This dataset depicsts how ERO oversees the civil immigration detention of one of the most diverse and rapidly changing detained populations in the world. These noncitizens are housed within approximately 130 facilities across the nation.

This data set is about how ICE detains noncitizens as necessary. Most noncitizens subject to removal are monitored outside the detention setting through a variety of mechanisms. Cases on the non-detained national docket are either categorized as “Final Order,” meaning the noncitizen has completed the legal process and has been ordered removed, or “Pending Final Order,” indicating that an order of removal has not yet been issued or is not administratively final.

Since its inception, the DHS has produced Fiscal Yearly ERO and detention statistics reports that provide information on detention and Alternatives to Detention (ATD) statistics. This dataset compiles the Ice Detention Data, Average in Custody Length of Stay (ICLOS) and Detainees, and Facilities tabs of the FY19, FY20, FY21, and FY22 DHS-ICE reports (referenced below), into a multi-year dataset.

Data Clean-up Process: To assist in the analysis and clear understanding of the data, and fix inaccuracies and data silences in the original data, additional columns were added to the facilities tab. Additionally, columns that were not used in the analysis and where outside of the scope of work, were removed from the new dataset. Rationale for the additional columns and the columns removed is as follow:

New Operator Category column: In attempting to understand the type of DHS facilities and how they may have changed through the years, an Operator Category column was added, where every facility is categorized as A) Country or City Facility (public), B) Privately Operated Facility, and C) Unknown operator. New Gender Modified Column: Upon reviewing the total number of female and male detainees for each facility it was noted that the original Male/Female column, which categorized each facility by the gender of the detainees, was often not reflective of the detainee population. To fix this error, a new "Gender Modified" column was added and the facilities were categorized as A) Male, B) Female, and C) Female and Male depending on the Total Male and Total Female columns of the reports. The new Gender Modified column is based on the ADP numbers of female vs. male detainees. If there were 0 female detainees, the facility was categorized as Male. If there were 0 Male ADP detainees, the facility was categorized as Female. If there were 1 or more detainees for both the female and male totals, the facility was categorized as Female and Male. New FY19-22 Active columns and New Ice Facilities ACTIVE 19-22 tab: Since the project attempts to do a multi-year analysis, five new columns were added to indicate if a facility was active FY19-22, Active FY19, Active FY20, Active FY21, and Active FY22. A facility that was active in a particular year was marked as Y. A facility that was Active all four years was marked as Y in the Active FY19-22 column. Certain modeling and hypothesis testing methodologies required that only the statistics for the facilities that were active FY19-22 be used. For this purpose, a second Tab named “Ice Facilities ACTIVE 19-22” was created. Removal of second to last inspection columns: The original DHS reports included additional columns with second to last inspection type, standard, and date. For the scope of this project, these columns were removed from each year and only the Last Inspection type, standard, and date were left and used for this project. New Percentage of Criminality columns: To calculate the percentage of criminality among detainees new Percentage of Criminality columns were added for each fiscal year. The percentages were calculated by the formula: (ADP: Criminality: Male Crim + ADP: Criminality: Female Crim) / (ADP Total Male + FY: Total Female) NA cells: to indicate that no information was provided by ICE in the original reports or to indicate that the particular facility was not active for a particular year, NA was added in the corresponding cells. Additional data analysis in R changed the NA to nulls.

This dataset contains information about ERO civil immigration detention and contains information about the three categories that noncitizens in ICE detention generally falls into. This dataset also includes data about removal orders, number of noncitizens detained by country of citizenship, by arresting agency, average daily population, and average length of stay by arresting agency.

This dataset contains the following charts: ICE Currently detained by processing disposition and detention facilitiy type, ICE Currently Detained by Criminality and Arresting Agency, ICE initial Book- Ins Facility Type and Criminality: FY2022, ICE final Releases by Release Reason, Month and Criminality FY2022, ICE Average Daily Population by Arresting Agency, Month and Criminality, ICE Average Length of Stay by Arresting Agency, Month and Criminality, ICE Average Daily Population by Facility Type and Month, Average Length of Stay by Facility Type and Month, ICE Average Length of Stay Adult Facility Type by Month, and Arresting Agency, Individuals with positive Credible Fear Determination Parole Requested, and Individuals with Postiive Credible Fear determination Parole Status.

This dataset is for Providing healthcare to the detained population is a key component of ERO’s work, and ICE detention standards help to ensure that those in its custody receive an initial medical screening, including for mental health needs, as well as all necessary follow-up care.

Nationwide, over 1.9 million adults were living in correctional facilities as of the 2020 Decennial Census. Correctional facilities for adults include the following types:Federal detention centers, providing "short term" confinement or custody of adults pending adjudication or sentencing. Includes Immigrations Enforcement (ICE) and Customs inmates and ICE Contract Detention Facilities, among other types of federal detention centers.Federal and state prisons*, where people convicted of crimes serve their sentences. Patients in hospitals operated by or for federal or state correctional authorities are counted in the prison population.Local jails and other municipal confinement facilities*, operated by or for counties, cities, and American Indian and Alaska Native tribal governments. Patients in hospitals operated by or for local correctional authorities are counted in the jail population.Correctional residential facilities. Residents may be allowed extensive contact with the community, such as for employment or schooling, but are obligated to occupy the premises at night. Examples are halfway houses, restitution centers, and prerelease, work release, and study centers.Military disciplinary barracks and jails, managed by the military to hold those awaiting trial or convicted of crimes.*This category may include privately operated correctional facilities.Full documentation of definitions available on pages B-11 and B-12 of the technical documentation for 2020 Census State Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File. Data available for state, county, tract, block group, and block from the U.S. Census Bureau's 2020 Public Law 94-171 files. State data is symbolized as both a count and a percentage of the adult population. Data for county and below is symbolized to show counts only, as the percentages at lower geography levels are not very meaningful.

Correctional facilities have suffered from a mixture of policy changes at the federal and local levels, coupled with broader support for rehabilitative solutions to the broader issue of crime. The implementation of a ban on private prison contract renewals with the DOJ in 2021 cut off a considerable revenue stream across BOP and USMS clientele. While the order was reversed in January 2025, facilities were forced to pivot to alternative revenue streams, namely community centers and rehabilitative service provision. Demand is uniquely separate from the broader economic climate, since revenue growth is primarily influenced by crime and incarceration rates. Falling approval of for-profit prisons also influenced statewide restrictions on private correctional facilities. Revenue fell at a CAGR of 3.6% to an estimated $9.0 billion, including an estimated 3.5% decline in 2025 alone, as profit reached an estimated 12.4%. Decreasing national crime and incarceration rates have been the primary contributing factors influencing revenue. A sharp 7.6% collapse in the national incarceration rate over the past five years was influenced by a conscious effort by the US government to reduce prison overcrowding. Since private correctional facilities charge fixed, per-diem rates based on occupancy, a reduction in the inmate population not only lowers demand for facility, but also raises fixed costs that eat into their profit margin. However, stricter immigration enforcement, caused agencies such as ICE to contract correctional facilities to provide detention and processing centers for new arrivals. In February 2025, major company GEO Group signed off on a contract with ICE for a new processing facility in Newark, New Jersey, providing a crucial revenue stream that offset larger losses. Moving forward, correctional facilities face an uncertain future. Continued slippage in public opinion regarding for-profit prison systems will force facilities to invest capital in rehabilitative services aimed at reentry and reduction of recidivism. Reputational problems stemming from reports of inadequate medical care, excessive use of solitary confinement and unsanitary conditions may lead to financial penalties or full-on closures. A continued retreat in national incarceration and crime rates will continue shrinking the potential marketplace for correctional facilities. Revenue is expected to sink at a CAGR of 3.6% to an estimated $7.5 billion over the next five years.