Graph and download economic data for OECD based Recession Indicators for Denmark from the Peak through the Period preceding the Trough (DISCONTINUED) (DNKRECP) from Feb 1960 to Aug 2022 about Denmark, peak, trough, and recession indicators.

Except for the years around the financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, and after the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Denmark had a positive growth rate over the past 20 years. In 2020, Denmark's GDP decreased by over two percent compared to the previous year, but was up at 6.8 percent in 2021. For more information about the economic impact of COVID-19 in the Nordic countries, visit our dedicated page.

Denmark GDP Counterfactual Tracker: % Change from Pre-Crisis Trend data was reported at 1.873 % in 30 Jan 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.868 % for 23 Jan 2022. Denmark GDP Counterfactual Tracker: % Change from Pre-Crisis Trend data is updated weekly, averaging -1.323 % from May 2020 (Median) to 30 Jan 2022, with 91 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.625 % in 05 Sep 2021 and a record low of -5.481 % in 24 May 2020. Denmark GDP Counterfactual Tracker: % Change from Pre-Crisis Trend data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.WT: GDP Growth Tracker: Weekly.

Denmark GDP Counterfactual Tracker: % Change from Pre-Crisis Trend: Low data was reported at -0.990 % in 30 Jan 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of -1.271 % for 23 Jan 2022. Denmark GDP Counterfactual Tracker: % Change from Pre-Crisis Trend: Low data is updated weekly, averaging -4.341 % from May 2020 (Median) to 30 Jan 2022, with 91 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -0.741 % in 05 Sep 2021 and a record low of -8.682 % in 24 May 2020. Denmark GDP Counterfactual Tracker: % Change from Pre-Crisis Trend: Low data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.WT: GDP Growth Tracker: Weekly.

In 2024, the inflation rate in Denmark amounted to 1.27 percent compared to the previous year. Forecasts see it rising to around two percent, the rate of inflation considered stable by economists. Denmark’s economy in short Denmark is a market economy with a consistent trade surplus, with most of its workforce employed in the services sector. It relies on foreign trade and exports mostly chemicals, agricultural products, and machinery. Denmark is not part of the euro area and thus has kept its currency, the Danish krone. Nevertheless, it was hit by the recession of 2008 and 2009, but has recovered quite well. Everything’s stable in the state of DenmarkDespite a slump during the economic crisis around 2008 and 2009, Denmark’s economy is considered to be thriving. Key economic indicators all point to a bright future: Unemployment has been decreasing for the last few years, GDP growth has been steady, and additionally, Denmark scored quite high on the Human Development Index (HDI) – a sure sign that economy and living conditions in the country are stable.

Unemployment Rate in Denmark remained unchanged at 2.60 percent in July. This dataset provides - Denmark Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

E-commerce stores in Denmark increased their sales due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis more than stores, which provided both e-commerce and physical shopping services, as of April 2020. Around 45 percent of the webshops, which engaged entirely in e-commerce, reported a sales increase of at least ten percent.

From 1991 to 2023, Denmark experienced a dramatic consolidation in its banking sector, with domestic banks declining sharply while foreign bank presence grew. The number of Danish banks fell from *** to **, while foreign bank branches increased from * to **. The steepest declines occurred following the 2008 global financial crisis and during the European debt crisis of 2012-2013.

Material recovery service providers have contended with numerous economic headwinds in recent years, ranging from subdued economic growth during the cost-of-living crisis and the high base rate environment as central banks aimed to curb spiralling inflation. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 4.1% over the five years through 2025 to €120.7 billion, including an estimated dip of 0.7% in 2025. Demand for material recovery services is highly contingent on downstream construction, mining and manufacturing sectors producing hefty waste. Since the end of the pandemic, high interest rates have ramped up the cost of borrowing while building material costs skyrocketed, putting off many developers from beginning projects and weighing on construction activity. Subdued economic growth has also hit the manufacturing sector, eroding demand for material recovery services. According to the European Commission, 527 kilograms (kg) of municipal waste per capita was generated in the EU in 2021, while 49% of municipal waste in the EU was recycled. This figure declined to 511kg of municipal waste per capita generated in 2023, with 48% of waste being recycled. The decrease in municipal waste per capita suggests a potential shift towards more sustainable consumption and production patterns. This can positively influence the quality of materials recovered, as higher-quality waste streams may become available for recycling. Decreased waste generation and stagnating recycling rates also signify reduced available materials for recovery, which has impacted revenue streams for companies reliant on high volumes. This stagnation might indicate challenges in public engagement and infrastructure that need addressing to prevent further declines. However, growing recycling rates in the coming years are set to maintain demand, supported by government initiatives like the European Green Deal, which includes the Circular Economy Action Plan. Revenue is expected to climb at a compound annual rate of 3.1% over the five years through 2030 to €140.9 billion. Economic conditions are set to improve in the short term as inflationary pressures subside, allowing central banks to adopt looser monetary policy and support GDP growth. This will drive downstream construction and manufacturing sector activity in the short term, lifting demand for material recovery services. The growing emphasis on sustainability will also persist in the coming years as countries across Europe strive for a circular economy, driving demand and supporting revenue growth.

We study the response of firms' output prices to a cut in credit supply. We combine data on loans between Danish firms and banks with survey-based producer prices and transaction-based export unit values. Exploiting banks’ heterogeneous exposure to the global financial crisis, we show that loans to firms with relationships to exposed banks drop and lending rates increase. In response, firms raise prices by 3-5%. This effect is decreasing in the elasticity of firms' demand but positive for most industrial production. Our results support the idea that firms use price increases to raise cash when external sources of liquidity dry up.

In the decade after the 2008 financial crisis, pension providers across faced challenging conditions thanks to interest rates falling to historical lows, affecting the returns on fixed-income investments, like bonds. However, despite interest rates picking up in recent years amid the inflationary environment, headwinds remain. Revenue is expected to drop at a compound annual rate of 4.2% over the five years through 2024 to €793 billion, including a forecast fall of 1.8% in 2024. Profit has also edged downwards due to rising interest rates hitting equity and bond markets, though the average industry profit margin still stands strong, at an estimated 43.5% in 2024. Pension providers invest the contributions of policyholders into investment markets like bonds and equity, with the aim of making sure their assets can meet their liabilities – the benefits paid to retirees. Pension funds invest heavily in bond markets due to their relatively low risk and low volatility. However, this type of fixed-income investment has struggled since 2022 in the rising base rate environment, which saw yields skyrocket and bond prices plummet, hitting investment income. Equity markets, an asset class that traditionally performed inversely to bonds when interest rates were low, also performed poorly, stunted by muted economic growth and rock bottom investor sentiment. However, at the tail end of 2023, optimism picked up, with investors pricing in rate cuts, a scenario that should support economic growth and, in turn, equity markets. Bond markets also experienced considerable capital inflows as investors looked to lock in higher yields before they fell in line with a declining interest rates. Revenue is anticipated to climb at a compound annual rate of 3% over the five years through 2029 to €919.2 billion, while the average industry profit margin is estimated to swell to 45.1%. Investment returns are set to improve in the short term as markets benefit from interest rate cuts and improving economic conditions. However, an ageing population will remain a concern for pension providers as more people retire and claim their retirement benefits, ratcheting up liabilities.

The statistic shows the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in the EU member states in the second quarter 2024 compared to the same quarter of the previous year. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year. It is considered to be a very important indicator of the economic strength of a country and a positive change in it is a sign of economic growth. In the second quarter of 2024, the real GDP in Denmark increased by 2.5 percent compared to the same quarter of the previous year. The overall EU GDP amounted to around 15.8 trillion euros around the same time. Global economy and the economic crisis The global economy has been slowly recovery after having been devastated by the global financial crisis in 2008. The economic crisis, which hit Greece, Ireland and Portugal, among other countries, severely, marked the beginning of the European sovereign debt crisis which forced these nations to request a bailout between 2013 and 2014. In November 2014, the unemployment rate in Greece amounted to around a desastrous 25 percent, which means one quarter of Greeks who were of working age were out of work. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate average for the whole European Union was at 10 percent. In addition, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Ireland ranked at the top of the list of the nations in the European Union with the largest national debt in relation to the gross domestic product. In the third quarter of 2014, Greece’s national debt amounted to 176 percent of the gross domestic product. Despite the crisis, the global economy is expected to improve. It is estimated that GDP in the European Union will grow by 1.85 percent in 2015 in comparison to the previous year. Also, the national debt in relation to GDP in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Ireland will decrease between 2015 and 2016.

The Direct Real Estate Activities industry have come up against numerous headwinds in recent years, ranging from the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 to the high base rate environment in the years since, which has inflated borrowing costs for potential buyers. This is a sharp contrast to the ultra-low interest environment seen over the decade following the 2008 financial crisis. Still, revenue is forecast to edge upwards at a compound annual rate of 0.6% over the five years through 2025 to €622.9 billion, including an anticipated rise of 0.8% in 2025. Despite weak revenue growth, profitability remains strong, with the average industry profit margin standing at an estimated 18.9% in 2025. Central banks across Europe adopted aggressive monetary policy in the two years through 2023 in an effort to curb spiralling inflation. This ratcheted up borrowing costs and hit the real estate sector. In the residential property market, mortgage rates picked up and hit housing transaction levels. However, the level of mortgage rate hikes has varied across Europe, with the UK experiencing the largest rise, meaning the dent to UK real estate demand was more pronounced. Commercial real estate has also struggled due to inflationary pressures, supply chain disruptions and rising rates. Alongside this, the market’s stock of office space isn’t able to satisfy business demand, with companies placing a greater emphasis on high-quality space and environmental impact. Properties in many areas haven't been suitable due to their lack of green credentials. Nevertheless, things are looking up, as interest rates have been falling across Europe over the two years through 2025, reducing borrowing costs and boosting the number of property transactions, which is aiding revenue growth for estate agents. Revenue is slated to grow at a compound annual rate of 4.5% over the five years through 2030 to €777.6 billion. Economic conditions are set to improve in the short term, which will boost consumer and business confidence, ramping up the number of property transactions in both the residential and commercial real estate markets. However, estate agents may look to adjust their offerings to align with the data centre boom to soak up the demand from this market, while also adhering to sustainability commitments.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. Carried out every four years, the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) examines both the objective circumstances of European citizens' lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. It collects data on a range of issues, such as employment, income, education, housing, family, health and work-life balance. It also looks at subjective topics, such as people's levels of happiness, life satisfaction, and perceived quality of society. By running the survey regularly, it has also become possible to track key trends in the quality of people's lives over time. Previous surveys have shown, for instance, that people are having greater difficulty making ends meet since the economic crisis began. In many countries, they also feel that there is now more tension between people from different ethnic groups. And across Europe, people now trust their governments less than they did before. However, people still continue to get the greatest satisfaction from their family life and personal relationships. Over the years, the EQLS has developed into a valuable set of indicators which complements traditional indicators of economic growth and living standard such as GDP or income. The EQLS indicators are more inclusive of environmental and social aspects of progress and therefore are easily integrated into the decision-making process and taken up by public debate at EU and national levels in the European Union. In each wave a sample of adult population has been selected randomly for a face to face interview. In view of the prospective European enlargements the geographical coverage of the survey has expanded over time from 28 countries in 2003 to 34 countries in 2011-12. Further information about the survey can be found on the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound) EQLS web pages. Main Topics: The survey examines a range of issues, such as employment, income, education, housing, family, health, work-life balance, life satisfaction and perceived quality of society. Multi-stage stratified random sample See documentation for details Face-to-face interview 2003 AGE AGRICULTURE ATTITUDES Austria BASIC NEEDS Belgium Bulgaria CARE OF DEPENDANTS CAREER DEVELOPMENT CHARITABLE ORGANIZA... CHIEF INCOME EARNERS CHILD CARE CHILDREN COMMUTING COMPUTERS CONSUMER GOODS Cyprus Czech Republic DEBILITATIVE ILLNESS DEBTS DECISION MAKING DISABILITIES DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DOMESTIC RESPONSIBI... Denmark ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND EDUCATIONAL COURSES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT HISTORY ENGLISH LANGUAGE EVERYDAY LIFE EXPECTATION EXPOSURE TO NOISE Estonia European Union Coun... FAMILY LIFE FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOOD AND NUTRITION FURNITURE Finland France GENDER GENERAL PRACTITIONERS Germany October 1990 Greece HEALTH CONSULTATIONS HEALTH SERVICES HOURS OF WORK HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HOUSEHOLD HEAD S EC... HOUSEHOLD HEAD S OC... HOUSEHOLDS HOUSEWORK HOUSING CONDITIONS Hungary INCOME INTERGROUP CONFLICT Ireland Italy JOB SATISFACTION LABOUR FORCE LABOUR RELATIONS LAND OWNERSHIP LEISURE GOODS LIFE SATISFACTION LIFE STYLES LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL COMMUNITY FAC... LUCK Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg MEALS MOTOR VEHICLES Malta NEIGHBOURHOODS Netherlands OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY OCCUPATIONAL STATUS OCCUPATIONS PARENTS PERSONAL CONTACT POLITICAL PARTICIPA... POLLUTION POVERTY Poland Portugal QUALIFICATIONS QUALITY OF LIFE RECREATIONAL FACILI... RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE ROOMS RURAL AREAS Romania SATISFACTION SOCIAL ATTITUDES SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INDICATORS SOCIAL LIFE SOCIAL SECURITY BEN... SOCIAL SUPPORT STANDARD OF LIVING STATE RETIREMENT PE... STRESS PSYCHOLOGICAL SUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENT SUPERVISORY STATUS Slovakia Slovenia Social behaviour an... Social conditions a... Sweden TERMINATION OF SERVICE TRAINING TRUST Turkey URBAN AREAS United Kingdom VOLUNTARY WORK WAGES WATER PROPERTIES WORK ATTITUDE WORKING CONDITIONS

As Europe attempts to mount an economic recovery from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the NextGenerationEU recovery plan is set to be a key mechanism in helping EU member states to invest in key strategic areas. The recovery packages are comprised of new debt financed collectively at the EU-level, which is then distributed to member states based on their needs. The focus of the packages are on areas such as green energy, sustainable development, and digitalization policies which assist EU member states in boosting their long-term growth.

Public opinion is very much in favor of the NextGenEU plans, with on average 82 percent of respondents saying the plans will ensure the revitalization of the EU. There is a notable divide between member states who have stronger public finances and have experienced fewer economic and political crises over the past decade, and those states who have experienced severe economic and political disruption since the global financial crisis and Eurozone crisis. Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands, three countries who have fared well economically over the past decade, all are more positive about their own country's ability to reap the benefits of the NGEU plans than they are about the plans in general. On the other hand, Belgium, France, Greece, and Italy are all strongly positive about the overall impact of NGEU, while remaining skeptical about their country's ability to reap its benefits. This is likely due to the instability in these countries' politics and economies since the Eurozone crisis, with Greece in particular being the most troubled of all EU members over the past decade.

（停止更新）GDP反事实追踪模型：%危机前趋势的变化在01-30-2022达1.873%，相较于01-23-2022的1.868%有所增长。（停止更新）GDP反事实追踪模型：%危机前趋势的变化数据按周更新，05-10-2020至01-30-2022期间平均值为-1.323%，共91份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于09-05-2021，达2.625%，而历史最低值则出现于05-24-2020，为-5.481%。CEIC提供的（停止更新）GDP反事实追踪模型：%危机前趋势的变化数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development，数据归类于全球数据库的丹麦 – Table DK.OECD.WT: GDP Growth Tracker: Weekly。

Over the past 20 years Sweden constantly had the highest positive net migration of the five Nordic countries, except for 2011 and 2022, when Denmark and Norway had the highest net migration of the five. Especially in 2016, when Sweden accepted a high number of the refugees that came to Europe that year, its net migration was far higher than in the other four Nordic countries. The increase of the net migration in 2022 is partly explained by refugees fleeing the Russia-Ukraine war. Iceland, which had the lowest net migration of the countries, even had a few years of a negative net migration following the financial crisis in 2008/2009, which hit the country's economy hard.

From 2013 to 2019, the gross domestic product (GDP) of all five Nordic countries except Finland grew every year. Finland had a negative growth rate between 2012 and 2014. However, after the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, GDP growth rates in all five countries were negative. Relatively speaking, Iceland's economy was hit the hardest, whereas Norway's decrease was least dramatic. As of October 2023, the GDP of Sweden and Finland were forecast to decline, while it was forecast to increase in the other three countries. This must be seen in relation with the high inflation rates in 2022 and 2023.

The statistic shows the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in the European Union and the Euro area from 2019 to 2023, with projections up until 2029. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. In 2022, the GDP in the European Union increased by about 3.61 percent compared to the previous year. Growth trends in the EU compared to the euro area The euro area, which is also called the eurozone, is an economic and monetary union (EMU) which includes 19 of the 27 European Union member states which have formally adopted the euro. Those countries include Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Member states which have not yet adopted the euro include Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Additionally, there is the so-called Schengen Area, which is composed of EU and non-EU states, and has been established mainly to facilitate travelling in Europe. While some countries, such as Kosovo and Montenegro have adopted the euro unilaterally, they are not formally part of the eurozone. Others have established a monetary agreement with the EU to use the euro, such as Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican, but they do not form part of the official euro area. As can be seen in the chart, annual GDP growth slumped in 2012 and 2013, presumably as a result of the global financial crisis, in both the EU and the euro area. In 2013, growth began increasing ever so slightly and in 2014 the EU regained a bit of stability. However, overall recovery in the EU has been relatively moderate and gradual; growth throughout the EU has been slightly better than in the euro area and is projected to remain slightly better for the foreseeable future. Relatively new member states such as Romania and Czechia, which have not yet adopted the euro, reported the highest annual growth rates in the EU in 2015, and generally, new member states show slightly better growth rates. Also, unemployment has been slightly higher in the euro area compared to the EU for the last ten years (267906). The unemployment rate also remains relatively high for both the EU and the euro area. As for public spending as a share of GDP, these figures are slightly higher in the euro area than in the EU as a whole. The member states with the highest national debt include the United Kingdom, Italy, France and Germany - some of the oldest members of the euro area. The national debt of the euro area is slightly higher than the national debt of the EU as a whole, underlining the economic situation of both areas.

The European banking sector showed significant disparities in net interest margins (NIM) during the last quarter 2024. Poland and Hungary topped the rankings with NIMs of *** percent and *** percent, respectively. In contrast, several Western European nations reported markedly lower figures: Germany and Denmark at *** percent, France at *** percent. NIM, a key indicator of bank profitability, measures the difference between interest income earned from lending activities and interest paid to depositors, expressed as a percentage of interest-earning assets. Profitability and stability Low profitability has been highlighted several times by the ECB as a key risk to the financial stability of the Euro area. There are several ways to examine profitability in the banking sector, such as the cost-to-income ratio. Prolonged low profitability can have a knock-on effect on an economy’s growth. On the other hand, sustained periods of higher than average profitability can also mean trouble, as was seen in the period running up to the financial crisis. Other key measures There are several other metrics that can also be used. Return on equity (ROE), which divides net income by shareholders' equity, looks at how well a company’s management is using its assets to create profits. Another key measure of a bank's profitability is to look at the return on assets (ROA), which divides a bank’s net income by its total assets during a given period.