The number of Americans aged 65 and over with Alzheimer's disease is projected to more than double by 2060, reaching **** million. This significant increase highlights the growing challenge of caring for an aging population, particularly those affected by dementia. As the prevalence of Alzheimer's rises, it will have far-reaching impacts on healthcare, families, and society as a whole. Aging population trends The surge in Alzheimer's cases is closely tied to broader demographic shifts in the United States. By 2050, it's estimated that 22 percent of the American population will be 65 years or older, up from 17.3 percent in 2022. This rapid aging of the population is expected to strain healthcare systems and change the nature of work and retirement. Challenges of aging in place As the number of older adults with Alzheimer's increases, there is a growing desire among seniors to age in their own homes. A 2024 survey found that ************** of adults aged 50 and older strongly or somewhat agreed they would like to remain in their current residence for as long as possible. This preference is even stronger among those 65 and older, with ** percent expressing this desire. However, the ability to age in place may be compromised by declining physical capabilities, as only about *** in **** adults aged 72 and older reported being fully able to perform self-care and mobility activities in 2021.

This statistic gives the estimated values for the age specific dementia incidence rate in among older U.S. persons, as of 2015. The incidence increases steadily with age, from *** incidence per one thousand people in the age group of 60-64 years up to *** per thousand for people aged over 90 years.

In 2024, there were a total of over 11.9 million Alzheimer and dementia caregivers in the United States. At that time, California had the most number of Alzheimer/dementia caregivers with over 1,396 thousand caregivers. Pennsylvania had some 470 thousand Alzheimer/dementia caregivers.

This is historical data. The update frequency has been set to "Static Data" and is here for historic value. Updated 8/14/2024.

Hospitalization Rate Related To Alzheimer's Or Other Dementias - This indicator shows the rate of hospitalizations related to Alzheimer's or other dementias (per 100,000 population). In the US, an estimated 5.4 million people are living with Alzheimer’s disease. Reducing the proportion of hospitalizations related to Alzheimer's and other dementias can decrease burdens on individuals, families, and the health care system in 2014.

Splitgraph serves as an HTTP API that lets you run SQL queries directly on this data to power Web applications. For example:

See the Splitgraph documentation for more information.

In 2024, there were over 19 billion hours of unpaid care given by Alzheimer/dementia caregivers in the United States. In that year, California reported the highest numbers, where almost 1.894 billion hours of unpaid care were counted.

Dementia Awareness Survey was conducted between July and August of 2023 and it collected information on how much people know about dementia and their attitudes towards dementia and people living with dementia. The survey included questions on general knowledge about dementia; knowledge of dementia risk factors and misconceptions; engagement in actions or behaviours that can reduce the risk of developing dementia; information seeking behaviours; and community attitudes towards dementia and people living with dementia. Demographic and background variables included: state of residence, age, sex, sexual orientation, Indigenous status, country of birth, language spoken at home, level of education, household income, and remoteness

BackgroundDespite its marked importance in public health, the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) and its associated factors have only rarely been examined in old populations in general or in Russia at all.ObjectiveTo assess CI prevalence and its determinants in a very elderly population in Russia.Materials and methodsThe population-based Ural Very Old Study, conducted in rural and urban region in Bashkortostan/Russia, included 1,526 (81.1%) out of 1,882 eligible individuals aged 85+ years. A series of medical examinations including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the assessment of CI was performed.ResultsMini-Mental State Examination data were available for 1,442 (94.5%) individuals (mean age: 88.3 ± 2.9 years; range: 85–103 years). The median MMSE score was 24 (interquartile range: 19, 27). Prevalence of any CI (MMSE score < 24 points) was 701/1,442 [48.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 46.0, 51.2]. Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe CI (MMSE score 19–23 points, 10–18 points, and ≤9 points, respectively) was 357/1,442 (24.8%; 95% CI: 22.5, 27.0), 246/1,442 (17.1%; 95% CI: 15.1, 19.0), and 98/1,442 (6.8%; 95% CI: 5.5, 8.1), resp. A lower MMSE score correlated (regression coefficient r2: 0.31) with older age (beta: −0.13; P < 0.001), rural region of habitation (beta: 0.15; P < 0.001), lower level of education (beta: 0.19; P < 0.001), higher depression score (beta: −0.33; P < 0.001) (or alternatively, higher prevalence of hearing loss (beta: −0.10; P = 0.001), worse visual acuity (beta: −0.10; P = 0.001), and lower physical activity (beta: 0.06; P = 0.04).ConclusionIn this elderly study population from rural and urban Russia, prevalence of any, mild, moderate and severe CI was 48.6, 24.8, 17.1, and 6.8%, resp. Besides medical and lifestyle factors, vision and hearing impairment were major factors associated with CI.

ABSTRACT Background: The Brazilian population has aged rapidly. The oldest old, defined as persons aged 80 years or older, is the fastest growing segment of the Brazilian population. Several instruments have been used to assess the cognitive performance of the older people and predict dementia. One of the most commonly used is the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between baseline MMSE score and the incidence of dementia in a Brazilian cohort of independent oldest old. Methods: Sociodemographic data and serial cognitive assessment of 248 older adults were analyzed. Results: Mean follow-up time of subjects was 4.0(±1.9) years, 71.4% were women, and mean MMSE score at entry was 25(±3.5). Mean MMSE scores at baseline were significantly higher (p=0.001) in the cognitively intact group than in those who developed dementia. The logistic regression showed that for a one point increase in MMSE score at baseline there was a 10% reduction in the probability of dementia. Conclusions: In the Brazilian scenario of a rapidly growing population of oldest old, the extensive use of the MMSE gives rise to the need not only to determine its effectiveness for screening dementia, but also to interpret its score in terms of future conversion to dementia.

This series of code and corresponding data files are intended for use in cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) research. The files include twelve years of cleaned datasets derived from the 2007-2018 years of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). NHIS is a nationally representative study aimed at monitoring the health of the non-institutionalized United States population. The provided datasets include sociodemographic information on respondents’ age, sex, race, and marital status from the Sample Adult Files, cognition variables from the Sample Adult files and, in applicable years, merged cognition data from the Adult Functioning and Disability (AFD) supplement. The files were constructed to allow for users to append multiple years of data for longitudinal analysis. Brief and detailed summaries of the variables available in these datasets along with more detailed descriptions of performed calculations can be found in the provided data dictionaries. Users may also refer to the provided “Overview of variables across years” document to see which variables are available each year. SAS, Stata, and CSV data file formats are provided as are the full coding scripts used in Stata.

In 2023, the U.S. states with the highest death rates from Alzheimer’s disease were Mississippi, Utah, and Arkansas. At that time, the death rate due to Alzheimer’s disease in Mississippi was 49.8 per 100,000 population. However, the state with the highest total number of deaths due to Alzheimer’s disease that year was California, with 16,035 such deaths. Alzheimer’s disease is among the leading causes of death in the U.S. As of 2023, Alzheimer’s disease was the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. The death rate due to Alzheimer’s disease in the U.S. has more than doubled over the past couple of decades, reaching an estimated 36 deaths per 100,000 population in 2022. Age is the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer’s, so it is no surprise that the death rate from the disease increases significantly with age. For example, in 2022, the Alzheimer’s death rate among those aged 85 years and older was around 1,132 per 100,000 population, compared to a rate of 206 per 100,000 population among those aged 75 to 84 years. How many people in the U.S. have Alzheimer’s disease? It was estimated that in 2020, around 6.1 million people aged 65 years and older in the United States were living with Alzheimer’s disease. This figure is expected to increase to around 8.5 million by the year 2030. A rise in life expectancy and the increasing elderly population go some ways in explaining the increase in Alzheimer's in the United States. However, a growing number of Americans are also living with known modifiable Alzheimer’s risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes.

AD-cnt, the controls against Alzheimer’s disease in expression analysis; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating. The score of 0–3 shows classification of dementia (0 = none, 0.5 = questionable, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe); Sc-cnt, the controls against schizophrenia in expression analysis. The p-value was calculated by student T test, Chi-squired test, and Fisher’s exact test.Demographic data and clinical characteristics of each group.

IntroductionDementia is characterized by significant declines in cognitive, physical, social, and behavioral functioning, and includes multiple subtypes that differ in etiology. There is limited evidence of the influence of psychiatric and substance use history on the risk of dementia subtypes among older underrepresented racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. Our study explored the role of psychiatric and substance use history on the risk of etiology-specific dementias: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), in the context of a racially and ethnically diverse sample based on national data.MethodsWe conducted secondary data analyses based on the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (N = 17,592) which is comprised a large, racially, and ethnically diverse cohort of adult research participants in the network of US Alzheimer Disease Research Centers (ADRCs). From 2005 to 2019, participants were assessed for history of five psychiatric and substance use disorders (depression, traumatic brain injury, other psychiatric disorders, alcohol use, and other substance use). Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the influence of psychiatric and substance use history on the risk of AD and VaD subtypes, and the interactions between psychiatric and substance use history and race/ethnicity with adjustment for demographic and health-related factors.ResultsIn addition to other substance use, having any one type of psychiatric and substance use history increased the risk of developing AD by 22–51% and VaD by 22–53%. The risk of other psychiatric disorders on AD and VaD risk varied by race/ethnicity. For non-Hispanic White people, history of other psychiatric disorders increased AD risk by 27%, and VaD risk by 116%. For African Americans, AD risk increased by 28% and VaD risk increased by 108% when other psychiatric disorder history was present.ConclusionThe findings indicate that having psychiatric and substance use history increases the risk of developing AD and VaD in later life. Preventing the onset and recurrence of such disorders may prevent or delay the onset of AD and VaD dementia subtypes. Prevention efforts should pay particular attention to non-Hispanic White and African American older adults who have history of other psychiatric disorders.Future research should address diagnostic shortcomings in the measurement of such disorders in ADRCs, especially with regard to diverse racial and ethnic groups.

BackgroundFalls and extremity fractures often occur in people living with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD). In post-fracture care, these patients are cared for either at rehabilitation facilities or their homes. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic limited the utilization of rehabilitation facilities. In areas with provider shortages, this trend poses a risk of disability and caregiver burdens, particularly in racial minorities who under-utilize rehabilitation facilities.ObjectiveTo assess racial disparities in post-acute care (PAC) at rehabilitation facilities among people living with ADRD and extremity fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe summarized the PAC locations by (1) rehabilitation facilities (skilled nursing facilities and inpatient rehabilitation facilities) and (2) homes (homes with self-care and homes with services) for each study year. We observed the yearly percentage trends in PAC at rehabilitation facilities over the total post-acute discharge period. We assessed demographics (age, sex, and race), clinical comorbidities (fracture sites), utilization factors (pay source and hospital location), and COVID-19 pandemic status (pre−/post-pandemic years). We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the association between these factors and PAC in the rehabilitation facilities.ResultsThe proportion of individuals receiving PAC declined in rehabilitation facilities, whereas the proportion of individuals receiving PAC at home with services continuously increased. Being Hispanic, presence of cerebrovascular disorder (CVD), use of Medicaid services, and the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with lower probabilities of utilizing rehabilitation facilities.ConclusionAmong the individuals with ADRD and extremity fractures, the proportion of those who underutilized rehabilitation facilities was higher in Hispanics compared with other races. Caregiving for Hispanics, presence of CVD, and use of Medicaid services were associated with the risk of disability and caregiver burden, due to shifting trends from rehabilitation facilities to homes with services. Geriatric workforce education should be prioritized to enhance the competencies of healthcare providers serving these individuals to relieve caregiver burdens in areas with provider shortage.

Additional file 1. Script (plain text file, accessible via any text editor, e.g., Notepad, GNU Emacs etc.) for the example about type 2 diabetes, intended to use with the statistical software R (The R Foundation of Statistical Software).

In the United States, around 39 percent of people with Alzheimer’s are 75 to 84 years old. Additionally, around 26 percent of those with Alzheimer’s are aged 65 to 74 years. Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia which impacts memory, behavior, and thinking and can lead to symptoms becoming so severe that those with the disease require support with basic daily tasks. Alzheimer’s remains a relevant problem around the world. Alzheimer’s disease deaths Alzheimer’s is currently the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, causing more deaths than diabetes and kidney disease. While advances in medicine and increased access to treatment and care have caused decreases in many major causes of death, deaths from Alzheimer’s have risen over the past couple of decades. For example, from 2000 to 2022, deaths from stroke in the U.S. declined by 1.4 percent, while deaths from Alzheimer’s increased 142 percent. Alzheimer’s disease worldwide Alzheimer’s is not only a problem in the United States but impacts every country around the globe. In 2018, there were an estimated 50 million people living with dementia worldwide. This figure is predicted to increase to some 152 million by the year 2050. Alzheimer’s does not only cause a significant amount of death but also has a significant economic impact. In 2018, cost estimates for Alzheimer’s care worldwide totaled around one trillion U.S. dollars, with this figure predicted to double by the year 2030.

Script (plain text file, accessible via any text editor, e.g., Notepad, GNU Emacs etc) for the dementia simulation study, intended to use with the statistical software R (The R Foundation of Statistical Software). (R 4 kb)

The prevalence of dementia is on the rise, with 60% of dementia cases existing in low- and middle-income countries. In India, the prevalence was reported to be 7.4%. Since the pathophysiology of dementia is multifactorial, the Harmonized Longitudinal Aging Study in India for the Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD) collected data to capture multiple domains, including venous blood specimens (VBS). VBS collection and assays help ascertain the overall health status of an individual, understand disease pathogenesis, and diagnose diseases. In community settings, blood assays also help identify disease trends. However, community VBS collections can often be challenging. Sample quality can be impaired due to individual, environmental, geographical, and pre-analytical processing factors. Therefore, standardization of the process is imperative to ensure biomarker data of high accuracy. LASI-DAD developed a systematic sample collection, shipment, processing, and storage protocol. Multiple checkpoints were in place to monitor sample quality in real time. A phlebotomist was trained from each participating state for specimen collection. All samples were centrally tested for analytes. The overall response rate for blood collection was 71.5%. We collected 17 mL of VBS from 3,252 respondents, who consented to participate. Blood samples were tested for routine analytes, and those specific to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD). Data was reviewed fortnightly. The median cold chain temperature was 6.2°C and hemolysis was seen in 6.7% of the samples. LASI-DAD standardized and implemented VBS collection while overcoming the challenges faced due to India’s diverse socio-demographic, geographical, and environmental conditions. This methodology can serve as a robust tool for VBS handling and ensuring high sample quality for future community-based studies.

Objective: To determine whether orthostatic hypotension (OHYPO) and visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) postural changes variability are associated with incident dementia. Methods: We studied 2,131 older adults from the Health, Aging, Body Composition cohort study. Orthostatic BP was repeatedly assessed over a 5-year baseline period. OHYPO was defined as a fall ≥ 15 mmHg in systolic or ≥ 7 mmHg in diastolic BP after standing from a sitting position for ≥ 1/3 of visits. Systolic and diastolic OHYPO were also examined separately. BP postural changes variability over time was evaluated using several indicators including standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV). Incident dementia was determined over 12 years following the baseline period by dementia medication use, ≥ 1.5 SD decline in Modified Mini-Mental State or hospitalization records. Results: Of 2,131 participants (mean age 73 years, 53% female, 39% black), 309 (14.5%) had OHYPO, 192 (9.0%) systolic OHYPO, 132 (6.2%) diastolic OHYPO and 462 (21.7%) developed dementia. After adjustment for demographics, seated systolic BP (SBP), antihypertensive drugs, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, depressive symptoms, smoking, alcohol, body mass index and presence of 1 or 2 APOE ε4 alleles, systolic OHYPO was associated with greater dementia risk (adjusted HR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.01-1.88) unlike diastolic OHYPO and OHYPO. SBP postural changes variability was also associated with higher dementia risk (highest tertile of variability (CV): adjusted HR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.06-1.71). Conclusion: Systolic OHYPO and visit-to-visit SBP postural changes variability were associated with greater dementia risk. Our findings raise the question of potential preventive interventions to control orthostatic SBP and its fluctuations.

ABSTRACT. Studies on the prevalence of dementia in the indigenous population are still scarce worldwide. In the few available studies, prevalence evidence varies from low to very high, with early onset of the disease and high mortality rate after the initial diagnosis. Still, little is known about the rate of dementia in indigenous populations from low- and middle-income countries, where the dementia prevalence in the general population is estimated to increase significantly in the next decades. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors in Brazilian indigenous people of the Mura ethnicity in Amazonas, Brazil. Methods: A total of 217 indigenous individuals aged 50 years and older from Amazonas, Brazil, were submitted to cognitive assessment. Attention, memory, verbal fluency, visuospatial performance, and mood state composed the cognitive impairment diagnosis. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 43.3% (95%CI 36.6-49.7) and varied according to age [OR=1.03 (95%CI 1.00-1.06)], education [OR=0.74 (95%CI 0.62-0.87)], body mass index [OR=0.91 (95%CI 0.83-0.98)], and income [OR=0.52 (95%CI 0.27-0.99)]. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment had an early onset in an indigenous community, and its prevalence was greater in older individuals with low education and low family income. These findings highlight the importance of implementing public indigenous health policies focusing on health professional training for early cognitive impairment detection.

Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence of cognitive deficit and verify associations with sociodemographic and individual health variables in senior patients from units in the primary health system. Method Prevalence and association study about the elderly population. The instruments used were the Mini-Mental State Examination (cognitive function), Shorten Geriatric Depression Scale (depression symptoms), Lawton Scale (functional capacity), Mini-Nutritional Assessment (nutritional state), and Timed Up and Go Test (fall risk). The association between cognitive deficit and independent variables was verified by the Chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model with the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results The data were collected from 818 old-aged patients. The cognitive deficit had a prevalence of 65.9% (95%CI= 62.50-69.10). In the multivariate analysis model, it was verified a larger occurrence of cognitive deficit individuals, with risks of malnutrition (PR=2.09; CI95%=1.47-2.96), illiteracy (PR=1.66; 95%CI=1.15-2.40), dependents (PR=3.27; 95%CI=2.01-5.10), and with more than 70 years old (PR=1.48; 95%CI=1.07-2.05). Conclusion The present study showed a high prevalence of cognitive deficit and was associated with age, education, functional capacity, and nutritional status. It is possible to question if it is caused by the big amount of people with mild cognitive impairment without dementia with posterior remission of the symptoms, or by the occurrence of early start dementia.