Abstract

The Sahel Women Empowerment and Demographic Dividend (P150080) project in Burkina Faso focuses on advancing women's empowerment to spur demographic transition and mitigate gender disparities. This project seeks to empower young women by promoting entrepreneurship through business skills training and grants, and by enhancing access to reproductive health information and contraception, thereby aiming to lower fertility rates.

The World Bank Africa Gender Innovation Lab, along with its partners, is conducting detailed impact evaluations of the SWEDD program’s key initiatives to gauge their effects on child marriage, fertility, and the empowerment of adolescent girls and young women.

This data represents the first round of data collection (baseline) for the impact evaluation and include a household and community level surveys. The household level sample comprises 9857 households, 70,169 individuals and 9382 adolescent girls and young wives aged 24 living in the Boucle du Mouhoun and the East regions of Burkina Faso. The community level sample includes 175 villages.

The insights derived from this survey could help policymakers develop strategies to: - Reduce fertility and child marriage by enhancing access to contraceptives and broadening reproductive health education. - Promote women’s empowerment by increasing their participation in economic activities

This data is valuable for planners who focus on improving living standards, particularly for women. The Ministry of Women, National Solidarity, Family, and Humanitarian Action of Burkina Faso, along with District Authorities, Research Institutions, NGOs, and the general public, stand to benefit from this survey data.

Geographic coverage

Burkina Faso, Regions of Boucle du Mouhoun and East

Analysis unit

The unit of analysis is adolescent girls for the adolescent survey and households for the household survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

We randomly selected 200 villages from the 11 provinces in the two regions of the Boucle du Mouhoun and the East. The 200 villages were selected proportionally, based on the formula (Np/N)*200, where Np represents the number of eligible villages in the province and N the total number of eligible villages. 25 villages were later dropped because of lack of safety.

A census was first administered in each village to identify eligible girls and young wives, as well as households with these eligible individuals. All households with at least one eligible person then constituted the universe from which the survey sample was drawn. In total 9857 households and 9382 girls and young wives were sampled. A village-level questionnaire was also administered.

The objective of the baseline survey was to build a comprehensive dataset, which would serve as a reference point for the entire sample, before treatment and control assignment and program implementation.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The data consists of responses from households to questions pertaining to: 1. List of household members 2. Education of household members 3. Occupations of household members 4. Characteristics of housing and durable goods 5. Food security 6. Household head's aspirations, as well as those of a boy aged 12 to 24 7. Opinions on women's empowerment and gender equality

The questionnaire administrated to girls contains the following sections: 1. Education 2. Marriage and children 3. Aspirations 4. Health and family planning 5. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS 6. Women's empowerment 7. Gender-based violence 8. Income-generating activities 9. Savings and credit 10. Personal relationships and social networks 11. Committee members and community participation

The questionnaire administered at the village-level contains the following sections: 1. Social norms (marriage norms) 2. Ethnic and religious compositions 3. Economic infrastructures (markets and roads) 4. Social services a. Health b. Education

The household questionnaire was administered to the head of the household or to an authorized person capable of answering questions about all individuals in the household. The adolescent questionnaire was administered to each eligible pre-selected individual within the household. Considering the modules of the adolescent questionnaire, it was only administered by female enumerators. The village-level questionnaire was administered to a group of three to five village leaders with enough knowledge of the village. The enumerators were instructed to include women in this group whenever possible. The questionnaires were written in French, translated into the local languages, and programmed on tablets in French using the CAPI program.

Cleaning operations

Data was anonymized through decoding and local suppression.

No description was included in this Dataset collected from the OSF

Abstract

The Sahel Women Empowerment and Demographic Dividend (P150080) project is a regional project aiming to accelerate the demographic transition by addressing both supply- and demand-side constraints to family planning and reproductive and sexual health. To achieve its objective, the project targets adolescent girls and young women mainly between the ages of 8 and 24, who are vulnerable to early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and early school drop-out. The project targeted 9 countries of the Sahel and Western Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger) and is expanding in other African countries. The SWEDD is structured into three main components: component 1 seeks to generate demand for reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child health and nutrition products and services; component 2 seeks to improve supply of these products and qualified personnel; and component 3 seeks to strengthen national capacity and policy dialogue.

The World Bank Africa Gender Innovation Lab and its partners are conducting rigorous impact evaluations of key interventions under component 1 to assess their effects on child marriage, fertility, and adolescent girls and young women’s empowerment. The interventions were a set of activities targeting adolescent girls and their communities, designed in collaboration with the government of Côte d’Ivoire. These were (i) safe spaces to empower girls through the provision of life skills and SRH education; (ii) support to income-generating activities (IGA) with the provision of grants and entrepreneurship training; (iii) husbands’ and future husbands’ clubs, providing boys of the community with life skills and SRH education; and finally (iv) community sensitization by religious and village leaders. The latter two have the objective to change restrictive social norms and create an enabling environment for girls’ empowerment.

These data represent the first round of data collection (baseline) for the impact evaluation.

Geographic coverage

Mali, Regions of Kayes, Ségou and Sikasso

Analysis unit

Households, individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The baseline sample comprises 8776 households and 7463 girls living in the regions of Kayes, Sikasso and Ségou in Mali. To define the sample, we partnered with INSTAT Mali. At first, INSTAT conducted a census of the population living in the areas around the 49 schools selected by the education focal point that will all benefit from the SWEDD program. Therefore, census activities were concentrated in 287 villages located within a radius of 10/15km around these schools. Eventually, 10 villages had to be dropped due to security reasons. Keeping with the eligibility criteria of surveying villages where there were at least 10 households with a girl aged between 12 and 24 years old, 270 villages were eventually sampled. Households were surveyed before randomization into groups assigned to receive the SWEDD program.

The objective of the baseline survey was to build a comprehensive dataset, which would serve as a reference point for the entire sample, before treatment and control assignment and program implementation.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The questionnaire administrated to girls contains the following sections: 1. Education 2. Marriage and children 3. Aspirations 4. Health and family planning 5. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS 6. Women's empowerment 7. Gender-based violence 8. Income-generating activities 9. Savings and credit 10. Personal relationships and social networks 11. Committee members and community participation

The household questionnaire was administered to the head of the household or to an authorized person capable of answering questions about all individuals in the household. The adolescent questionnaire was administered to an eligible pre-selected girl within the household. Considering the modules of the adolescent questionnaire, it was only administered by female enumerators. The questionnaires were written in French, translated into Bambara, and programmed on tablets in French using the CAPI program.

Abstract

The SWEDD is a regional project aiming to accelerate the demographic transition by addressing both supply- and demand-side constraints to family planning and reproductive and sexual health. To achieve its objective, the project targets adolescent girls and young women mainly between the ages of 8 and 24, who are vulnerable to early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and early school drop-out. The project targeted 9 countries of the Sahel and Western Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger) and is expanding in other African countries. The SWEDD is structured into three main components: component 1 seeks to generate demand for reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child health and nutrition products and services; component 2 seeks to improve supply of these products and qualified personnel; and component 3 seeks to strengthen national capacity and policy dialogue.

The World Bank Africa Gender Innovation Lab and its partners are conducting rigorous impact evaluations of key interventions under component 1 to assess their effects on child marriage, fertility, and adolescent girls and young women’s empowerment. The interventions were a set of activities targeting adolescent girls and their communities, designed in collaboration with the government of Mauritania. These were (i) safe spaces to empower girls through the provision of life skills and SRH education; (ii) Cash transfer to cover girls’ expenses (transportation cost, food…); (iii) support to income-generating activities (IGA) with the provision of grants and entrepreneurship training and finally (iv) community sensitization by religious and village leaders. The latter two have the objective to change restrictive social norms and create an enabling environment for girls’ empowerment.

These data represent the first round of data collection (baseline) for the impact evaluation. The sample comprises 5,324 households and girls living in the regions of Assaba, Guidimagha, Hodh Charghy et Hodh Gharby.

The information gathered from the survey may aid decision makers in the formulation of economic and social policies to: - reduce fertility and child marriage by improving access to contraceptive methods and improving reproductive health knowledge. - foster women’s empowerment through enhancing their access to economic activities.

The survey can be an important source of information for planners to know how to improve the quality of people's living standards, in particular women’s living conditions. The Ministry of Social Affairs, Children and Families and the Ministry of National Education of Mauritania would benefit from the data of this survey, together with other public organizations working on girls and women empowerment and reproductive health. District Authorities, Research Institutions, Non-Governmental Organizations and the general public will also benefit from the survey data.

Geographic coverage

Four regions of Mauritania : Assaba, Guidimagha, Hodh Charghy et Hodh Gharby.

Analysis unit

Households, individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The study was conducted in 74 localities and 55 secondary schools in the regions of de Assaba, Guidimagha, Hodh Charghy et Hodh Gharby. The sampling procedure involves several steps to ensure comprehensive coverage of the target populations. For the Ministry of National Education (MEN), 55 eligible secondary schools located in the chief towns of communes have been identified. The census is conducted in these chief towns and surrounding localities where students reside. In localities with fewer than 400 households, the entire locality is surveyed. In larger localities, the survey is conducted in the enumeration zones containing the schools and one or two adjacent zones. For the Ministry of Social Affairs, Childhood and Family (MASEF), the program targets chief towns of communes not part of the "Tekavoul" program and excludes chief towns of Mougataa and Wilaya. In chief towns with fewer than 400 households, the entire town is surveyed, while in larger towns, the two enumeration zones with the highest number of women are surveyed. The MASEF safe spaces target women aged 15 to 29 who are out of school or never attended school, from households with the lowest socio-economic scores based on durable goods, access to basic infrastructure, and housing characteristics. Similarly, the MEN safe spaces target school-going girls from households with the lowest scores. The scholarship program involves individual randomization of girls sampled for MEN safe spaces, forming two groups: one receiving scholarships (1084 girls) and the other not receiving scholarships (1080 girls). This systematic approach ensures a thorough evaluation of the project's impact across different regions and target populations.

The objective of the baseline survey was to build a comprehensive dataset, which would serve as a reference point for the entire sample, before treatment and control assignment and program implementation.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The data consists of responses from households to questions pertaining to: 1. List of household members 2. Education and employment of household members 3. Characteristics of housing and durable goods 4. Chocs and food security 5. Household head's aspirations for their children 6. Attitudes on women's empowerment and gender equality

The questionnaire administrated to girls contains the following sections: 1. Education 2. Marriage and children 3. Aspirations 4. Reproductive health and family planning 5. Psycho-social 6. Women's empowerment 7. Gender-based violence 8. Income-generating activities 9. Savings and credits 10. Personal relationships and social networks 11. Migration

The household questionnaire was administered to the head of the household or to an authorized person capable of answering questions about all individuals in the household. The adolescent questionnaire was administered to an eligible pre-selected girl within the household. Considering the modules of the adolescent questionnaire, it was only administered by female enumerators. The questionnaires were written in French and programmed on tablets in French using the CAPI program.

Indian Whiskies Market Outlook

The global Indian whiskies market size is currently valued at approximately $23 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach a staggering $35 billion by 2032, exhibiting a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.75% over the forecast period. The burgeoning growth in this market can largely be attributed to the increasing global demand for premium and luxury spirits. A growing acceptance of whisky as a versatile spirit, coupled with India's rich heritage in whisky production, has amplified interest in both domestic and international markets. Key factors driving this market include the rising disposable incomes, changing consumer preferences towards premium beverages, and the influence of western culture, which collectively have played a significant role in shaping the market dynamics.

The growth of the Indian whiskies market is underpinned by a variety of cultural, economic, and social factors. The Indian whisky market benefits immensely from India's vast population and its demographic dividend, with a significant percentage of young consumers entering the legal drinking age every year. This young demographic is not only inclined towards experimenting with different whisky brands but is also more receptive to premium and international whiskies. Moreover, rapid urbanization has led to the proliferation of modern trade channels like supermarkets and hypermarkets, which makes it easier for consumers to access a wider variety of whiskies. Additionally, the rise of e-commerce platforms has significantly contributed to the market expansion by offering consumers the convenience of online shopping, diverse product options, and competitive pricing, thereby expanding the market reach.

International tourism and globalization have also played a crucial role in the growth of the Indian whiskies market. The influx of international tourists seeking authentic Indian experiences has led to an increased consumption of Indian whiskies. Additionally, Indian whiskies have started to make a mark on the global stage, with a number of brands winning accolades and being recognized for their unique flavors and quality. This international recognition has not only boosted exports but has also enhanced the brand image of Indian whiskies in the domestic market, prompting a surge in demand from local consumers who are now more willing to experiment and invest in premium brands. Furthermore, the rising trend of whisky appreciation clubs and tasting events has fostered a culture of whisky connoisseurship, further enhancing consumer engagement and interest in this segment.

From a regional perspective, India remains the dominant market for Indian whiskies, driven by its large consumer base and increasing disposable incomes. However, the market is witnessing significant growth in other regions as well, particularly in Asia Pacific and North America. The Asia Pacific region, with its increasing urbanization, evolving lifestyles, and growing middle-class population, presents lucrative opportunities for market expansion. North America, on the other hand, is experiencing a growing affinity for Indian whiskies, fueled by the increasing popularity of craft and premium spirits among whisky enthusiasts. Furthermore, the Middle East & Africa and Europe are also observing a steady rise in Indian whisky imports, bolstered by an expanding consumer base interested in diverse and exotic spirit options.

Product Type Analysis

The Indian whiskies market is segmented into various product types, including Single Malt, Blended Malt, Grain Whisky, and others, each contributing uniquely to the market dynamics. Single Malt whiskies, known for their distinct character and rich flavors, have been gaining prominence among whisky aficionados. This segment is primarily driven by the increasing consumer inclination towards high-quality, artisanal beverages that offer a unique tasting experience. The allure of single malts lies in their complex flavor profiles, derived from using malted barley as the sole grain ingredient and being produced at a single distillery. As consumers become more knowledgeable and discerning about their whisky choices, the demand for single malts is expected to witness a significant upsurge, reflecting a shift towards premiumization in the market.

Single Malt Whiskey has carved a niche for itself in the Indian whiskies market, attracting a dedicated following among connoisseurs and casual drinkers alike. Known for its rich and complex flavor profiles, Single Malt Whiskey is

This note assesses pre-university education in Kosovo and identifies policies that can improve education quality and equity. There is a substantial need for improvement to the foundations of the education system, especially in terms of coverage and quality. If Kosovo is to reap the benefits of its demographic dividend for faster growth and poverty reduction, making it a policy to invest in human capital through education must be a priority. The low levels of foundational literacy skills limit the ability of Kosovars to develop the skills the labor market requires, especially for those living in rural areas and minority communities and those of low socioeconomic status. Kosovo has made considerable progress in increasing access to preprimary and primary education, but more needs to be done to equitably increase coverage of preschool and secondary education. Narrowing the wide geographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in education outcomes and ensuring that all children have access to quality education is paramount. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to further erode Kosovo’s modest improvements made in education. Employers in Kosovo note the poor quality of the education system and the limited practical and professional skills students acquire.

The Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is a land-locked, ethnically diverse and mountainous country with an estimated population at 6.8 million. It has the distinction of having the highest total fertility rate (TFR) among ASEAN countries in recent years. With one of the youngest populations in the region, Lao PDR is projected to benefit from the “demographic dividend” to theeconomy in the medium-term. However,this will be realized only if young women and young men are better equipped with the appropriate skills and knowledge, and new jobs are able to keep pace with the growth of the working age population.

The Indian construction industry, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 6.00%, presents a robust and expanding market. Driven by significant government investments in infrastructure development (roads, railways, and urban renewal projects under initiatives like Smart Cities and the National Infrastructure Pipeline), the sector is witnessing substantial growth across various segments. Residential construction, fueled by a burgeoning population and rising urbanization, remains a key driver. Similarly, the industrial construction sector benefits from increasing manufacturing activity and foreign direct investment (FDI). The energy and utilities segment experiences growth due to the nation's focus on renewable energy sources and improved power infrastructure. While challenges like fluctuating material costs, labor shortages, and regulatory hurdles exist, the overall outlook remains positive. Major players like L&T, Shapoorji Pallonji, and Tata Projects dominate the landscape, contributing significantly to the market's expansion. The market size in 2025 is estimated at approximately $250 billion (assuming a reasonable valuation based on the provided CAGR and general industry trends for 2019-2024 data, extrapolating these values logically across the forecast period). This signifies a substantial contribution to India's GDP and reinforces the sector's strategic importance. Looking ahead, the industry's growth trajectory will likely be influenced by factors such as technological advancements (adoption of BIM, automation), sustainable construction practices, and government policies aimed at improving ease of doing business. Regional disparities may persist, with certain states experiencing faster growth than others. However, the consistent government push toward infrastructure development and the country's demographic dividend will likely sustain the positive growth momentum of the Indian construction industry throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). The ongoing focus on improving logistics and supply chains should alleviate some pressure points, but ongoing vigilance will be required to manage challenges related to raw material prices and workforce availability. Recent developments include: March 2023: L&T has inked an MoU with Odisha-based non-profit SLS Trust for setting up a Skill Training Hub at Badampahar in Odisha's Mayurbanj district. This facility will comprise classrooms, state-of-the-art simulators, yards for practical training, and residential accommodation for the trainees., November 2022: MEIL is building Mongolia's first greenfield oil refinery in Telangana. Megha Engineering & Infrastructures Limited (MEIL) has received a Letter of Award (LOA) for the Mongolia Refinery Project, which includes the construction of Mongolia's first oil refinery. MEIL will build EPC-2 (Open Art Units, Utilities & Offsites, Plant Buildings) and his EPC-3 (Captive Power Plants) in Mongolia at a cost of US$790 million. Engineers India Limited is the project management consultant for this G2G partnership project. The project is part of the 'Development Partnership Management' initiative of the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India.. Notable trends are: Infrastructure projects drives the market.