Oral Health And Dental Care Products Market size was valued at USD 56.6 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 84.7 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecasted period 2024 to 2030.

Global Oral Health And Dental Care Products Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Oral Health And Dental Care Products Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Raising Knowledge About Dental Health: The demand for dental care products is being driven by an increasing understanding of the significance of oral health and cleanliness. The use of dental care products is rising as a result of consumers' growing awareness of the importance of preventive oral care. Growing Senior Population: An increased level of oral care is necessary as the world's population ages and becomes more susceptible to dental problems. There is a direct correlation between the aging population and the need for dental care goods and services. Technological Progress: Continuous developments in dental technology, such as the creation of sophisticated toothbrushes, intelligent toothbrushes, and cutting-edge dental materials, support the market's expansion. Products with improved efficacy and utility frequently draw in customers. Boosting Your Relative Income: The expansion of the middle class and rising disposable income in different areas allow people to spend more on dental care and other forms of healthcare. The sales of dental care items benefit from this. Frequency of Dental Conditions: The market for Oral Health And Dental Care Products is significantly driven by the increasing prevalence of oral illnesses and dental disorders globally. Dental problems include tooth decay, gum disease, and cavities drive up demand for dental goods that focus on prevention and therapy. Consumer Trend: A Favoritism for Specialty and Premium Products, Premium and specialist oral care products, such as whitening toothpaste, sensitive toothpaste, and expensive electric toothbrushes, are becoming more and more popular among consumers. This change in customer preferences aids in the growth of the industry.

Growth of E-Commerce: The emergence of e-commerce platforms has increased the accessibility of dental care items for a worldwide customer base. Convenience and a large selection of products are offered via online sales platforms, which support market expansion. Governmental Programs and Dental Health Advocacy: The demand for dental care goods is subsequently driven by government programs and public health campaigns that promote oral hygiene and routine dental checkups. Creative Marketing Techniques: The employment of effective marketing methods by makers of dental care products, such as celebrity endorsements, social media promotions, and educational programs, is imperative in shaping consumer behavior and propelling market expansion.

Purpose This study examines oral health behavioral trends and the development of sociodemographic differences in oral health behaviors among Tanzanian students between 1999 and 2000. Methods The population targeted was students attending the Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS) at the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted and a total of 635 and 981 students, respectively, completed questionnaires in 1999 and 2001. Results Cross-tabulation analyses revealed that in 1999, the rates of abstinence from tobacco use, and of soft drink consumption, regular dental checkups, and intake of chocolate/candy were 84%, 51%, 48%, and 12%, respectively, among students of urban origin and 83%, 29%, 37%, and 5% among their rural counterparts. The corresponding rates in 2001 were 87%, 56%, 50%, and 9% among urban students and 84%, 44%, 38%, and 4% among rural ones. Multiple logistic regression analyses controlling for sex, age, place of origin, educational level, year of survey, and their interaction terms revealed a significant increase in the rate of soft drink consumption, implementation of oral hygiene measures, and abstinence from tobacco use between 1999 and 2001. Social inequalities observed in 1999, with urban students being more likely than their rural counterparts to take soft drinks and go for regular dental checkups, had leveled off by 2001. Conclusion This study provides initial evidence of oral health behavioral trends, that may be utilized in the planning of preventive programs among university students in Tanzania.

The state of Europeans' oral health appears to vary considerably across the European Union. A firm majority of Europeans, however, claim to have no particular problems related to the condition of their teeth. To this end, several objectives have been determined: - to improve the performance of health systems through better organisation; - to improve the quality of health information by facilitating cooperation between Member States; - to promote the development of relevant medico-social policies, with priority being given to reducing inequalities in the area of health care.

The results by volumes are distributed as follows:

• Volume A: Countries
• Volume AA: Groups of countries
• Volume A' (AP): Trends
• Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries
• Volume B: EU/socio-demographics
• Volume B' (BP) : Trends of EU/ socio-demographics
• Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: https://www.gesis.org/eurobarometer

Electric Oral Care Products Market Outlook

In 2023, the global electric oral care products market size was valued at approximately USD 5.1 billion, with projections indicating a substantial rise to USD 10.2 billion by 2032, reflecting a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.1%. This growth is largely driven by increasing consumer awareness regarding oral hygiene and the benefits of electric oral care devices over traditional methods. With technological advancements paving the way for innovative product development, the market is poised for significant expansion. Furthermore, the rise in disposable incomes and the growing trend of personal grooming are further expected to bolster the market trajectory over the forecast period.

One of the primary growth factors driving the electric oral care products market is the increasing awareness of oral health's impact on overall well-being. There is a growing recognition that oral health is a critical component of general health, with potential links to various systemic conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. As a result, consumers are more inclined to invest in advanced oral care products that can provide superior cleaning and preventive care. Additionally, the influence of social media and dental health campaigns that emphasize the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene have played a pivotal role in shifting consumer preferences towards electric oral care solutions. This trend is expected to continue as more people become educated about the long-term benefits of maintaining good oral health.

Technological advancements in the electric oral care products sector have significantly contributed to market growth. Innovations such as smart toothbrushes that offer features like real-time feedback, pressure sensors, and Bluetooth connectivity have revolutionized the way consumers approach oral hygiene. These products not only provide a more effective cleaning experience but also enhance user engagement by offering personalized dental care routines. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence in these devices allows users to monitor their brushing habits accurately, making it easier to adopt and maintain healthy oral hygiene practices. This technological integration is anticipated to attract tech-savvy consumers and expand the market base further, especially among younger demographics who are more inclined towards digital solutions.

The growing geriatric population is another factor propelling the electric oral care products market. As people age, they become more susceptible to oral health issues such as gum disease and tooth decay, necessitating the use of more effective oral care solutions. Electric oral care products, with their superior cleaning abilities and ease of use, are well-suited to meet the needs of this demographic. In addition, the increasing prevalence of dental conditions requiring professional intervention, like orthodontic treatments and dental implants, highlights the necessity for consistent and thorough oral care, further driving the demand for electric oral care devices. This growing demand is expected to remain robust as the global population continues to age.

Regionally, North America and Europe are expected to dominate the electric oral care products market due to high consumer awareness and the widespread availability of advanced oral care products. However, the Asia Pacific region is projected to witness the fastest growth due to rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and an increasing focus on health and hygiene. Countries such as China and India present significant opportunities for market players due to their large populations and growing middle class with increasing purchasing power. Additionally, the expanding healthcare infrastructure and the rise in dental tourism in this region further contribute to the market's growth prospects. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also emerging as potential markets, with increasing awareness and adoption of electric oral care products among consumers.

Product Type Analysis

The electric oral care products market is segmented into various product types, each catering to specific consumer needs and preferences. Electric toothbrushes, water flossers, electric tongue cleaners, and other devices form the core product categories. Electric toothbrushes represent the largest segment, reflecting their widespread acceptance and perceived efficacy among consumers. These devices, known for their superior plaque removal capabilities compared to manual toothbrushes, are designed to cater to different brushing needs with features like oscillating-rotating technolo

Toothpaste Market Outlook

According to our latest research and analysis, the global toothpaste market size reached USD 21.8 billion in 2024. The market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing oral health awareness and evolving consumer preferences, and is projected to expand at a CAGR of 4.6% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the toothpaste market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 32.8 billion. This upward trajectory is underpinned by rising demand for specialized oral care products, continuous product innovation, and an expanding middle-class population across key emerging economies.

One of the primary growth factors fueling the global toothpaste market is the heightened awareness regarding oral hygiene and the prevention of dental diseases. The increasing prevalence of dental caries, gum diseases, and sensitivity issues has prompted consumers to prioritize oral care, leading to higher adoption rates of toothpaste products worldwide. Public health initiatives and educational campaigns conducted by governments and dental associations have significantly contributed to this trend, highlighting the importance of maintaining oral health. Furthermore, the growing influence of social media and digital platforms has amplified consumer knowledge about the benefits of using advanced toothpaste formulations, such as those with whitening, anti-cavity, and herbal properties. This has resulted in greater demand for diversified toothpaste offerings, encouraging manufacturers to innovate and expand their product portfolios.

Another significant driver for the toothpaste market is the ongoing innovation in product formulations and packaging. Companies are investing heavily in research and development to introduce toothpaste products that cater to specific consumer needs, such as sensitivity relief, whitening, and natural ingredients. The emergence of herbal and organic toothpaste, which appeals to health-conscious consumers seeking chemical-free alternatives, has gained substantial traction in recent years. Additionally, advancements in packaging—such as eco-friendly tubes and convenient dispensers—are enhancing user experience and aligning with global sustainability trends. These innovations not only strengthen brand loyalty but also enable companies to tap into new customer segments, thereby propelling overall market growth.

Changing demographic trends, particularly the expansion of the middle-class population in emerging economies, are playing a crucial role in the growth of the toothpaste market. Rising disposable incomes have led to increased spending on personal care and hygiene products, including premium and specialized toothpaste variants. Urbanization and lifestyle changes have further contributed to this shift, as consumers in urban areas exhibit a higher propensity to invest in advanced oral care solutions. Moreover, the proliferation of organized retail channels and the rapid penetration of e-commerce platforms have made toothpaste products more accessible to a broader consumer base. This accessibility, coupled with aggressive marketing strategies and promotional campaigns by leading brands, has significantly boosted market penetration and sales volumes.

In recent years, the introduction of innovative products like the Touchless Toothpaste Pump has revolutionized the way consumers approach oral hygiene. This hands-free device offers a hygienic and convenient solution for dispensing toothpaste, appealing to tech-savvy individuals and families with young children. The pump's design minimizes waste and ensures precise dosing, making it an attractive option for those seeking efficiency in their daily routines. As consumers increasingly prioritize hygiene and convenience, the adoption of touchless technology in oral care products is expected to rise, contributing to the overall growth of the toothpaste market. Manufacturers are exploring ways to integrate this technology into their product lines, enhancing user experience and aligning with the broader trend towards smart home solutions.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific continues to dominate the global toothpaste market, accounting for the largest share in both value and volume. The region's leadership is attributed to its vast population base, increasing oral health awareness, and rising disposable incomes in countries such as C

Child Dental Health Survey 2013, England, Wales and Northern Ireland The 2013 Children's Dental Health (CDH) Survey, commissioned by the Health and Social Care Information Centre, is the fifth in a series of national children's dental health surveys that have been carried out every ten years since 1973. The 2013 survey provides statistical estimates on the dental health of 5, 8, 12 and 15 year old children in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, using data collected during dental examinations conducted in schools on a random sample of children by NHS dentists and nurses. The survey measures changes in oral health since the last survey in 2003, and provides information on the distribution and severity of oral diseases and conditions in 2013. The survey oversampled schools with high rates of free school meal eligibility to enable comparison of children from lower income families* (children eligible for free school meals in 2013) with other children of the same age, in terms of their oral health, and related perceptions and behaviours*. The 2013 survey dental examination was extended so that tooth decay (dental caries) could be measured across a range of detection thresholds. This reflects the way in which the detection and management of tooth decay has evolved towards more preventive approaches to care, rather than just providing treatment for disease. This survey provides estimates for dental decay across the continuum of caries, including both restorative and preventive care needs*. Complementary information on the children's experiences, perceptions and behaviours relevant to their oral health was collected from parents and 12 and 15 year old children using self-completion questionnaires. The self-completion questionnaire for older children was introduced for the 2013 survey. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- *In 2013 when this survey took place, a free school meal was a statutory benefit available only to school aged children from families who received other qualifying benefits (such as Income Support). *Differences in clinical outcomes between socio-economic groups are likely to reflect different attitudes, behaviours and experiences relevant to oral health that may also be mediated through other demographic characteristics such as ethnicity and country of birth *Estimates from the four detection thresholds measured in the 2013 survey are available in Report 2.

Blue Light Whitening Toothbrush Head Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Blue Light Whitening Toothbrush Head market size was valued at $480 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $1.26 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 11.2% during 2024–2033. The primary factor fueling the robust growth of this market is the increasing consumer focus on oral aesthetics and advanced dental hygiene solutions, coupled with a surge in demand for at-home teeth whitening technologies. As oral care routines evolve, consumers are increasingly gravitating towards innovative products that promise both convenience and clinically proven results, making blue light whitening toothbrush heads a highly sought-after solution. Technological advancements and the integration of blue light technology into everyday oral care products are further accelerating market adoption globally.

Regional Outlook

North America currently holds the largest share of the global blue light whitening toothbrush head market, accounting for approximately 38% of total revenue in 2024. This dominance can be attributed to the region’s mature oral care market, high consumer awareness, and willingness to invest in premium dental products. The presence of leading oral care brands and a strong culture of dental hygiene, particularly in the United States and Canada, further strengthen North America's market position. In addition, favorable reimbursement policies for dental treatments and a robust distribution network, including the proliferation of online sales channels, have played a pivotal role in driving product adoption. The region’s regulatory environment, which encourages innovation while maintaining stringent safety standards, also supports the steady introduction of new and advanced products.

The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to be the fastest-growing market, registering a remarkable CAGR of 14.5% during the forecast period. This growth is primarily driven by rising disposable incomes, increasing urbanization, and a growing middle-class population with heightened awareness of personal grooming and oral health. Countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, and India are witnessing a surge in demand for technologically advanced oral care products, including blue light whitening toothbrush heads. Aggressive marketing campaigns, expanding e-commerce platforms, and strategic partnerships between global brands and local distributors are amplifying market penetration. Furthermore, the region’s youthful demographic and increasing influence of social media trends related to beauty and self-care are expected to sustain high demand throughout the forecast period.

Emerging economies in Latin America and Middle East & Africa are gradually embracing blue light whitening toothbrush heads, although adoption rates remain modest compared to developed markets. Challenges such as lower consumer awareness, limited access to advanced dental care products, and economic constraints are restraining rapid uptake. However, localized demand is growing, especially in urban centers where consumers are more exposed to global trends and digital marketing. Policy reforms aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and increasing the availability of oral care products are beginning to have a positive impact. Over time, as these regions continue to develop and as consumer education initiatives expand, the market is expected to see a gradual but steady increase in adoption rates.

Report Scope

Oral Care Product Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global oral care product market size reached USD 40.2 billion in 2024, demonstrating robust consumer demand and innovation-driven growth. The market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 5.7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated value of USD 66.1 billion by the end of the forecast period. This steady growth is primarily attributed to rising oral health awareness, increasing disposable incomes in emerging markets, and the continuous introduction of technologically advanced products.

One of the primary growth factors for the oral care product market is the increasing global awareness regarding oral hygiene and its direct correlation with overall health. Educational campaigns by governments and non-governmental organizations, coupled with endorsements from dental associations, have significantly improved consumer understanding of oral diseases and their prevention. Moreover, the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal diseases, and other oral health issues has prompted consumers to adopt preventive oral care routines, thereby fueling demand for a wide range of oral care products. The proliferation of digital media and social platforms has further amplified the reach of oral care awareness campaigns, making information more accessible and actionable for diverse demographics.

Technological advancements and product innovation remain pivotal drivers of growth in the oral care product market. The industry has witnessed the introduction of electric toothbrushes, water flossers, and smart oral care devices that offer personalized oral hygiene solutions. Manufacturers are increasingly leveraging artificial intelligence and IoT technology to develop products that monitor brushing habits, provide real-time feedback, and integrate with mobile applications. Such innovations not only enhance user experience but also address specific oral health concerns, such as plaque removal, gum sensitivity, and teeth whitening. Additionally, the growing trend toward natural and organic oral care products, driven by consumer preference for chemical-free and sustainable options, is reshaping product portfolios and stimulating market expansion.

The evolving retail landscape and the surge in e-commerce have significantly influenced the distribution dynamics of the oral care product market. Online platforms offer unparalleled convenience, product variety, and competitive pricing, making them increasingly popular among consumers, especially in urban areas. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated the shift towards online purchasing, as consumers sought contactless shopping experiences. In response, major oral care brands have strengthened their digital presence, invested in direct-to-consumer channels, and launched subscription-based models to enhance customer loyalty. This transformation in distribution channels has not only increased market penetration but also enabled brands to engage with consumers more effectively through personalized marketing and targeted promotions.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific market has emerged as the fastest-growing segment, driven by rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and heightened awareness of oral hygiene. Countries such as China, India, and Japan are witnessing robust demand for both basic and premium oral care products. North America and Europe continue to be mature markets, characterized by high product penetration and a strong emphasis on technological innovation. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are experiencing gradual growth, supported by improving healthcare infrastructure and increasing investment in oral health education. The diverse regional landscape underscores the importance of tailored marketing strategies and product offerings to address varying consumer preferences and regulatory environments.

Product Type Analysis

The oral care product market encompasses a diverse array of product types, including toothpaste, toothbrushes and accessories, mouthwash/rinses, den

At-home Teeth Shade Guide Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global At-home Teeth Shade Guide market size was valued at $350 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $790 million by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of 9.5% during the forecast period of 2024–2033. The primary driver behind this impressive growth trajectory is the escalating consumer emphasis on dental aesthetics and the rising demand for accessible, user-friendly cosmetic dentistry solutions. The proliferation of digital platforms and the increasing integration of advanced technologies into home-use dental products have further accelerated market expansion, enabling individuals to monitor and enhance their dental appearance conveniently from their homes. As awareness about oral care and cosmetic dental procedures continues to rise globally, the At-home Teeth Shade Guide market is poised for significant transformation and sustained growth.

Regional Outlook

North America currently commands the largest share of the At-home Teeth Shade Guide market, accounting for approximately 38% of global revenue in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the region’s mature dental care infrastructure, high penetration of cosmetic dentistry, and a well-established culture of personal grooming and self-care. The presence of leading manufacturers, coupled with strong distribution networks through both online and offline channels, has ensured widespread product availability. Furthermore, favorable reimbursement policies for certain dental procedures and a growing trend towards do-it-yourself (DIY) oral care solutions have fostered robust consumer adoption. The United States, in particular, has emerged as a hub for innovation in dental products, with a high rate of early adoption for digital shade guides and other technologically advanced at-home dental tools.

The Asia Pacific region is forecasted to be the fastest-growing market, with a projected CAGR of 12.3% from 2024 to 2033. This rapid expansion is propelled by rising disposable incomes, increasing urbanization, and heightened awareness of dental aesthetics among a burgeoning middle-class population. Countries such as China, India, South Korea, and Japan are witnessing significant investments in dental care infrastructure and the proliferation of e-commerce platforms, making at-home teeth shade guides more accessible to consumers. Additionally, aggressive marketing strategies by global and regional players, coupled with the introduction of cost-effective product variants tailored to local preferences, are further driving market penetration. The region’s youthful demographic and growing social media influence are also playing pivotal roles in shaping consumer attitudes towards oral health and cosmetic enhancement.

Emerging economies in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa present unique opportunities and challenges for the At-home Teeth Shade Guide market. While there is increasing awareness of dental aesthetics and a gradual shift towards preventive oral care, these regions face adoption barriers such as limited access to advanced dental products, lower per capita spending on healthcare, and varying regulatory standards. Localized demand is often influenced by cultural attitudes towards cosmetic procedures and the availability of dental professionals equipped to recommend or dispense shade guides. However, ongoing policy reforms aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure, coupled with strategic partnerships between local distributors and global manufacturers, are expected to gradually enhance market penetration in these regions over the coming years.

Report Scope

Baby Oral Care Kits Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the global baby oral care kits market size reached USD 1.42 billion in 2024, registering a robust year-on-year growth. The market is projected to advance at a CAGR of 6.8% during the forecast period, with the total value anticipated to hit USD 2.76 billion by 2033. This growth trajectory is primarily driven by increasing parental awareness about early childhood oral hygiene, the rising prevalence of dental disorders among infants, and the expanding availability of specialized baby oral care products across diverse retail platforms.

One of the primary growth drivers for the baby oral care kits market is the increasing awareness among parents and caregivers regarding the importance of early oral hygiene. Dental professionals and pediatricians are emphasizing the significance of establishing oral care routines from infancy to prevent future dental complications such as early childhood caries and gum diseases. This heightened awareness is further supported by various public health initiatives and educational campaigns conducted by governmental and non-governmental organizations worldwide. As parents become more informed, there is a marked increase in the adoption of baby oral care kits, which are specifically designed to be safe, gentle, and effective for infants and toddlers. The growing penetration of social media and parenting forums has also accelerated the dissemination of information, encouraging parents to invest in high-quality oral care products for their children.

Another significant factor fueling market expansion is the continuous innovation in product formulations and designs by leading manufacturers. Companies are increasingly focusing on developing baby oral care kits that cater to the unique needs of infants and toddlers, such as ultra-soft bristles, fluoride-free toothpaste, and ergonomic handles for easy grip. The introduction of natural and organic ingredients in toothpaste and gum cleaners has resonated well with health-conscious parents who are wary of exposing their children to harsh chemicals. Moreover, the integration of playful designs and attractive packaging is enhancing product appeal, making oral care routines enjoyable for young children. These innovations are not only boosting product adoption but are also enabling brands to differentiate themselves in an increasingly competitive marketplace.

The rapid expansion of distribution channels, particularly online retail, is another pivotal growth enabler for the baby oral care kits market. The proliferation of e-commerce platforms has made it easier for parents to access a wide range of baby oral care products, compare features, and read reviews before making a purchase. Online stores often offer attractive discounts, subscription services, and doorstep delivery, which adds to consumer convenience. Additionally, the presence of baby oral care kits in supermarkets, hypermarkets, pharmacies, and specialty stores ensures widespread availability, catering to both urban and rural consumers. This multi-channel distribution strategy has played a crucial role in driving market penetration and boosting overall sales volumes globally.

From a regional standpoint, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing market for baby oral care kits, driven by a large and rapidly expanding population base, rising disposable incomes, and increasing awareness about pediatric health. North America and Europe continue to hold significant market shares due to their well-established healthcare infrastructure, high product penetration, and a strong focus on preventive healthcare. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing steady growth, propelled by improving healthcare access and a growing emphasis on child wellness. Overall, the global baby oral care kits market is poised for sustained growth, underpinned by favorable demographic trends and a heightened focus on early childhood oral health.

Product Type Analysis

The product type

Enamel-Safe Tooth Gem Remover Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Enamel-Safe Tooth Gem Remover market size was valued at $185 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $410 million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 9.2% during the forecast period of 2025–2033. The primary driver of this robust growth is the surging popularity of cosmetic dental procedures, particularly among younger demographics seeking non-invasive and reversible dental aesthetics. As tooth gems and dental jewelry become more mainstream, the demand for safe, effective, and user-friendly removal solutions has escalated, especially products that guarantee the preservation of enamel integrity during the removal process. This trend is further bolstered by growing consumer awareness regarding oral health, increased accessibility of at-home dental care products, and the rising influence of social media trends promoting dental aesthetics. The market is also witnessing significant innovation in product formulations and delivery mechanisms, which is expected to further stimulate demand and market expansion globally.

Regional Outlook

North America currently commands the largest share of the global enamel-safe tooth gem remover market, accounting for over 38% of the total market value in 2024. The region’s dominance can be attributed to a mature dental care industry, high consumer spending power, and a robust culture of cosmetic dentistry. Regulatory clarity and stringent safety standards have fostered consumer trust and encouraged the adoption of enamel-safe products in both professional dental clinics and at-home settings. The United States, in particular, leads the market due to the proliferation of dental service providers, widespread availability of advanced oral care products, and the influence of celebrity and social media trends driving the popularity of tooth gems. Additionally, the presence of leading manufacturers and aggressive marketing campaigns have further solidified North America’s position at the forefront of this market.

The Asia Pacific region is projected to be the fastest-growing market, with a forecasted CAGR exceeding 12.5% from 2025 to 2033. This impressive growth trajectory is fueled by rising disposable incomes, expanding urban populations, and increasing awareness of dental aesthetics among teenagers and young adults. Countries such as South Korea, Japan, and China are experiencing a surge in demand for cosmetic dental procedures, including tooth gem applications and removals. The region is also witnessing a rapid expansion of online retail channels and direct-to-consumer brands, making enamel-safe tooth gem removers more accessible to a broader demographic. Investments in dental healthcare infrastructure and the growing influence of K-beauty and J-beauty trends are further propelling market growth in Asia Pacific, positioning it as a key engine of global expansion in the coming years.

Emerging economies in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are gradually adopting enamel-safe tooth gem remover products, but face unique challenges. Market penetration in these regions is often constrained by limited access to advanced dental care, lower consumer awareness, and price sensitivity. However, localized demand is steadily increasing, particularly in urban centers where exposure to global beauty trends is higher. Policy initiatives aimed at improving oral health standards and expanding dental care access are beginning to have a positive impact, though infrastructural and regulatory barriers persist. As international brands expand their presence and local players introduce affordable solutions, these regions represent untapped potential for future growth, especially as consumer education and purchasing power improve.

Report Scope

WHO Health Indicators for Algeria

Healthcare Delivery, Socioeconomic and Demographic Statistics

By Humanitarian Data Exchange [source]

About this dataset

This dataset from the World Health Organization (WHO) contains comprehensive data on various health indicators for Algeria. It covers various topics such as mortality, sustainable development, global health estimates, health systems, malaria and tuberculosis, child and infection diseases, public health and environment, substance use and mental health tobacco injuries and violence HIV/AIDS nutrition urban Health noncommunicable diseases financial protection medical equipment demographic socioeconomic statistics essential health technologies medical equipment insecticide resistance oral Health universal healthcare global observatory for eHealth human resources information systems youth AMR glass noncommunicable diseases mental healthcare workforce neglected tropical diseases AMR GASP ICD sexual reproductive care and many more.

It provides resource descriptions that allow users to access individual indicator metadata as well as detailed coverage on different countries in the world. The dataset also includes methods related to registry interlinked with last updated information from WHO’s data portal and license terms provided under a variety of other sources.

The analysis of this dataset allows us to know more about the state of public healthcare in Algeria which can eventually lead us not only to an improved understanding but also better initiatives that are designed to benefit the wellbeing of citizens across this nation

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How to use the dataset

This dataset contains a wide variety of health-related indicators for Algeria from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health portal. This data can be used to gain insights into various socio-economic conditions, health systems, and public policy strategies in Algeria.

Getting Started

Firstly, you should download the dataset from Kaggle and unzip it into a folder of your choice. Then open the .csv file with your favorite spreadsheet or text editor application. After you have opened the dataset file, you will be able to see all of the available categories and indicator variables included in this dataset.

Understanding The Dataset

The columns in this dataset are divided into two categories; GHO (Global Health Observatory) metadata fields and variable fields describing each indicator value. The GHO metadata fields provide contextual information on where each individual healthcare indicator was sourced from including its reference year(s), geographic region/country, data source code/url and publication state code/url among others. These types of fields can be helpful when interpreting more specific results related to an entire given region or country for example. The second category includes variable fields that contain individual healthcare indicators such as mortality rates or access to clean water for example related to a specific region or population group within Algeria as well as their corresponding statistical values such as low & high values collected over a period of time etc.. Additionally it is important to note that columns with ** after them indicate labels which are relevant only if applicable e..g Low**

Best Practices For Analysing Data

When analysing this type of data consider which comparison type(s) would work best given your end goal: absolute comparison between 2+ geographies over same timeframe? Two periods compared comparatively within same geography? Or different measurements all using same base geography (ie one country)? Once you decide what type of analysis makes sense then use applicable filters/areas such as regions , provinces etc & start slicing up datasets according to whatever measure works best until desired outcomes are found e..g filter out by age groups / sex / marital status / ethnicity etc rather than downloading entire table with all stats together thereby simplifying efforts & narrowing down scope greatly improving accuracy along way whilst identifying potential must know trends quickly through visualisations generated Charts / tables when combined often highlight underlying relationships quickly which is key before analysing further Deep diving combined datasets by cross referencing various indices allowing viewers gain even better insights specially when combined structured narrative explanations composed backed up by facts

Research Ideas

• Creating visualizations that show changes in health indicators over tim...

The 2009 Adult Dental Health Survey (ADHS) is the fifth in a series of national dental surveys that have been carried out every decade since 1968. The main purpose of these surveys has been to get a picture of the dental health of the adult population and how this has changed over time. The tables in the report are available to download in Excel format in the ADHS tables in Excel format.zip file

Tongue Cleaning Gel Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Tongue Cleaning Gel market size was valued at $315 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $610 million by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of 7.8% during the forecast period of 2025–2033. The primary driver fueling this growth is the increasing consumer awareness regarding the significance of oral hygiene and the role of tongue cleaning in preventing bad breath and oral diseases. This heightened consciousness, coupled with an expanding base of health-focused consumers and a rising prevalence of oral health issues, is propelling the demand for innovative tongue cleaning solutions globally. The market is further supported by the introduction of advanced formulations, such as herbal and alcohol-free gels, catering to consumer preferences for safer and more natural oral care products.

Regional Outlook

North America currently commands the largest share of the global tongue cleaning gel market, accounting for approximately 38% of the total market value in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the region's mature oral care industry, high consumer awareness, and the widespread adoption of premium oral hygiene products. The presence of leading market players, robust distribution networks, and an established culture of preventive dental care also contribute significantly to North America's leadership. Additionally, favorable government policies supporting oral health, coupled with high disposable incomes, have fostered a conducive environment for the proliferation of innovative tongue cleaning gel products. The region’s dental professionals and clinics actively recommend tongue cleaning as part of routine oral hygiene, further reinforcing product uptake.

The Asia Pacific region is projected to be the fastest-growing market for tongue cleaning gel, with an impressive CAGR of 9.3% during 2025–2033. This rapid growth is driven by rising health awareness, increasing urbanization, and a growing middle-class population with higher spending power. Countries such as China, India, and Japan are witnessing a surge in demand due to cultural emphasis on oral hygiene and a shift towards modern oral care practices. The influx of international brands, local manufacturing expansion, and aggressive marketing campaigns are accelerating market penetration. Moreover, the proliferation of online retail channels and the growing influence of social media health trends are making tongue cleaning gels more accessible and appealing to younger demographics in the region.

Emerging economies in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are also experiencing a gradual increase in the adoption of tongue cleaning gels, although the pace is tempered by challenges such as lower consumer awareness, limited access to specialized oral care products, and economic constraints. In these regions, localized demand is often shaped by traditional oral hygiene practices, and penetration of tongue cleaning gels is primarily concentrated in urban centers and among higher-income groups. However, ongoing public health campaigns and partnerships with local dental associations are slowly overcoming barriers to adoption. Regulatory reforms and the introduction of affordable product variants tailored to local preferences are expected to further stimulate market growth in these developing markets over the forecast period.

Report Scope

Smart Oral Care Water Flosser Pro Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global smart oral care water flosser pro market size reached USD 1.12 billion in 2024, driven by increasing oral health awareness and the adoption of advanced dental hygiene devices. The market is expected to grow at a robust CAGR of 8.4% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a projected value of USD 2.24 billion by 2033. The surge in demand is attributed to the growing prevalence of dental issues, technological advancements in oral care devices, and the expanding consumer base seeking more effective and convenient oral hygiene solutions.

The primary growth driver for the smart oral care water flosser pro market is the rising consumer awareness about the importance of oral hygiene and preventive dental care. Increasing incidences of periodontal diseases, dental caries, and gum infections have made consumers more conscious about maintaining oral health. This awareness is being further amplified by campaigns from dental associations and health organizations worldwide. As a result, consumers are shifting from traditional dental floss to more advanced and efficient solutions like smart water flossers, which offer superior cleaning, ease of use, and enhanced user experience. The integration of smart technologies, such as Bluetooth connectivity and app-based monitoring, has also played a pivotal role in attracting tech-savvy consumers and younger demographics who are keen on tracking their health metrics, including oral hygiene.

Another significant factor propelling the market growth is the rapid technological innovation in the oral care sector. Manufacturers are constantly introducing new features, such as customizable water pressure settings, multiple cleaning modes, and real-time feedback through connected apps, to differentiate their products and cater to diverse consumer needs. The development of portable and cordless models has further expanded the market reach, enabling users to maintain oral hygiene on the go. In addition, the increasing penetration of e-commerce platforms and online retail channels has made it easier for consumers to access a wide range of smart oral care products, compare features, and make informed purchasing decisions. These advancements have not only improved the effectiveness of water flossers but have also enhanced user convenience, driving higher adoption rates globally.

The growing trend of preventive healthcare and the rising disposable income in emerging economies are also contributing to the expansion of the smart oral care water flosser pro market. Consumers are increasingly willing to invest in premium oral care devices that offer long-term benefits and reduce the risk of costly dental treatments. The expansion of dental insurance coverage and the growing presence of dental clinics and hospitals in developing regions have further boosted the demand for advanced oral care solutions. Additionally, the influence of social media, endorsements by dental professionals, and positive user reviews are encouraging more consumers to adopt smart water flossers as part of their daily oral care routines. These factors collectively indicate a promising outlook for the market, with sustained growth expected over the forecast period.

Regionally, North America continues to dominate the smart oral care water flosser pro market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The high adoption rate in North America is primarily due to advanced healthcare infrastructure, high disposable income, and strong consumer awareness. Europe is also witnessing significant growth, driven by increasing health consciousness and government initiatives promoting oral health. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a lucrative market, supported by a large population base, rising healthcare expenditure, and increasing urbanization. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually catching up, with growing awareness and expanding distribution networks facilitating market penetration.

Product Type A

The global floss pick market, valued at $639.8 million in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by increasing awareness of oral hygiene and the convenience offered by floss picks compared to traditional dental floss. The market's 3.7% CAGR from 2019-2024 suggests a continued expansion through 2033. Key drivers include rising disposable incomes in developing economies leading to increased spending on personal care products, and the growing prevalence of periodontal diseases necessitating effective interdental cleaning. Furthermore, the market is witnessing a shift towards innovative designs, such as ergonomic handles and various shapes (F-shape and Y-shape) catering to diverse consumer preferences and improving cleaning efficacy. The rising popularity of floss picks among younger demographics, fueled by social media influence and targeted marketing campaigns, also contributes significantly to market growth. While the market faces potential restraints like the availability of cheaper alternatives and occasional concerns about potential gum damage if used improperly, these are offset by continuous product innovation and educational initiatives promoting proper usage. The market segmentation, with applications spanning medical, commercial, and residential sectors, indicates diverse usage scenarios, contributing to the market's overall robustness. Major players like Procter & Gamble, Johnson & Johnson, and Colgate-Palmolive dominate the market, competing through product differentiation, branding, and distribution strategies. The regional distribution of the market reveals a significant concentration in North America and Europe, driven by high levels of oral health awareness and established healthcare infrastructure. However, developing economies in Asia-Pacific, particularly China and India, represent significant growth opportunities due to their burgeoning middle class and rising dental care expenditure. The market is expected to witness increased competition as smaller, niche players introduce specialized floss picks, focusing on eco-friendly materials and specific dental needs. This competitive landscape will stimulate innovation and further drive market growth, leading to an even more diversified and advanced floss pick market in the coming years. The continued emphasis on preventative dental care globally will further bolster market expansion, solidifying the floss pick's position as a critical oral hygiene tool.

Overview

The Dental Biomaterials Market is projected to grow from USD 9.5 billion in 2023 to USD 19.6 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 7.5%. This growth is strongly driven by the rising prevalence of dental disorders worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, oral diseases impact nearly 3.5 billion people, making them among the most widespread health conditions. The increasing patient pool is generating significant demand for restorative, regenerative, and prosthetic biomaterials. These materials are essential for addressing cavities, tooth loss, and periodontal diseases.

An aging population is another critical factor contributing to market expansion. Older adults are more prone to oral complications such as edentulism, tooth decay, and gum diseases. United Nations projections suggest that the population aged 60 years and above will reach 2.1 billion by 2050. This demographic shift is expected to elevate the requirement for implants, dentures, and advanced biomaterials. Such products provide durability and improved oral function, making them indispensable for geriatric care.

The growing adoption of cosmetic dentistry is further supporting the industry’s trajectory. Rising disposable incomes, especially in developed economies, have made aesthetic dental treatments more accessible. Procedures involving crowns, veneers, and implants crafted from zirconia or ceramics are witnessing higher acceptance. Enhanced awareness of dental appearance and social confidence is influencing consumers to invest in such solutions. As a result, dental biomaterials used in aesthetic and functional restorations are gaining strong market traction.

Additionally, technological advancements are shaping the future of dental biomaterials. Innovations in nanotechnology, bioactive composites, and 3D printing have improved treatment precision and outcomes. CAD/CAM-integrated ceramics and bioresorbable scaffolds enhance biocompatibility and patient comfort. These breakthroughs are transforming dentistry by enabling minimally invasive and durable treatments. Continuous research in biocompatible polymers and smart materials is expected to drive wider clinical adoption. As technologies mature, they will support both cost efficiency and clinical reliability, further expanding the market landscape.

Emerging Opportunities and Strategic Factors

The expansion of dental tourism presents significant opportunities for the biomaterials market. Countries such as India, Mexico, Thailand, and Hungary have become key destinations for international patients. These regions offer advanced dental care at competitive prices, making them attractive alternatives to costly treatments in developed nations. Affordable biomaterials combined with high-quality care have created a favorable environment for growth. The rise of dental tourism not only increases patient inflow but also expands the global footprint of biomaterial manufacturers.

Government support and institutional initiatives are also reinforcing market growth. Public health campaigns focused on oral care and increased funding for dental infrastructure are accelerating demand. Policies encouraging research in regenerative biomaterials and reimbursement for dental procedures have further strengthened adoption. Such initiatives are particularly relevant in developing economies where access to oral healthcare is being prioritized. Investments from both private and public sectors are contributing to an improved ecosystem for dental treatments.

Economic trends are enhancing affordability and accessibility of dental services. Rising disposable incomes, particularly in emerging markets, are making advanced dental treatments more attainable. Increased healthcare spending globally is driving a higher focus on oral care. A growing middle-class population is also fueling demand for implants, crowns, and dentures. As affordability improves, patients are increasingly opting for treatments that use high-quality and sustainable biomaterials. This shift supports long-term expansion of the global market.

Sustainability and biocompatibility are emerging as key themes within the sector. There is growing emphasis on eco-friendly materials such as bioceramics and bioresorbable composites. Regulatory bodies are promoting safer and more environmentally responsible solutions, while patients and clinicians prefer biologically compatible options. This trend reflects a broader global movement toward sustainable healthcare practices. Manufacturers adopting green innovations and focusing on biocompatibility are expected to gain competitive advantages. These factors indicate a progressive transformation of the dental biomaterials market toward safer, more sustainable solutions.

Mouthwash Market Outlook

The global mouthwash market size was valued at approximately USD 8.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 14.2 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.0% during the forecast period. This substantial growth can be attributed to a rising awareness regarding oral hygiene, increasing prevalence of dental diseases, and the expanding adoption of preventive healthcare measures across the globe. As consumers become more health-conscious, there is a growing emphasis on maintaining oral health, which is expected to drive the demand for mouthwash products. The convenience factor associated with mouthwash, which offers an easy and effective way to maintain oral hygiene, further contributes to the market's growth.

One of the primary growth factors in the mouthwash market is the increasing awareness about oral hygiene and its significance in overall health. With numerous studies linking oral health to various systemic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and respiratory infections, consumers are more inclined to adopt comprehensive oral care routines. This growing knowledge is being disseminated through public health campaigns, social media, and healthcare professionals, thereby encouraging the use of mouthwash as a preventive measure against oral health issues. Additionally, the aging population, which is more prone to dental problems, is another demographic contributing to the increased demand for mouthwash products.

The expanding middle-class population in emerging markets is also a significant growth driver for the mouthwash market. As disposable incomes rise, consumers are increasingly willing to spend on premium oral care products, including mouthwash, as part of their daily hygiene regimen. This trend is particularly notable in regions such as Asia Pacific and Latin America, where rapid urbanization and improving living standards are prompting a shift towards modern and sophisticated oral care solutions. Furthermore, the availability of a wide range of flavored and therapeutic mouthwashes caters to diverse consumer preferences, further bolstering market growth.

Technology and innovation play a crucial role in driving the mouthwash market forward. Manufacturers are continuously investing in research and development to formulate advanced products that offer multiple benefits, such as teeth whitening, anti-plaque, and anti-cavity properties, alongside traditional breath freshening. The introduction of new ingredients, such as natural and herbal extracts, has also catered to the growing demand for organic and chemical-free products among health-conscious consumers. These innovations not only enhance the efficacy of mouthwash products but also appeal to a broader customer base, thereby fueling market expansion.

The growing trend of pet ownership has led to increased attention on the oral health of pets, which is driving the demand for specialized products like Pet Mouthwash. Pet owners are becoming more aware of the importance of maintaining their pets' oral hygiene to prevent diseases such as periodontal disease, which is common among dogs and cats. Pet Mouthwash offers a convenient solution for pet owners looking to enhance their pets' dental care routine without the hassle of traditional brushing. This product is designed to be safe and effective, often containing ingredients that help reduce plaque and tartar buildup while freshening breath. As the pet care industry continues to expand, the introduction of Pet Mouthwash is expected to gain traction, appealing to a growing demographic of conscientious pet owners seeking comprehensive health solutions for their furry companions.

Regionally, North America currently holds a significant share of the mouthwash market, driven by high consumer awareness and well-established oral care routines. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, with a CAGR of around 7.5%. The region's burgeoning middle class, increasing disposable income, and growing focus on personal hygiene are expected to propel the demand for mouthwash products. Meanwhile, Europe remains a substantial market due to its mature oral care industry and strong presence of key market players.

Product Type Analysis

The mouthwash market is segmented into product types such as cosmetic mouthwash, therapeutic mouthwash, antiseptic mouthwash, and others. Cosmetic mouthwashes primarily focus on br

Abstract

Purpose: The multi-country Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) is run by the World Health Organization's Multi-Country Studies unit in the Innovation, Information, Evidence and Research Cluster. SAGE is part of the unit's Longitudinal Study Programme which is compiling longitudinal data on the health and well-being of adult populations, and the ageing process, through primary data collection and secondary data analysis. INDEPTH SAGE Wave 1 (2006/7) provides data on the health and well-being of adults in: Ghana, India and South Africa.

Objectives: To obtain reliable, valid and comparable health, health-related and well-being data over a range of key domains for adult and older adult populations in nationally representative samples To examine patterns and dynamics of age-related changes in health and well-being using longitudinal follow-up of a cohort as they age, and to investigate socio-economic consequences of these health changes To supplement and cross-validate self-reported measures of health and the anchoring vignette approach to improving comparability of self-reported measures, through measured performance tests for selected health domains To collect health examination and biomarker data that improves reliability of morbidity and risk factor data and to objectively monitor the effect of interventions

Additional Objectives: To generate large cohorts of older adult populations and comparison cohorts of younger populations for following-up intermediate outcomes, monitoring trends, examining transitions and life events, and addressing relationships between determinants and health, well-being and health-related outcomes To develop a mechanism to link survey data to demographic surveillance site data To build linkages with other national and multi-country ageing studies To improve the methodologies to enhance the reliability and validity of health outcomes and determinants data To provide a public-access information base to engage all stakeholders, including national policy makers and health systems planners, in planning and decision-making processes about the health and well-being of older adults

Methods: INDEPTH SAGE's first full round of data collection included persons aged 50 years and older in the health and demographic surveillance sites. All persons aged 50+ years (for example, spouses and siblings) were invited to participate. Standardized SAGE survey instruments were used in all countries consisting of two main parts: 1) household questionnaire; 2) individual questionnaire. The procedures for including country-specific adaptations to the standardized questionnaire and translations into local languages from English follow those developed by and used for the World Health Survey.

Content - Household questionnaire 0000 Coversheet 0100 Sampling Information 0200 Geocoding and GPS Information 0300 Recontact Information 0350 Contact Record 0400 Household Roster 0450 Kish Tables and Household Consent 0500 Housing 0600 Household and Family Support Networks and Transfers 0700 Assets and Household Income 0800 Household Expenditures 0900 Interviewer Observations

• Individual questionnaire 1000 Socio-Demographic Characteristics 1500 Work History and Benefits 2000 Health State Descriptions and Vignettes 2500 Anthropometrics, Performance Tests and Biomarkers 3000 Risk Factors and Preventive Health Behaviours 4000 Chronic Conditions and Health Services Coverage 5000 Health Care Utilization 6000 Social Cohesion 7000 Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life (WHOQoL-8 and Day Reconstruction Method) 8000 Impact of Caregiving 9000 Interviewer Assessment

Geographic coverage

Rural subdistrict Mpumalanga Province

Analysis unit

household and individuals

Universe

Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Site fifty plus population

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Simple random sample of 575 persons 50 years and older with an oversample of women from the 2005 HDSS census.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires were based on the WHS Model Questionnaire with some modification and many new additions. A household questionnaire was administered to all households eligible for the study. An Individual questionnaire was administered to eligible respondents identified from the household roster. The questionnaires were developed in English and were piloted as part of the SAGE pretest. All documents were translated into Shangaan.

Cleaning operations

Data editing took place at a number of stages including: (1) office editing and coding (2) during data entry (3) structural checking of the CSPro files (4) range and consistency secondary edits in Stata

Response rate

86% of participants accepted to participate, 10% were not found and 4% refused to participate.

Abstract

The multi-country Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) is run by the World Health Organization's Multi-Country Studies unit in the Health Systems and Innovation Cluster. SAGE is part of the unit's Longitudinal Study Programme which is compiling longitudinal data on the health and well-being of adult populations, and the ageing process, through primary data collection and secondary data analysis. SAGE baseline data (Wave 0, 2002/3) was collected as part of WHO's World Health Survey http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/en/index.html (WHS). SAGE Wave 2 (2014/15) provides a comprehensive data set on the health and well-being of adults in six low and middle-income countries: China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation and South Africa.

Objectives: To obtain reliable, valid and comparable health, health-related and well-being data over a range of key domains for adult and older adult populations in nationally representative samples To examine patterns and dynamics of age-related changes in health and well-being using longitudinal follow-up of a cohort as they age, and to investigate socio-economic consequences of these health changes To supplement and cross-validate self-reported measures of health and the anchoring vignette approach to improving comparability of self-reported measures, through measured performance tests for selected health domains To collect health examination and biomarker data that improves reliability of morbidity and risk factor data and to objectively monitor the effect of interventions

Additional Objectives: To generate large cohorts of older adult populations and comparison cohorts of younger populations for following-up intermediate outcomes, monitoring trends, examining transitions and life events, and addressing relationships between determinants and health, well-being and health-related outcomes To develop a mechanism to link survey data to demographic surveillance site data To build linkages with other national and multi-country ageing studies To improve the methodologies to enhance the reliability and validity of health outcomes and determinants data To provide a public-access information base to engage all stakeholders, including national policy makers and health systems planners, in planning and decision-making processes about the health and well-being of older adults

Methods: SAGE's first full round of data collection included both follow-up and new respondents in most participating countries. The goal of the sampling design was to obtain a nationally representative cohort of persons aged 50 years and older, with a smaller cohort of persons aged 18 to 49 for comparison purposes. In the older households, all persons aged 50+ years (for example, spouses and siblings) were invited to participate. Proxy respondents were identified for respondents who were unable to respond for themselves. Standardized SAGE survey instruments were used in all countries consisting of five main parts: 1) household questionnaire; 2) individual questionnaire; 3) proxy questionnaire; 4) verbal autopsy questionnaire; and, 5) appendices including showcards. A VAQ was completed for deaths in the household over the last 24 months. The procedures for including country-specific adaptations to the standardized questionnaire and translations into local languages from English follow those developed by and used for the World Health Survey.

Content: - Household questionnaire 0000 Coversheet 0100 Sampling Information 0200 Geocoding and GPS Information 0300 Recontact Information 0350 Contact Record 0400 Household Roster 0450 Kish Tables and Household Consent 0500 Housing 0600 Household and Family Support Networks and Transfers 0700 Assets and Household Income 0800 Household Expenditures 0900 Interviewer Observations

• Verbal Autopsy questionnaire Section 1: Information on the Deceased and Date/Place of Death Section 1A7: Vital Registration and Certification Section 2: Information on the Respondent Section 3A: Medical History Associated with Final Illness Section 3B: General Signs and Symptoms Associated with Final Illness Section 3E: History of Injuries/Accidents Section 3G: Health Service Utilization Section 4: Background Section 5A: Interviewer Observations

• Individual questionnaire 1000 Socio-Demographic Characteristics 1500 Work History and Benefits 2000 Health State Descriptions 2500 Anthropometrics, Performance Tests and Biomarkers 3000 Risk Factors and Preventive Health Behaviours 4000 Chronic Conditions and Health Services Coverage 5000 Health Care Utilisation 6000 Social Networks 7000 Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life (WHOQoL-8 and Day Reconstruction Method) 8000 Impact of Caregiving 9000 Interviewer Assessment

• Proxy Questionnaire Section1 Respondent Characteristics and IQ CODE Section2 Health State Descriptions Section4 Chronic Conditions and Health Services Coverage Section5 Health Care Utilisation

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households and individuals

Universe

The household section of the survey covered all households in 31 of the 32 federal states in Mexico. Colima was excluded. Institutionalised populations are excluded. The individual section covered all persons aged 18 years and older residing within individual households. As the focus of SAGE is older adults, a much larger sample of respondents aged 50 years and older was selected with a smaller comparative sample of respondents aged 18-49 years.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In Mexico strata were defined by locality (metropolitan, urban, rural). All 211 PSUs selected for wave 1 were included in the wave 2 sample. A sub-sample of 211 PSUs was selected from the 797 WHS PSUs for the wave 1 sample. The Basic Geo-Statistical Areas (AGEB) defined by the National Institute of Statistics (INEGI) constitutes a PSU. PSUs were selected probability proportional to three factors: a) (WHS/SAGE Wave 0 50plus): number of WHS/SAGE Wave 0 50-plus interviewed at the PSU, b) (State Population): population of the state to which the PSU belongs, c) (WHS/SAGE Wave 0 PSU at county): number of PSUs selected from the county to which the PSU belongs for the WHS/SAGE Wave 0 The first and third factors were included to reduce geographic dispersion. Factor two affords states with larger populations a greater chance of selection.

All WHS/SAGE Wave 0 individuals aged 50 years or older in the selected rural or urban PSUs and a random sample 90% of individuals aged 50 years or older in metropolitan PSUs who had been interviewed for the WHS/SAGE Wave 0 were included in the SAGE Wave 1 ''primary'' sample. The remaining 10% of WHS/SAGE Wave 0 individuals aged 50 years or older in metropolitan areas were then allocated as a ''replacement'' sample for individuals who could not be contacted or did not consent to participate in SAGE Wave 1. A systematic sample of 1000 WHS/SAGE Wave 0 individuals aged 18-49 across all selected PSUs was selected as the ''primary'' sample and 500 as a ''replacement'' sample.

This selection process resulted in a sample which had an over-representation of individuals from metropolitan strata; therefore, it was decided to increase the number of individuals aged 50 years or older from rural and urban strata. This was achieved by including individuals who had not been part of WHS/SAGE Wave 0 (which became a ''supplementary'' sample), although the household in which they lived included an individual from WHS/SAGE Wave 0. All individuals aged 50 or over were included from rural and urban ''18-49 households'' (that is, where an individual aged 18-49 was included in WHS/SAGE Wave 0) as part of the ''primary supplementary'' sample. A systematic random sample of individuals aged 50 years or older was then obtained from urban and rural households where an individual had already been selected as part of the 50 years and older or 18-49 samples. These individuals then formed part of the ''primary supplementary'' sample and the remainder (that is, those not systematically selected) were allocated to the ''replacement supplementary'' sample. Thus, all individuals aged 50 years or older who lived in households in urban and rural PSUs obtained for SAGE Wave 1 were selected as either a primary or replacement participant. A final ''replacement'' sample for the 50 and over age group was obtained from a systematic sample of all individuals aged 50 or over from households which included the individuals already selected for either the 50 and over or 18-49. This sampling strategy also provided participants who had not been included in WHS/SAGE Wave 0, but lived in a household where an individual had been part of WHS/SAGE Wave 0 (that is, the ''supplementary'' sample), in addition to follow-up of individuals who had been included in the WHS/SAGE Wave 0 sample.

Strata: Locality = 3 PSU: AGEBs = 211 SSU: Households = 6549 surveyed TSU: Individual = 6342 surveyed

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f], CAPI

Research instrument

The questionnaires were based on the SAGE Wave 1 Questionnaires with some modification and new additions, except for verbal autopsy. SAGE Wave 2 used the 2012 version of the WHO Verbal Autopsy Questionnare. SAGE Wave 1 used an adapted version of the Sample Vital Registration iwth Verbal Autopsy (SAVVY) questionnaire. A Household questionnaire was administered to all households eligible for the study. A Verbal Autopsy questionnaire was administered to 50 plus households only. In follow-up 50 plus household if the death occured since the last wave of the study and in a new 50 plus household if the death occurred in the