An interactive Story Map Series℠ explaining the links between the Demographic Transition Model and population pyramids (population structure) for almost all the countries in the world. It provides an excellent way to make spatial links with the demographic data. For example, each country is mapped using an interactive symbol representing its stage on the DTM. On clicking the symbol for any country, a pop-up provides a statement about its stage on the DTM and its 2018 population pyramid, provided by PopulationPyramid.net.The tabs in the Story Map Series℠ take the reader or presenter through an introduction and explanation of the DTM, followed by detail about particular places / countries currently at each stage including an example of anomalies which are less consistent with the model.The story map will be useful for a wide range of students and teachers of geography, demography and development at secondary and tertiary level.Credits and further study*Story Map template by Esri*Demographic Transition video by GeographyAllTheWay*Population structure diagrams from PopulationPyramid.net by Martin de Wulf based in Brussels, Belgium.*DTM diagram and population pyramid icons from Cool Geography *Population Education / PopEdBlog*BBC Bitesize Population growth and change*Thanks also to Ed Morgan of the ONS for very helpful feedback and further information.NB The DTM stages for each country are estimated and may be altered in due course.

The objective of this study is to evaluate users’ perceptions and preferences on the design features of the COVID-19 prevention promotion icon from the perspective of users’ aesthetic and perceptual needs. In this study, 120 officially published icons from 24 countries and regions were collected from online platforms for ranking tests, and then the top-ranked icons were subjectively rated by the semantic differential method. By evaluating the quality of users’ perceptions of multiple semantic dimensions of icons, we extracted the perceptual semantic words that users valued as the main icon design features. Spearmen correlations were applied to derive possible correlations between user rankings and semantic scales, and a Friedman test was also conducted to determine the true differences in user perceptions and preferences for different styles of icons. Factor analysis was conducted to extract six perceptual words that influence the design features of the COVID-19 prevention promotion icon. The methodology adopted in this study facilitated the screening of design features related to icon effectiveness, and the findings show that “Interesting,” “Simple,” “Familiar, “Recognizable,” “Concrete,” and “Close(semantic distance)” are the key features that influence users’ perception and preference of COVID-19 icon design. The results of this study can be used as the basis for designing and improving publicity icons for preventive measures in COVID-19, and the methods adopted in this study can be applied to evaluate other types of icon design.

description: A Visitor Study and Report on the Connections between People, Place and Bison Conservation at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. This study makes an important contribution to visitor management and human dimensions of wildlife research at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge (RMA or Refuge) in metropolitan Denver. Denver Zoo researchers conducted visitor-intercept interviews to collect data about how the Refuge s conservation bison herd, reintroduced in 2009, is shaping the visitor experience. This report summarizes the 2015 findings of this work including the socio-demographic characteristics of Refuge visitors, their self-reported site use patterns and experiences, and their sense of connection to this grassland protected area and its conservation bison herd. Research findings illuminate greater opportunities for RMA, as an urban refuge, to attract and engage Denver publics and other visitors through its bison conservation herd, cementing the value of RMA herd for social and ecological benefit. Denver Zoo s conservation social science team conducted 100 visitor-intercept interviews with Refuge visitors from early July to late August 2015. These interviews followed the pilot testing of a structured interview guide in mid-June 2015. A multi-stage random sampling design for the visitor intercepts ensured a highly representative sample. Interviews were conducted across a range of weeks, days (e.g. weekdays and weekends), and times (morning and afternoon) to capture a variety of visitors. In conclusion, the Refuge s bison herd motivates visitation for almost 20% of Refuge visitors. The herd is seen by visitors as an asset and natural amenity that adds value to their experience and sense of connection to the Refuge. Looking forward, the Refuge s conservation bison herd is an opportunity for attracting broader audiences and supporters, across metropolitan Denver and more globally, to the Refuge and connecting them to the grassland ecosystem it protects. Moreover, the Refuge bison herd is a highly recognizable ambassador herd (and part of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service s bison meta-population critical for conservation) that can be interpreted to more effectively demonstrate to urban audiences the importance and value of grassland restoration and contemporary bison recovery across the American West.; abstract: A Visitor Study and Report on the Connections between People, Place and Bison Conservation at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. This study makes an important contribution to visitor management and human dimensions of wildlife research at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge (RMA or Refuge) in metropolitan Denver. Denver Zoo researchers conducted visitor-intercept interviews to collect data about how the Refuge s conservation bison herd, reintroduced in 2009, is shaping the visitor experience. This report summarizes the 2015 findings of this work including the socio-demographic characteristics of Refuge visitors, their self-reported site use patterns and experiences, and their sense of connection to this grassland protected area and its conservation bison herd. Research findings illuminate greater opportunities for RMA, as an urban refuge, to attract and engage Denver publics and other visitors through its bison conservation herd, cementing the value of RMA herd for social and ecological benefit. Denver Zoo s conservation social science team conducted 100 visitor-intercept interviews with Refuge visitors from early July to late August 2015. These interviews followed the pilot testing of a structured interview guide in mid-June 2015. A multi-stage random sampling design for the visitor intercepts ensured a highly representative sample. Interviews were conducted across a range of weeks, days (e.g. weekdays and weekends), and times (morning and afternoon) to capture a variety of visitors. In conclusion, the Refuge s bison herd motivates visitation for almost 20% of Refuge visitors. The herd is seen by visitors as an asset and natural amenity that adds value to their experience and sense of connection to the Refuge. Looking forward, the Refuge s conservation bison herd is an opportunity for attracting broader audiences and supporters, across metropolitan Denver and more globally, to the Refuge and connecting them to the grassland ecosystem it protects. Moreover, the Refuge bison herd is a highly recognizable ambassador herd (and part of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service s bison meta-population critical for conservation) that can be interpreted to more effectively demonstrate to urban audiences the importance and value of grassland restoration and contemporary bison recovery across the American West.

Release Date: 2024-02-08.The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product to ensure appropriate access, use, and disclosure avoidance protection of the confidential source data (2020 NES-D Project No. 7504866, Disclosure Review Board (DRB) approval number: CBDRB-FY24-0051)...Key Table Information:.Includes owner-level data for U.S. firms with no paid employment or payroll, annual receipts of $1,000 or more ($1 or more in the construction industries) and filing Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax forms for sole proprietorships (Form 1040, Schedule C), partnerships (Form 1065), or corporations (the Form 1120 series)...Data Items and Other Identifying Records:.Data include estimates on:.Number of owners of nonemployer firms. Percent of number of owners of nonemployer firms (%)...These data are aggregated at the owner level by the following demographic classifications:.All owners of nonemployer firms. Sex. Female. Male. . . Ethnicity. Hispanic. Non-Hispanic. . . Race. White. Black or African American. American Indian and Alaska Native. Asian. Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Minority (Firms classified as any race and ethnicity combination other than non-Hispanic and White). Nonminority (Firms classified as non-Hispanic and White). . . Veteran Status (defined as having served in any branch of the U.S. Armed Forces). Veteran. Nonveteran. . . ...Data Notes:.. Data are tabulated at the owner level.. An owner can be tabulated in more than one race group.. An owner cannot be tabulated with two mutually exclusive demographic classifications (e.g., both as a veteran and a nonveteran).. An individual can own more than one firm....Owner Characteristics:.Using administrative records, owner characteristics were assigned for the following categories:. Place of Birth (USBORN). Owner was born in the U.S.. Owner was born outside the U.S.. . U.S. Citizenship (USCITIZEN). Owner is a citizen of the U.S.. Owner is not a citizen of the U.S.. . Owner Age (OWNRAGE). Under 25. 25 to 34. 35 to 44. 45 to 54. 55 to 64. 65 or over. . . .Question Description codes for the topics are in parenthesis. ..Industry and Geography Coverage:.The data are shown for the total for all sectors (00) NAICS code level for:..United States. States and the District of Columbia. Metropolitan Statistical Areas...The data are also shown for the 2-, 3-, and 4-digit NAICS code level for the United States only...Data are excluded for the following NAICS industries:.Crop and Animal Production (NAICS 111 and 112). Rail Transportation (NAICS 482). Postal Service (NAICS 491). Monetary Authorities-Central Bank (NAICS 521). Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (NAICS 525). Management of Companies and Enterprises (NAICS 55). Private Households (NAICS 814). Public Administration (NAICS 92). Industries Not Classified (NAICS 99)...For more information about NAICS, see NAICS Codes & Understanding Industry Classification Systems. For information about geographies used by economic programs at the Census Bureau, see Economic Census: Economic Geographies...FTP Download:.Download the entire table at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/abs/data/2020/AB2000NESD04.zip...API Information:.Nonemployer Demographic Statistics data are housed in the Census Bureau API. For more information, see https://api.census.gov/data/2020/absnesdo.html...Symbols:. D - Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies; data are included in higher level totals. S - Estimate does not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability, poor response quality, or other concerns about the estimate quality. Unpublished estimates derived from this table by subtraction are subject to these same limitations and should not be attributed to the U.S. Census Bureau. For a description of publication standards and the total quantity response rate, see link to program methodology page.. N - Not available or not comparable. X - Not applicable.For a complete list of all economic programs symbols, see the Symbols Glossary...Source:.U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics, Annual Business Survey Program.For more information about the survey, please visit https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/abs.html...Contact Information:.To contact the Annual Business Survey Program staff:.Email general, nonsecure, and unencrypted messages to adep.annual.business.survey@census.gov.. Call 301.763.3316 between 7 a.m. and 5 p.m. (EST), Monday through Friday...

Release Date: 2021-12-16.The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied (Approval ID: CBDRB-FY22-032)...Key Table Information:.Includes U.S. firms with no paid employment or payroll, annual receipts of $1,000 or more ($1 or more in the construction industries) and filing Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax forms for sole proprietorships (Form 1040, Schedule C), partnerships (Form 1065), or corporations (the Form 1120 series)...Data Items and Other Identifying Records:.Data include estimates on:.Number of nonemployer firms (firms without paid employees). Sales and receipts of nonemployer firms (reported in $1,000s of dollars)...These data are aggregated by the following demographic classifications of firm for:.All firms. Classifiable (firms classifiable by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status). . Sex. Female. Male. Equally male/female. . Ethnicity. Hispanic. Equally Hispanic/non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic. . Race. White. Black or African American. American Indian and Alaska Native. Asian. Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Minority (Firms classified as any race and ethnicity combination other than non-Hispanic and White). Equally minority/nonminority. Nonminority (Firms classified as non-Hispanic and White). . Veteran Status (defined as having served in any branch of the U.S. Armed Forces). Veteran. Equally veteran/nonveteran. Nonveteran. . . . Unclassifiable (firms not classifiable by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status). ...The data are also shown by the following legal form of organization (LFO) categories:. S-Corporations. C-Corporations. Individual proprietorships. Partnerships...Data Notes:.. Business ownership is defined as having 51 percent or more of the stock or equity in the business. Data are provided for firms owned equally (50% / 50%) by men and women, by Hispanics and non-Hispanics, by minorities and nonminorities, and by veterans and nonveterans. Firms not classifiable by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status are counted and tabulated separately.. The detail may not add to the total or subtotal because a Hispanic firm may be of any race; because a firm could be tabulated in more than one racial group; or because the number of nonemployer firm's data are rounded....Industry and Geography Coverage:.Data are shown for the total for all sectors (00) and the 2-digit NAICS codes levels for the U.S., states, and metro areas. Data are excluded for the following NAICS industries:.Crop and Animal Production (NAICS 111 and 112). Rail Transportation (NAICS 482). Postal Service (NAICS 491). Monetary Authorities-Central Bank (NAICS 521). Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (NAICS 525). Management of Companies and Enterprises (NAICS 55). Private Households (NAICS 814). Public Administration (NAICS 92). Industries Not Classified (NAICS 99)...For more information about NAICS, see NAICS Codes & Understanding Industry Classification Systems. For information about geographies used by economic programs at the Census Bureau, see Economic Census: Economic Geographies...FTP Download:.Download the entire table at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/abs/data/2018/AB1800NESD03.zip...API Information:.Nonemployer Demographic Statistics data are housed in the Census Bureau API. For more information, see https://api.census.gov/data/2018/absnesd.html...Symbols:. D - Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies; data are included in higher level totals. S - Estimate does not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability, poor response quality, or other concerns about the estimate quality. Unpublished estimates derived from this table by subtraction are subject to these same limitations and should not be attributed to the U.S. Census Bureau. For a description of publication standards and the total quantity response rate, see link to program methodology page.. N - Not available or not comparable. X - Not applicable..The following symbols are used to identify the level of noise applied to the data:. G - Low noise: The cell value was changed by less than 2 percent by the application of noise.. H - Moderate noise: The cell value was changed by 2 percent or more but less than 5 percent by the application of noise.. J - High noise: The cell value was changed by 5 percent or more by the application of noise..For a complete list of all economic programs symbols, see the Symbols Glossary...Source:.U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics, Annual Business Survey Program.For more information about the survey, please visit https://www.census.gov/programs-s...

Release Date: 2023-05-11.The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product to ensure appropriate access, use, and disclosure avoidance protection of the confidential source data (Project No. 7504866, Disclosure Review Board (DRB) approval number: CBDRB-FY23-0262)...Key Table Information:.Includes owner-level data for U.S. firms with no paid employment or payroll, annual receipts of $1,000 or more ($1 or more in the construction industries) and filing Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax forms for sole proprietorships (Form 1040, Schedule C), partnerships (Form 1065), or corporations (the Form 1120 series)...Data Items and Other Identifying Records:.Data include estimates on:.Number of owners of nonemployer firms. Percent of number of owners of nonemployer firms (%)...These data are aggregated at the owner level by the following demographic classifications:.All owners of nonemployer firms. Sex. Female. Male. . . Ethnicity. Hispanic. Non-Hispanic. . . Race. White. Black or African American. American Indian and Alaska Native. Asian. Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Minority (Firms classified as any race and ethnicity combination other than non-Hispanic and White). Nonminority (Firms classified as non-Hispanic and White). . . Veteran Status (defined as having served in any branch of the U.S. Armed Forces). Veteran. Nonveteran. . . ...Data Notes:.. Data are tabulated at the owner level.. An owner can be tabulated in more than one race group.. An owner cannot be tabulated with two mutually exclusive demographic classifications (e.g., both as a veteran and a nonveteran).. An individual can own more than one firm....Owner Characteristics:.Using administrative records, owner characteristics were assigned for the following categories:. Place of Birth (USBORN). Owner was born in the U.S.. Owner was born outside the U.S.. . U.S. Citizenship (USCITIZEN). Owner is a citizen of the U.S.. Owner is not a citizen of the U.S.. . Owner Age (OWNRAGE). Under 25. 25 to 34. 35 to 44. 45 to 54. 55 to 64. 65 or over. . . .Question Description codes for the topics are in parenthesis. ..Industry and Geography Coverage:.The data are shown for the total for all sectors (00) NAICS code level for:..United States. States and the District of Columbia. Metropolitan Statistical Areas...The data are also shown for the 2-digit and 3-digit NAICS code level for the United States only...Data are excluded for the following NAICS industries:.Crop and Animal Production (NAICS 111 and 112). Rail Transportation (NAICS 482). Postal Service (NAICS 491). Monetary Authorities-Central Bank (NAICS 521). Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (NAICS 525). Management of Companies and Enterprises (NAICS 55). Private Households (NAICS 814). Public Administration (NAICS 92). Industries Not Classified (NAICS 99)...For more information about NAICS, see NAICS Codes & Understanding Industry Classification Systems. For information about geographies used by economic programs at the Census Bureau, see Economic Census: Economic Geographies...FTP Download:.Download the entire table at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/abs/data/2019/AB1900NESD04.zip...API Information:.Nonemployer Demographic Statistics data are housed in the Census Bureau API. For more information, see https://api.census.gov/data/2019/absnesdo.html...Symbols:. D - Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies; data are included in higher level totals. S - Estimate does not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability, poor response quality, or other concerns about the estimate quality. Unpublished estimates derived from this table by subtraction are subject to these same limitations and should not be attributed to the U.S. Census Bureau. For a description of publication standards and the total quantity response rate, see link to program methodology page.. N - Not available or not comparable. X - Not applicable.For a complete list of all economic programs symbols, see the Symbols Glossary...Source:.U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics, Annual Business Survey Program.For more information about the survey, please visit https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/abs.html...Contact Information:.To contact the Annual Business Survey Program staff:.Email general, nonsecure, and unencrypted messages to adep.annual.business.survey@census.gov.. Call 301.763.3316 between 7 a.m. and 5 p.m. (EST), Monday through Friday...

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section...Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..Geographic areas are based on the geographic boundaries of the data year. Current year comparisons with past-year estimates are not re-tabulated to the current year's geographies; rather, the comparison is with the existing geography of each data year. Statistically significant change from prior years' estimates could be the result of changes in the geographic boundaries of an area and not necessarily the demographic, social, or economic characteristics. For more information on geographic changes, see: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/guidance.html.....Tell us what you think. Provide feedback to help make American Community Survey data more useful for you..Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau''s Population Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties..Explanation of Symbols:An ''**'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate..An ''-'' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''-'' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''+'' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''***'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate..An ''*****'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. .An ''N'' entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small..An ''(X)'' means that the estimate is not applicable or not available..An * indicates that the estimate is significantly different (at a 90% confidence level) than the estimate from the most current year. A "c" indicates the estimates for that year and the current year are both controlled; a statistical test is not appropriate. A blank indicates that the estimate is not significantly different from the estimate of the most current year, or that a test could not be done because one or both of the estimates is displayed as "-", "N", or "(X)", or the estimate ends with a "+" or "-". (For more information on these symbols, see the Explanation of Symbols below this table.).Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..While the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the February 2013 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..For more information on understanding race and Hispanic origin data, please see the Census 2010 Brief entitled, Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010, issued March 2011. (pdf format).The definitions of the metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas for the 2013 American Community Survey are based on the commuting patterns identified in the 2010 Census. Estimates prior to 2013 are based on the results of the 2000 Census. Statistically significant change from prior years' estimates could be the result of changes in the metropolitan geographic definitions and not necessarily the demographic, social or economic characteristic. For more information, see: Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas..Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown ...

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section...Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..An * indicates that the estimate is significantly different (at a 90% confidence level) than the estimate from the most current year. A "c" indicates the estimates for that year and the current year are both controlled; a statistical test is not appropriate...A blank indicates that the estimate is not significantly different from the estimate of the most current year, or that a test could not be done because one or both of the estimates is displayed as "-", "N", or "(X)", or the estimate ends with a "+" or "-". (For more information on these symbols, see the Explanation of Symbols below this table.)..Geographic areas are based on the geographic boundaries of the data year. Current year comparisons with past-year estimates are not re-tabulated to the current year's geographies; rather, the comparison is with the existing geography of each data year. Statistically significant change from prior years' estimates could be the result of changes in the geographic boundaries of an area and not necessarily the demographic, social, or economic characteristics. For more information on geographic changes, see: http://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/guidance.html.....Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau''s Population Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties..Explanation of Symbols:An ''**'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate..An ''-'' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''-'' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''+'' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''***'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate..An ''*****'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. .An ''N'' entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small..An ''(X)'' means that the estimate is not applicable or not available..Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..While the 2015 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the February 2013 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..For more information on understanding race and Hispanic origin data, please see the Census 2010 Brief entitled, Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010, issued March 2011. (pdf format).The definitions of the metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas for the 2013 American Community Survey are based on the commuting patterns identified in the 2010 Census. Estimates prior to 2013 are based on the results of the 2000 Census. Statistically significant change from prior years' estimates could be the result of changes in the metropolitan geographic definitions and not necessarily the demographic, social or economic characteristic. For more information, see: Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas..Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 ...

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section...Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..Since the 5-year data do not benefit from data quality filtering, comparisons are only made for populations of 5,000 or more..Geographic areas are based on the geographic boundaries of the data year. Current year comparisons with past-year estimates are not re-tabulated to the current year's geographies; rather, the comparison is with the existing geography of each data year. Statistically significant change from prior years' estimates could be the result of changes in the geographic boundaries of an area and not necessarily the demographic, social, or economic characteristics. For more information on geographic changes, see: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/guidance.html.....Tell us what you think. Provide feedback to help make American Community Survey data more useful for you..Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau''s Population Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties..Explanation of Symbols:An ''**'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate..An ''-'' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''-'' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''+'' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''***'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate..An ''*****'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. .An ''N'' entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small..An ''(X)'' means that the estimate is not applicable or not available..An * indicates that the estimate is significantly different (at a 90% confidence level) than the estimate from the most current year. A "c" indicates the estimates for that year and the current year are both controlled; a statistical test is not appropriate. A blank indicates that the estimate is not significantly different from the estimate of the most current year, or that a test could not be done because one or both of the estimates is displayed as "-", "N", or "(X)", or the estimate ends with a "+" or "-". (For more information on these symbols, see the Explanation of Symbols below this table.).Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..While the 2011-2015 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the February 2013 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..For more information on understanding race and Hispanic origin data, please see the Census 2010 Brief entitled, Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010, issued March 2011. (pdf format).The definitions of the metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas for the 2013 American Community Survey are based on the commuting patterns identified in the 2010 Census. Estimates prior to 2013 are based on the results of the 2000 Census. Statistically significant change from prior years' estimates could be the result of changes in the metropolitan geographic definitions and not necessarily the demographic, social or economic characteristic. For more information, see: Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas..Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of ...

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section...Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..Geographic areas are based on the geographic boundaries of the data year. Current year comparisons with past-year estimates are not re-tabulated to the current year's geographies; rather, the comparison is with the existing geography of each data year. Statistically significant change from prior years' estimates could be the result of changes in the geographic boundaries of an area and not necessarily the demographic, social, or economic characteristics. For more information on geographic changes, see: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/guidance.html.....Tell us what you think. Provide feedback to help make American Community Survey data more useful for you..Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau''s Population Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties..Explanation of Symbols:An ''**'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate..An ''-'' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''-'' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''+'' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''***'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate..An ''*****'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. .An ''N'' entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small..An ''(X)'' means that the estimate is not applicable or not available..An * indicates that the estimate is significantly different (at a 90% confidence level) than the estimate from the most current year. A "c" indicates the estimates for that year and the current year are both controlled; a statistical test is not appropriate. A blank indicates that the estimate is not significantly different from the estimate of the most current year, or that a test could not be done because one or both of the estimates is displayed as "-", "N", or "(X)", or the estimate ends with a "+" or "-". (For more information on these symbols, see the Explanation of Symbols below this table.).Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..While the 2016 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the February 2013 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..Logical coverage edits applying a rules-based assignment of Medicaid, Medicare and military health coverage were added as of 2009 -- please see https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/2010/demo/coverage_edits_final.html for more details. The 2008 data table in American FactFinder does not incorporate these edits. Therefore, the estimates that appear in these tables are not comparable to the estimates in the 2009 and later tables. Select geographies of 2008 data comparable to the 2009 and later tables are available at https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/acs/1-year-re-run-health-insurance.html. The health insurance coverage category names were modified in 2010. See https://www.census.gov/topics/health/health-insurance/about/glossary.html#par_textimage_18 for a list of the insurance type definitions..Industry codes are 4-digit codes and are based on the North American Industry Classification System (N...