1979, and 2016 revision for 2017 data). The 1992 data was created by DNREC under contract with Photoscience, Inc. and Environmental Resource, Inc., and in partnership with the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). The 2007 and 2017 map data was created by DNREC and completed under contract with Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University, Conservation Management Institute, and in coordination with NWI. Methods used meet or exceed NWI procedures and the guidelines of the Federal Geographic Data Committee's Wetland Mapping Standard (document FGDC-STD-015-2009). The 2017 wetlands are identified at a minimum mapping unit of .25 acres with smaller, highly recognizable polygons (e.g., ponds) mapped down to approximately 0.10 acres. Photo interpreters identified the wetland targets at a scale of approximately to 1:10,000 with delineations completed at 1:5,000 and, occasionally, larger as necessary. The 2017 mapping used the NWI 2.0 guidelines which incorporate hydrography spatial data (National Hydrography Dataset – NHD) along with wetlands data.2007 Head of Tide wetlands are those salt and freshwater wetlands that have water influenced by the tides and is derived/extracted from the overall 2007 wetland data. 2017 High Marsh and Low marsh are wetland polygons identified as either High or Low marsh for the purposes of beginning to track these two estuarine wetland types in response to climate change. 2017 High Water Mark is an attempt to depict the high water line along coastal areas.

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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts baseline and storm-response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms. On October 7-9, 2015, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from South Carolina/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York, aboard a Cessna 182 aircraft at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,200 ft offshore (Figure 2, http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0995/html/ds995_fig2.html). This mission was flown to collect data for assessing incremental changes since the last survey, flown in October 2014 (Virginia to New York, http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2014-330-FA), November 2012 (northern North Carolina, http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=12CCH04) and May 2008 (southern North Carolina, http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=08ACH01), and can be used for assessing future coastal change. The photographs provided are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft and do not indicate the location of the feature in the images (See the Navigation Data page, http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0995/html/ds995_nav.html). These photographs document the configuration of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey. ExifTool was used to add the following to the header of each photo: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet. All image times are recorded in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Table 1 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0995/html/ds995_table.html) provides detailed information about the assigned location, name, date, and time the photograph was taken along with links to the photograph. In addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and can be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link above the thumbnail. The KML files were created using the photographic navigation files. Note: A KML number was assigned to each photograph to aid navigation of the Google Earth file. These numbers correspond to the site labels in Google Earth.

During the spring of 1999, the Delaware Coastal Programs(DCP) identified the spatial extent of macroalgae in the shallow portions of Rehoboth Bay utilizing traditional photogrammetric methods. The DCP used true color aerial photographs, image processing software, a geographical information system (GIS), and a limited field survey to identify 1.88 square kilometers of macroalgae in all but the deepest parts of the bay. Turbid conditions prevented identification of the full extent of the vegetation.Although the 1999 effort was highly successful, it was clear that aerial photography could not penetrate to the deeper parts of the bay or where conditions were turbid.For the 2000 effort, the DCP partnered with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office for Coastal Management Coastal Remote Sensing Program. The Benthic Habitat Mapping project, a part of the Center's Coastal Remote Sensing program, utilized a RoxAnn acoustic sensor to identify benthic cover in turbid areas of the bay June 12- 16, 2000.The instrument was used to identify bottom type by extracting data on bottom roughness and bottom hardness from the primary and secondary sounder echoes. The data is classified on-the-fly, using a towed video camera for field validation, and subject to a post-processing classification. The unit collected data throughout the bay in areas greater than 1.4 meters in depth and serves as a powerful complement to the aerial photography. The RoxAnn data points were exported into a geographic information system (GIS) and post-processed to remove unreliable data points and re-classified. This data set is comprised of the cleaned, attributed point data. The attributes include location, date, time, depth, field derived classification,and the classification derived from post-processing the data. This system is fully described in "Development of a System for Classification of Habitats in Estuarine and Marine Environments (SCHEME) for Florida, Report to U.S. EPA - Gulf of Mexico Program, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Marine Research Institute.Review Draft 12/04/02." Original contact information: Contact Org: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Phone: 843-740-1202 Email: coastal.info@noaa.gov