Chosen names reflect changes in societal values, personal tastes and cultural diversity. Vogues in name usage can be easily shown on a case by case basis, by plotting the rise and fall in their popularity over time. However, individual name choices are not made in isolation and trends in naming are better understood as group-level phenomena. Here we use network analysis to examine onomastic (name) datasets in order to explore the influences on name choices within the UK over the last 170 years. Using a large representative sample of approximately 22 million forenames from England and Wales given between 1838 and 2014, along with a complete population sample of births registered between 1996 and 2016, we demonstrate how trends in name usage can be visualised as network graphs. By exploring the structure of these graphs various patterns of name use become apparent, a consequence of external social forces, such as migration, operating in concert with internal mechanisms of change. In general, we show that the topology of network graphs can reveal naming vogues, and that naming vogues in part reflect social and demographic changes. Many name choices are consistent with a self-correcting feedback loop, whereby rarer names become common because there are virtues perceived in their rarity, yet with these perceived virtues lost upon increasing commonality. Towards the present day, we can speculate that the comparatively greater range of media, freedom of movement, and ability to maintain globally-distributed social networks increases the number of possible names, but also ensures they may more quickly be perceived as commonplace. Consequently, contemporary naming vogues are relatively short-lived with many name choices appearing a balance struck between recognisability and rarity. The data are available in multiple forms including via an easy-to-use web interface at http://demos.flourish.studio/namehistory.

Total current population for China in 2025 is 1,424,381,924, a 0.06% decline from 2024.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Total population for China in 2024 was <strong>1,425,178,782</strong>, a <strong>1.03% increase</strong> from 2023.</li>
<li>Total population for China in 2023 was <strong>1,410,710,000</strong>, a <strong>0.1% decline</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>Total population for China in 2022 was <strong>1,412,175,000</strong>, a <strong>0.01% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
</ul>Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.

Sex-specific genetic structure is a commonly observed pattern among vertebrate species. Facing differential selective pressures, individuals may adopt sex-specific life history traits that ultimately shape genetic variation among populations. Although differential dispersal dynamics are commonly detected in the literature, few studies have used genetic structure to investigate sex-specific functional connectivity. The recent use of graph theoretic approaches in landscape genetics has demonstrated network capacities to describe complex system behaviours where network topology represents genetic interaction among subunits. Here, we partition the overall genetic structure into sex-specific graphs, revealing different male and female dispersal dynamics of a fisher (Pekania [Martes] pennanti) metapopulation in southern Ontario. Our analyses based on network topologies supported the hypothesis of male-biased dispersal. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the effect of the landscape, identified ...

Graph and download economic data for Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States (MSPUS) from Q1 1963 to Q2 2025 about sales, median, housing, and USA.

Arctic demography is commonly viewed on a large scale, across entire regions such as states, counties or boroughs. The data archived here contain annual time series for each of 43 Arctic Alaska towns and villages. Variables include annual estimates of population, natural increase (births minus deaths), and net migration (inmigration minus outmigration) for each place. Graphics depicting community population dynamics from 1990 to 2016 have been published online in connection with this research, and show that seemingly comparable places even within one borough can take widely divergent paths. Birth rates generally exceed death rates, although both are high. Year-to-year and place-to-place variations are dominated not by natural increase, but by differences in net migration. Population changes influence demand for resources such as water, electricity, fuel, and capital improvements, and probably for subsistence resources as well. Migration rates provide sensitive indicators that integrate diverse internal and external pressures. Recent analyses used these data to test for evidence of "climigration," or enhanced outmigration from places facing serious threats from climate-linked erosion. The data also provide information for comparative studies involving other far Northern regions; and for detecting possible impacts from economic events such as the 2008 recession. Example publications showing use of these data, with more background and sources, include: Hamilton, L.C., K. Saito, P.A. Loring, R.B. Lammers & H.P. Huntington. 2016. “Climigration? Population and climate change in Arctic Alaska.” Population and Environment 38(2):115–133. doi: 10.1007/s11111-016-0259-6 Hamilton, L.C., D.M. White, R.B. Lammers & G. Myerchin. 2012. “Population, climate and electricity use in the Arctic: Integrated analysis of Alaska community data.” Population and Environment 33(4):269–283. doi: 10.1007/s11111-011-0145-1

Over the past three decades, the share of the global population living in rural areas has decreased continuously. Since 2007, less than **** of the world's population lived in rural areas, a share that had dropped to ***** percent as of 2023. The urbanization is expected to continue over the coming decades.

The discrete graphics card market, encompassing gaming, professional, and business applications, is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for high-performance computing across various sectors. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the proliferation of graphically intensive applications like gaming, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and artificial intelligence (AI) necessitates powerful GPUs. Secondly, the ongoing technological advancements in GPU architecture, leading to improved processing power and energy efficiency, are further stimulating market growth. Thirdly, the rising adoption of cloud gaming and remote workstations is expanding the market's reach beyond traditional desktop PCs. The market is segmented by application (business, internet cafes, personal) and type (gaming, professional graphics cards), with the gaming segment currently dominating market share due to the immense popularity of gaming across different demographics. Major players like Nvidia and AMD continue to compete fiercely, driving innovation and price competitiveness. Despite the significant growth potential, the market faces certain restraints. The high cost of high-end graphics cards can limit accessibility for budget-conscious consumers. Furthermore, the cyclical nature of the technology industry, with periodic releases of new generations of GPUs, can impact sales in the short term. Regional variations in market growth are also expected, with North America and Asia Pacific anticipated to remain leading markets due to high technological adoption rates and significant gaming communities. However, emerging markets in regions like South America and Africa are showing promising growth potential, driven by increasing internet penetration and rising disposable incomes. Considering a hypothetical CAGR of 15% and a 2025 market size of $50 billion, a reasonable projection for the next decade suggests considerable expansion across all segments.

The global graphic display calculator market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing adoption in education and professional fields. The market, estimated at $2.5 billion in 2025, is projected to achieve a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated value of $4.2 billion by 2033. Key drivers include the rising demand for advanced mathematical and scientific computing tools in schools and universities, coupled with the increasing complexity of engineering and scientific applications requiring precise calculations and graphical representations. The shift towards online graphing calculators, offering accessibility and collaborative features, is a significant trend reshaping the market landscape. While the physical calculator segment continues to hold a larger share, the online segment is experiencing faster growth fueled by technological advancements and the affordability of digital solutions. However, factors such as the increasing affordability of smartphones with built-in calculation functionalities and the potential for software-based calculator apps to replace dedicated hardware present challenges for growth. The market is segmented by application (office use, school use, other) and type (physical and online graphing calculators). North America and Europe currently hold the largest market share, but the Asia-Pacific region is poised for substantial growth owing to expanding educational infrastructure and rising disposable incomes. Leading players like Texas Instruments, Casio, and HP are investing heavily in research and development to introduce innovative features and cater to evolving user demands, maintaining a competitive edge in this dynamic market. The market segmentation reveals interesting dynamics. While physical graphing calculators retain a dominant market share within the overall market, the online segment is experiencing exponential growth, particularly among younger demographics accustomed to digital learning environments. This rapid expansion of the online graphing calculator market is partly fueled by the development of sophisticated, free, and user-friendly online platforms like Desmos and GeoGebra. This competitive landscape is characterized by both established players like Texas Instruments and Casio, known for their robust and reliable hardware, and newer, innovative companies like Desmos and GeoGebra focusing on free and accessible online solutions. This presents an opportunity for collaboration and integration between physical and online calculator solutions, potentially leading to hybrid models that leverage the strengths of both. The geographical distribution reflects the global nature of the market, with developed regions showing strong existing market penetration while developing economies demonstrate promising growth potential.

Casual Strategy Game Market Outlook

The global market size for casual strategy games was valued at approximately USD 7.5 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to reach around USD 13.2 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by the increasing adoption of mobile devices and the rising popularity of casual gaming across various demographics. The accessibility of casual strategy games and the widening demographic that engages with these games contribute significantly to this market's expansion.

One of the primary growth factors for the casual strategy game market is the rapid penetration of smartphones and mobile devices globally. With the increasing affordability and capability of these devices, more individuals are gaining access to high-quality gaming experiences. This democratization of technology enables a broader audience to engage in casual strategy games, which are often designed to be easily accessible and enjoyable without requiring extensive time commitments or advanced gaming skills. This broad appeal is crucial in driving market growth.

Another significant contributor to market growth is the continuous development and innovation within the gaming industry. Game developers are consistently enhancing game graphics, introducing new game mechanics, and creating engaging storylines to captivate players. Furthermore, the integration of advanced technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) into casual strategy games is offering more immersive experiences, thereby attracting a larger audience. This innovation, coupled with robust marketing strategies, ensures sustained interest and engagement from both new and existing gamers.

The social component of casual strategy games also plays a vital role in market expansion. Many casual strategy games incorporate social features, such as multiplayer modes, leaderboards, and social media integration, fostering a sense of community among players. This social interaction enhances the gaming experience, encouraging players to spend more time and money on these games. The rise of esports and gaming tournaments further boosts the visibility and popularity of casual strategy games, contributing to market growth.

The evolution of multiplayer games within the casual strategy genre has been remarkable, offering players an opportunity to connect and compete with others across the globe. These games have transformed the traditional gaming experience by introducing elements of collaboration and competition, which are integral to their appeal. Multiplayer modes allow players to engage in real-time strategy battles, fostering a dynamic and interactive environment. This shift towards multiplayer experiences is supported by advancements in online gaming platforms, which facilitate seamless matchmaking and communication among players. As a result, multiplayer games have become a cornerstone of the casual strategy game market, driving engagement and expanding the player base.

In terms of regional outlook, Asia Pacific dominates the casual strategy game market, owing to the high number of mobile users and the popularity of gaming in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea. North America and Europe also represent significant markets due to high disposable incomes and advanced technological infrastructure. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging markets showing considerable potential, driven by increasing internet penetration and the growing adoption of mobile devices.

Platform Analysis

The casual strategy game market by platform is segmented into PC, console, and mobile. The mobile segment holds the largest market share, primarily due to the widespread adoption of smartphones and tablets. Mobile devices offer the convenience of gaming on-the-go, making them an ideal platform for casual gamers who prefer short, engaging gameplay sessions. Furthermore, mobile games are often free-to-play with in-app purchases, making them accessible to a wide audience. Developers are increasingly focusing on mobile platforms, leveraging app stores and social media for distribution and promotion.

Conversely, the PC segment continues to maintain a loyal user base, particularly among more serious casual gamers who seek better graphics and more complex gameplay. PCs offer superior processing power and graphical capabilities, providing a richer gaming experience. Additionally, PCs support a wide range of per

Sampled population parameters and corresponding node-based metrics, node removal statistics and BRIDES results.

As of April 2024, Bahrain was the country with the highest Instagram audience reach with 95.6 percent. Kazakhstan also had a high Instagram audience penetration rate, with 90.8 percent of the population using the social network. In the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, and Brunei, the photo-sharing platform was used by more than 85 percent of each country's population.

Demographic characteristics of the study participants (259 eyes).

A table and graphs showing results of two-way mixed-model ANOVA for Mazzaella flaccida and Mazzaella laminarioides reproductive blade area, spore density, and per capita fecundity.

As of April 2024, around 16.5 percent of global active Instagram users were men between the ages of 18 and 24 years. More than half of the global Instagram population worldwide was aged 34 years or younger.

              Teens and social media

              As one of the biggest social networks worldwide, Instagram is especially popular with teenagers. As of fall 2020, the photo-sharing app ranked third in terms of preferred social network among teenagers in the United States, second to Snapchat and TikTok. Instagram was one of the most influential advertising channels among female Gen Z users when making purchasing decisions. Teens report feeling more confident, popular, and better about themselves when using social media, and less lonely, depressed and anxious.
              Social media can have negative effects on teens, which is also much more pronounced on those with low emotional well-being. It was found that 35 percent of teenagers with low social-emotional well-being reported to have experienced cyber bullying when using social media, while in comparison only five percent of teenagers with high social-emotional well-being stated the same. As such, social media can have a big impact on already fragile states of mind.

As of January 2024, #love was the most used hashtag on Instagram, being included in over two billion posts on the social media platform. #Instagood and #instagram were used over one billion times as of early 2024.

As of April 2024, almost 32 percent of global Instagram audiences were aged between 18 and 24 years, and 30.6 percent of users were aged between 25 and 34 years. Overall, 16 percent of users belonged to the 35 to 44 year age group.

              Instagram users

              With roughly one billion monthly active users, Instagram belongs to the most popular social networks worldwide. The social photo sharing app is especially popular in India and in the United States, which have respectively 362.9 million and 169.7 million Instagram users each.

              Instagram features

              One of the most popular features of Instagram is Stories. Users can post photos and videos to their Stories stream and the content is live for others to view for 24 hours before it disappears. In January 2019, the company reported that there were 500 million daily active Instagram Stories users. Instagram Stories directly competes with Snapchat, another photo sharing app that initially became famous due to it’s “vanishing photos” feature.
              As of the second quarter of 2021, Snapchat had 293 million daily active users.

Cristiano Ronaldo has one of the most popular Instagram accounts as of April 2024.

              The Portuguese footballer is the most-followed person on the photo sharing app platform with 628 million followers. Instagram's own account was ranked first with roughly 672 million followers.

              How popular is Instagram?

              Instagram is a photo-sharing social networking service that enables users to take pictures and edit them with filters. The platform allows users to post and share their images online and directly with their friends and followers on the social network. The cross-platform app reached one billion monthly active users in mid-2018. In 2020, there were over 114 million Instagram users in the United States and experts project this figure to surpass 127 million users in 2023.

              Who uses Instagram?

              Instagram audiences are predominantly young – recent data states that almost 60 percent of U.S. Instagram users are aged 34 years or younger. Fall 2020 data reveals that Instagram is also one of the most popular social media for teens and one of the social networks with the biggest reach among teens in the United States.

              Celebrity influencers on Instagram
              Many celebrities and athletes are brand spokespeople and generate additional income with social media advertising and sponsored content. Unsurprisingly, Ronaldo ranked first again, as the average media value of one of his Instagram posts was 985,441 U.S. dollars.

How much time do people spend on social media?

              As of 2024, the average daily social media usage of internet users worldwide amounted to 143 minutes per day, down from 151 minutes in the previous year. Currently, the country with the most time spent on social media per day is Brazil, with online users spending an average of three hours and 49 minutes on social media each day. In comparison, the daily time spent with social media in
              the U.S. was just two hours and 16 minutes. Global social media usageCurrently, the global social network penetration rate is 62.3 percent. Northern Europe had an 81.7 percent social media penetration rate, topping the ranking of global social media usage by region. Eastern and Middle Africa closed the ranking with 10.1 and 9.6 percent usage reach, respectively.
              People access social media for a variety of reasons. Users like to find funny or entertaining content and enjoy sharing photos and videos with friends, but mainly use social media to stay in touch with current events friends. Global impact of social mediaSocial media has a wide-reaching and significant impact on not only online activities but also offline behavior and life in general.
              During a global online user survey in February 2019, a significant share of respondents stated that social media had increased their access to information, ease of communication, and freedom of expression. On the flip side, respondents also felt that social media had worsened their personal privacy, increased a polarization in politics and heightened everyday distractions.

In 2023, Meta Platforms had a total annual revenue of over 134 billion U.S. dollars, up from 116 billion in 2022. LinkedIn reported its highest annual revenue to date, generating over 15 billion USD, whilst Snapchat reported an annual revenue of 4.6 billion USD.

Instagram’s most popular post

              As of April 2024, the most popular post on Instagram was Lionel Messi and his teammates after winning the 2022 FIFA World Cup with Argentina, posted by the account @leomessi. Messi's post, which racked up over 61 million likes within a day, knocked off the reigning post, which was 'Photo of an Egg'. Originally posted in January 2021, 'Photo of an Egg' surpassed the world’s most popular Instagram post at that time, which was a photo by Kylie Jenner’s daughter totaling 18 million likes.
              After several cryptic posts published by the account, World Record Egg revealed itself to be a part of a mental health campaign aimed at the pressures of social media use.

              Instagram’s most popular accounts

              As of April 2024, the official Instagram account @instagram had the most followers of any account on the platform, with 672 million followers. Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo (@cristiano) was the most followed individual with 628 million followers, while Selena Gomez (@selenagomez) was the most followed woman on the platform with 429 million. Additionally, Inter Miami CF striker Lionel Messi (@leomessi) had a total of 502 million. Celebrities such as The Rock, Kylie Jenner, and Ariana Grande all had over 380 million followers each.

              Instagram influencers

              In the United States, the leading content category of Instagram influencers was lifestyle, with 15.25 percent of influencers creating lifestyle content in 2021. Music ranked in second place with 10.96 percent, followed by family with 8.24 percent. Having a large audience can be very lucrative: Instagram influencers in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom with over 90,000 followers made around 1,221 US dollars per post.

              Instagram around the globe

              Instagram’s worldwide popularity continues to grow, and India is the leading country in terms of number of users, with over 362.9 million users as of January 2024. The United States had 169.65 million Instagram users and Brazil had 134.6 million users. The social media platform was also very popular in Indonesia and Turkey, with 100.9 and 57.1, respectively. As of January 2024, Instagram was the fourth most popular social network in the world, behind Facebook, YouTube and WhatsApp.