This page contains results of recent projections produced by the GLA that have been designated as research outputs rather than as a full entry in the GLA's annual series of projections.

**Update - 6 August 2025**

Initial 2024-based trend projection outputs have been added. For more information, please see this blog post.

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The decision not to give a full release to the 2023-based projections was a consequence of problems with official population estimates used as inputs to the models; they are set to be updated later in 2025 once updated estimates are released by ONS.

These outputs were produced in April 2025 as part of the population and pupil projection services that the GLA offers to local authorities in London and are presented here to:

· Indicate the potential scale of impacts that recent updates and revisions to Long-Term International Migration (LTIM) estimates for the UK may have on the final projections.

· Demonstrate the results of a newly introduced methodology for projecting future fertility rates.

· Provide users an opportunity to give feedback on the updated set of projection variants being considered for inclusion in future releases.

· Be used as model inputs during the development of the GLA’s upcoming household projections.

A note providing an overview of the results of and background to these projections will be added in the coming weeks.

The GLA's 2022-based population projections are available here.

The trend-based projections include a range of variants based on different assumptions about future levels of migration. The projections are produced for all local authorities in England & Wales. The datasets include summary workbooks with population and summary components of change as well as zip archives with the full detailed outputs from the models, including components of change by single year of age and sex. The most recent set of trend-based population projections currently available are the 2022-based projections (August 2024). Additional documentation, including updated information about methodologies and assumptions will be published in the coming days. For more information about these projections, see the accompanying blog post. The 2022-based projections comprise three variants based on different periods of past migration patterns and assumed levels of future fertility rates. Trend-based projections don't explicitly account for future housing delivery. For most local planning purposes we generally recommend the use of housing-led projections These projections are based on modelled back series of population estimates produced by the GLA and available here * 14 July 2023 - following a minor update to the modelled population estimates series, we have made available an additional version of the projections based on these updated inputs. At this time we have no plans to update or replace the outputs and documentation published in January 2023. However, we recommend users looking to use the projections in analysis or as inputs to onward modelling consider using these updated outputs. Documentation page Back to projections homepage

Introduction

Blogging Statistics: Blogging remains a pivotal element in digital content strategies, with over 600 million blogs among 1.9 billion websites globally. WordPress alone powers more than 43% of all websites, hosting over 60 million blogs and facilitating approximately 70 million new posts each month. In the United States, the blogging community has expanded to over 32.7 million active bloggers as of 2022. Globally, bloggers publish around 3 billion posts annually, equating to over 8.2 million posts daily.

The influence of blogs is substantial, with 77% of internet users regularly reading blog content. Incorporating relevant images can enhance blog views by 94%, and posts with seven or more images are 2.3 times more likely to yield strong results. Furthermore, 70% of consumers prefer learning about companies through articles rather than advertisements, highlighting the trust and engagement blogs foster.

For businesses, blogging offers significant advantages: companies with active blogs experience 55% more website visitors and generate 67% more monthly leads compared to those without. These statistics underscore blogging's role as a cost-effective and impactful tool for enhancing brand visibility and driving audience engagement.

With internet access, anyone can start a blog and reach a global audience through social media. In this article, we'll explore blogging statistics in more detail.

The trend-based projections include a range of variants based on different assumptions about future levels of migration. The projections are produced for all local authorities in England & Wales.

The datasets include summary workbooks with population and summary components of change as well as zip archives with the full detailed outputs from the models, including components of change by single year of age and sex.

The most recent set of trend-based population projections currently available are the 2022-based projections (August 2024). Additional documentation, including updated information about methodologies and assumptions will be published in the coming days.

For more information about these projections, see the accompanying blog post.

The 2022-based projections comprise three variants based on different periods of past migration patterns and assumed levels of future fertility rates.

Trend-based projections don't explicitly account for future housing delivery. For most local planning purposes we generally recommend the use of housing-led projections

These projections are based on modelled back series of population estimates produced by the GLA and available here

* 14 July 2023 - following a minor update to the modelled population estimates series, we have made available an additional version of the projections based on these updated inputs. At this time we have no plans to update or replace the outputs and documentation published in January 2023. However, we recommend users looking to use the projections in analysis or as inputs to onward modelling consider using these updated outputs.

• Documentation page
• Back to projections homepage

The population of the world, allocated to 1 arcsecond blocks. This refines CIESIN’s Gridded Population of the World project, using machine learning models on high-resolution worldwide Digital Globe satellite imagery. More information.

There is also a tiled version of this dataset that may be easier to use if you are interested in many countries.

As of November 2023, nearly ** percent of female internet users in the United States and around ** percent of male users went online to publish blog posts or upload self-made video content. Overall, approximately ** percent of the U.S. online population reported publishing original content on the internet.

On 28 June 2022 ONS released the first results from the 2011 Census of England and Wales comprising for each local authority the estimated population at census day (21 March 2021) and the number of households. Population estimates are by five-year age band and sex. Estimates of responses rates for each local authority were also published. Read our blog post which describes how the census data relates to other population estimates and some of the pitfalls to avoid when interpreting the numbers.

The contents of the dataset relate to the population living in the province of Trento. The dataset, including resources in PDF format, is also available on the Employment Agency’s Open Data Portal at the URL: https://www.agenzialavoro.tn.it/Open-Data/I-dataset-available/Historical-Series/Demography Data are grouped by year and gender. Data are expressed in absolute values. The metadata ‘time coverage’ refers to the time interval taken into account by the Historical Series which is identified in the file name with the suffix _ST. Time coverage refers to 31 December of each year. The dataset is updated to 31 December each year with the addition of a new time series. The data released in CSV format are: Machine Readable, identified in the file name with the suffix _MR and validated with the Good Tables library. https://okfnlabs.org/blog/2015/02/20/introducing-goodtables.html ATTRIBUTION: data processed by the Office for the Study of Policies and the Labour Market on ISTAT data.

This dataset contains data from the P.L. 94-171 2020 Census Redistricting Program. The 2020 Census Redistricting Data Program provides states the opportunity to delineate voting districts and to suggest census block boundaries for use in the 2020 Census redistricting data tabulations (Public Law 94-171 Redistricting Data File). In addition, the Redistricting Data Program will periodically collect state legislative and congressional district boundaries if they are changed by the states. The program is also responsible for the effective delivery of the 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data statutorily required by one year from Census Day. The program ensures continued dialogue with the states in regard to 2020 Census planning, thereby allowing states ample time for their planning, response, and participation. The U.S. Census Bureau will deliver the Public Law 94-171 redistricting data to all states by Sept. 30, 2021. COVID-19-related delays and prioritizing the delivery of the apportionment results delayed the Census Bureau’s original plan to deliver the redistricting data to the states by April 1, 2021.

Data in this dataset contains information on population, diversity, race, ethnicity, housing, household, vacancy rate for 2020 for various geographies (county, MCD, Philadelphia Planning Districts (referred to as county planning areas [CPAs] internally, Census designated places, tracts, block groups, and blocks)

For more information on the 2020 Census, visit https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/about/rdo/summary-files.html

PLEASE NOTE: 2020 Decennial Census data has had noise injected into it because of the Census's new Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS). This can mean that population counts and characteristics, especially when they are particularly small, may not exactly correspond to the data as collected. As such, caution should be exercised when examining areas with small counts. Ron Jarmin, acting director of the Census Bureau posted a discussion of the redistricting data, which outlines what to expect with the new DAS. For more details on accuracy you can read it here: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/director/2021/07/redistricting-data.html

The housing-led projections reconcile future population growth with available housing supply by incorporating a housing supply trajectory. The housing-led projections are recommended for most local planning purposes, and the 10-year variant can be considered the default variant. Users in London local authorities are able to request bespoke projections based on alternative housing scenarios through the GLA Population Projection Service. The most recent set of projections are the 2022-based round (August 2024) which comprise three variants based on different migration and fertility assumptions. All 2022-based projections are based on a common scenario of assumed future housing delivery that is derived from capacity identified in the 2017 Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment. These projections are based on modelled back series of population estimates produced by the GLA and available here. Additional documentation, including updated information about methodologies and assumptions will be published in the coming days. For more information about these projections, see the accompanying blog post. The housing-led projections include projections for London Boroughs and London wards (2022 boundaries). The release also includes components of change (births, deaths and migration data). Documentation page Back to projections homepage

The population of the world, allocated to 1 arcsecond blocks. This refines CIESIN’s Gridded Population of the World project, using machine learning models on high-resolution worldwide Digital Globe satellite imagery. More information.

There is also a tiled version of this dataset that may be easier to use if you are interested in many countries.

This dataset contains administrative polygons grouped by country (admin-0) with the following subdivisions according to Who's On First placetypes:
- macroregion (admin-1 including region)
- region (admin-2 including state, province, department, governorate)
- macrocounty (admin-3 including arrondissement)
- county (admin-4 including prefecture, sub-prefecture, regency, canton, commune)
- localadmin (admin-5 including municipality, local government area, unitary authority, commune, suburb)

The dataset also contains human settlement points and polygons for:
- localities (city, town, and village)
- neighbourhoods (borough, macrohood, neighbourhood, microhood)

The dataset covers activities carried out by Who's On First (WOF) since 2015. Global administrative boundaries and human settlements are aggregated and standardized from hundreds of sources and available with an open CC-BY license. Who's On First data is updated on an as-need basis for individual places with annual sprints focused on improving specific countries or placetypes. Please refer to the README.md file for complete data source metadata. Refer to our blog post for explanation of field names.

Data corrections can be proposed using Write Field, an web app for making quick data edits. You’ll need a Github.com account to login and propose edits, which are then reviewed by the Who's On First community using the Github pull request process. Approved changes are available for download within 24-hours. Please contact WOF admin about bulk edits.

The population of the world, allocated to 1 arcsecond blocks. This refines CIESIN’s Gridded Population of the World project, using machine learning models on high-resolution worldwide Digital Globe satellite imagery. More information.

There is also a tiled version of this dataset that may be easier to use if you are interested in many countries.

The contents of the dataset are related to the demographics of companies in the province of Trento.

The data, which come from various sources, were drawn up by the Labour Market and Policy Studies Office for the preparation of the Annual Employment Report in the province of Trento, available as content open to the URL: https://www.agenzialavoro.tn.it/Open-Data/Other-content-available

The dataset, including the resources in PDF format, is also available on the Open Data Catalogue of the Employment Agency at the URL: https://www.agenzialavoro.tn.it/Open-Data/I-dataset-available/Economics-and-finance/Economics-structure/Demography-of-businesses/Year-2016

The “time coverage” metadata refers to the time interval taken into account by the Historical Series that are identified in the file name with the suffix _ST.

The data released in CSV format are: Machine Readable, identified in the file name with the suffix _MR and validated with the Good Tables library. https://okfnlabs.org/blog/2015/02/20/introducing-goodtables.html

ATTRIBUTION: data compiled by the Office for Labour Market and Policy Studies on CCIAA – Movimprese data.

aWatterson's estimate of θ, see Methods.bLog likelihood of observed SFS given the demographic/selection model.cLikelihood ratio test for comparison with next less complex model.dNanc = genetic effective size of population prior to instantaneous expansion; 95% confidence intervals reported here are based on 10,000 bootstrapped parameter estimates, see Methods.eGenerations elapsed since expansion.fModel includes a single selection coefficient (s) at all sites in the genome.gModel includes a category of neutral sites (fraction = p0) and a second category (1-p0) with selection coefficient s.hBootstrapped estimates all equal to 0.05.

Originally published at Haldane's sieve http://haldanessieve.org/2012/09/05/the-date-of-interbreeding-between-neandertals-and-modern-humans/ . Posted to Figshare, to make a version for Pubmed commons.

This dataset contains administrative polygons grouped by country (admin-0) with the following subdivisions according to Who's On First placetypes:
- macroregion (admin-1 including region)
- region (admin-2 including state, province, department, governorate)
- macrocounty (admin-3 including arrondissement)
- county (admin-4 including prefecture, sub-prefecture, regency, canton, commune)
- localadmin (admin-5 including municipality, local government area, unitary authority, commune, suburb)

The dataset also contains human settlement points and polygons for:
- localities (city, town, and village)
- neighbourhoods (borough, macrohood, neighbourhood, microhood)

The dataset covers activities carried out by Who's On First (WOF) since 2015. Global administrative boundaries and human settlements are aggregated and standardized from hundreds of sources and available with an open CC-BY license. Who's On First data is updated on an as-need basis for individual places with annual sprints focused on improving specific countries or placetypes. Please refer to the README.md file for complete data source metadata. Refer to our blog post for explanation of field names.

Data corrections can be proposed using Write Field, an web app for making quick data edits. You’ll need a Github.com account to login and propose edits, which are then reviewed by the Who's On First community using the Github pull request process. Approved changes are available for download within 24-hours. Please contact WOF admin about bulk edits.

The housing-led projections reconcile future population growth with available housing supply by incorporating a housing supply trajectory. The housing-led projections are recommended for most local planning purposes, and the 10-year variant can be considered the default variant. For most users, we recommend accessing the projections through the London Projections Explorer tool. Users in London local authorities are able to request bespoke projections based on alternative housing scenarios through the GLA Population Projection Service. The most recent set of projections are the 2022-based round (August 2024) which comprise three variants based on different migration and fertility assumptions. All 2022-based projections are based on a common scenario of assumed future housing delivery that is derived from capacity identified in the 2017 Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment. These projections are based on modelled back series of population estimates produced by the GLA and available here. Additional documentation, including updated information about methodologies and assumptions will be published in the coming days. For more information about these projections, see the accompanying blog post. The housing-led projections include projections for London Boroughs and London wards (2022 boundaries). The release also includes components of change (births, deaths and migration data). Documentation page Back to projections homepage

The data set used be the blog post "An experiment in open science: exoplanet population inference" published at https://dfm.io/posts/exopop/

The population of the world, allocated to 1 arcsecond blocks. This refines CIESIN’s Gridded Population of the World project, using machine learning models on high-resolution worldwide Digital Globe satellite imagery. More information.

There is also a tiled version of this dataset that may be easier to use if you are interested in many countries.