This digital map shows the areal extent of surficial deposits and rock stratigraphic units (formations) as compiled by Trimble and Machette from 1973 to 1977 and published in 1979 under the Front Range Urban Corridor Geology Program. Trimble and Machette compiled their geologic map from published geologic maps and unpublished geologic mapping having varied map unit schemes. A convenient feature of the compiled map is its uniform classification of geologic units that mostly matches those of companion maps to the north (USGS I-855-G) and to the south (USGS I-857-F). Published as a color paper map, the Trimble and Machette map was intended for land-use planning in the Front Range Urban Corridor. This map recently (1997-1999) was digitized under the USGS Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project. In general, the mountainous areas in the western part of the map exhibit various igneous and metamorphic bedrock units of Precambrian age, major faults, and fault brecciation zones at the east margin (5-20 km wide) of the Front Range. The eastern and central parts of the map (Colorado Piedmont) depict a mantle of unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age and interspersed outcroppings of Cretaceous or Tertiary-Cretaceous sedimentary bedrock. The Quaternary mantle comprises eolian deposits (quartz sand and silt), alluvium (gravel, sand, and silt of variable composition), colluvium, and a few landslides. At the mountain front, north-trending, dipping Paleozoic and Mesozoic sandstone, shale, and limestone bedrock formations form hogbacks and intervening valleys.

Infrastructure, such as roads, airports, water and energy transmission and distribution facilities, sewage treatment plants, and many other facilities, is vital to the sustainability and vitality of any populated area. Rehabilitation of existing and development of new infrastructure requires three natural resources: natural aggregate (stone, sand, and gravel), water, and energy http://rockyweb.cr.usgs.gov/frontrange/overview.htm.

The principal goals of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project (FRIRP) were to develop information, define tools, and demonstrate ways to: (1) implement a multidisciplinary evaluation of the distribution and quality of a region's infrastructure resources, (2) identify issues that may affect availability of resources, and (3) work with cooperators to provide decision makers with tools to evaluate alternatives to enhance decision-making. Geographic integration of data (geospatial databases) can provide an interactive tool to facilitate decision-making by stakeholders http://rockyweb.cr.usgs.gov/frontrange/overview.htm.

RTD's publicly available GIS data including service area and director districts boundaries, available for download.The following is an updated boundary map of the district area as described in Colorado Revised Statute Title 32 Special Districts, Special Statutory Districts, Article 9 Regional transportation District Act current through the First Regular Session of the Sixty-Fifth General Assembly (2005). This description is meant to clarify and simplify the current statutory boundary description and does not constitute an annexation. Portions of the original District boundary with ambiguous or poorly described boundary lines have been drawn based on the location that has been historically used by the District as per House Bill 07-1295. Research of county records for municipal annexations that affect the District boundary has been completed as of June 3, 2022.

The purpose of this layer is to provide an accurate representation of impervious surfaces in the City and County of Denver. This layer combines Stormwater Billing impervious surfaces with Planimetric impervious surfaces; allowing for a comprehensive, city-wide, impervious surface layer.This layer is a compilation of two independent sources of impervious surface data. The data is provided by both the City and County of Denver’s Public Works Wastewater Management Division-Customer Service (WMD-CS) and Kucera International Inc.The WMD-CS data represents areas digitized for all stormwater billing inspections after December 2002 and contains impervious surface delineations of each inspected property. These features are updated daily by WMD-CS field investigators and GIS personnel. The planimetric data, supplied by Kucera International Inc, defines the stereocompiled features of the DRCOG Denver Region Urbanized Project Area. The features were compiled from the Denver Regional Aerial Photography Project (DRAPP) 2016 Aerial Imagery Acquisition and Production. This 1"=100' scale imagery is comprised of 4-band RGBIR color orthoimagery with a GSD (Ground Sample Distance) of 0.5'. Imagery was collected with the Leica ADS40 and ADS80 digital sensors and processed with Leica XPro software. Imagery is projected in State Plane Coordinate System, Colorado central zone using the Lambert Conformal Conic map projection parameters. Horizontal and vertical datums are NAD83(11) and NAVD88(GEOID12A) respectively. The planimetric features are static.

description: Thirty-nine types of surficial geologic deposits and residual materials of Quaternary age are described and mapped in the greater Denver area, in part of the Front Range, and in the piedmont and plains east of Denver, Boulder, and Castle Rock. Descriptions appear in the pamphlet that accompanies the map. Landslide deposits, colluvium, residuum, alluvium, and other deposits or materials are described in terms of predominant grain size, mineral or rock composition (e.g., gypsiferous, calcareous, granitic, andesitic), thickness of deposits, and other physical characteristics. Origins and ages of the deposits and geologic hazards related to them are noted. Many lines between geologic units on our map were placed by generalizing contacts on published maps. However, in 1997-1999 we mapped new boundaries, as well. The map was projected to the UTM projection. This large map area extends from the Continental Divide near Winter Park and Fairplay ( on the west edge), eastward about 107 mi (172 km); and extends from Boulder on the north edge to Woodland Park at the south edge (68 mi; 109 km).; abstract: Thirty-nine types of surficial geologic deposits and residual materials of Quaternary age are described and mapped in the greater Denver area, in part of the Front Range, and in the piedmont and plains east of Denver, Boulder, and Castle Rock. Descriptions appear in the pamphlet that accompanies the map. Landslide deposits, colluvium, residuum, alluvium, and other deposits or materials are described in terms of predominant grain size, mineral or rock composition (e.g., gypsiferous, calcareous, granitic, andesitic), thickness of deposits, and other physical characteristics. Origins and ages of the deposits and geologic hazards related to them are noted. Many lines between geologic units on our map were placed by generalizing contacts on published maps. However, in 1997-1999 we mapped new boundaries, as well. The map was projected to the UTM projection. This large map area extends from the Continental Divide near Winter Park and Fairplay ( on the west edge), eastward about 107 mi (172 km); and extends from Boulder on the north edge to Woodland Park at the south edge (68 mi; 109 km).

This metadata describes the stereocompiled Edge of Pavement (EOP) polygons feature of DRCOG Denver Region Urbanized Project Area. The feature was compiled from the Denver Regional Aerial Photography Project (DRAPP) 2014 Aerial Imagery Acquisition and Production. This 1"=100' scale imagery is comprised of 4-band RGBIR color orthoimagery with a GSD (Ground Sample Distance) of 0.5'. Imagery was collected with the Leica ADS40 and ADS80 digital sensors and processed with Leica XPro software. Imagery is projected in State Plane Coordinate System, Colorado central zone using the Lambert Conformal Conic map projection parameters. Horizontal and vertical datums are NAD83(11) and NAVD88(GEOID12A) respectively.

Enterprise Zone area as of January 1, 2016 in the City and County of Denver. The State of Colorado Office of Economic Development required that all jurisdictions with Enterprise Zones use updated criteria to redesignate their Enterprise Zone boundaries, to be effective January 1, 2016.

This digital map shows bedding attitude symbols display over the geographic extent of surficial deposits and rock stratigraphic units (formations) as compiled by Trimble and Machette 1973-1977 and published in 1979 (U.S. Geological Survey Map I-856-H) under the Front Range Urban Corridor Geology Program. Trimble and Machette compiled their geologic map from published geologic maps and unpublished geologic mapping having varied map unit schemes. A convenient feature of the compiled map is its uniform classification of geologic units that mostly matches those of companion maps to the north (USGS I-855-G) and to the south (USGS I-857-F). Published as a color paper map, the Trimble and Machette map was intended for land-use planning in the Front Range Urban Corridor. This map recently (1997-1999), was digitized under the USGS Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project (see cross-reference). In general, the mountainous areas in the west part of the map exhibit various igneous and metamorphic bedrock units of Precambrian age, major faults, and fault brecciation zones at the east margin (5-20 km wide) of the Front Range. The eastern and central parts of the map (Colorado Piedmont) depict a mantle of unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age and interspersed outcroppings of Cretaceous or Tertiary-Cretaceous sedimentary bedrock. The Quaternary mantle is comprised of eolian deposits (quartz sand and silt), alluvium (gravel, sand, and silt of variable composition), colluvium, and few landslides. At the mountain front, north-trending, dipping Paleozoic and Mesozoic sandstone, shale, and limestone bedrock formations form hogbacks and intervening valleys.

This web map created by the Colorado Governor's Office of Information Technology GIS team, serves as a basemap specific to the state of Colorado. The basemap includes general layers such as counties, municipalities, roads, waterbodies, state parks, national forests, national wilderness areas, and trails.Layers:Layer descriptions and sources can be found below. Layers have been modified to only represent features within Colorado and are not up to date. Layers last updated February 23, 2023. Colorado State Extent: Description: “This layer provides generalized boundaries for the 50 States and the District of Columbia.” Notes: This layer was filtered to only include the State of ColoradoSource: Esri Living Atlas USA States Generalized Boundaries Feature LayerState Wildlife Areas:Description: “This data was created by the CPW GIS Unit. Property boundaries are created by dissolving CDOWParcels by the property name, and property type and appending State Park boundaries designated as having public access. All parcel data correspond to legal transactions made by the CPW Real Estate Unit. The boundaries of the CDOW Parcels were digitized using metes and bounds, BLM's GCDB dataset, the PLSS dataset (where the GCDB dataset was unavailable) and using existing digital data on the boundaries.” Notes: The state wildlife areas layer in this basemap is filtered from the CPW Managed Properties (public access only) layer from this feature layer hosted in ArcGIS Online Source: Colorado Parks and Wildlife CPW Admin Data Feature LayerMunicipal Boundaries:Description: "Boundaries data from the State Demography Office of Colorado Municipalities provided by the Department of Local Affairs (DOLA)"Source: Colorado Information Marketplace Municipal Boundaries in ColoradoCounties:Description: “This layer presents the USA 2020 Census County (or County Equivalent) boundaries of the United States in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. It is updated annually as County (or County Equivalent) boundaries change. The geography is sources from US Census Bureau 2020 TIGER FGDB (National Sub-State) and edited using TIGER Hydrology to add a detailed coastline for cartographic purposes. Geography last updated May 2022.” Notes: This layer was filtered to only include counties in the State of ColoradoSource: Esri USA Census Counties Feature LayerInterstates:Description: Authoritative data from the Colorado Department of Transportation representing Highways Notes: Interstates are filtered by route sign from this CDOT Highways layer Source: Colorado Department of Transportation Highways REST EndpointU.S. Highways:Description: Authoritative data from the Colorado Department of Transportation representing Highways Notes: U.S. Highways are filtered by route sign from this CDOT Highways layer Source: Colorado Department of Transportation Highways REST EndpointState Highways:Description: Authoritative data from the Colorado Department of Transportation representing Highways Notes: State Highways are filtered by route sign from this CDOT Highways layer Source: Colorado Department of Transportation Highways REST EndpointMajor Roads:Description: Authoritative data from the Colorado Department of Transportation representing major roads Source: Colorado Department of Transportation Major Roads REST EndpointLocal Roads:Description: Authoritative data from the Colorado Department of Transportation representing local roads Source: Colorado Department of Transportation Local Roads REST EndpointRail Lines:Description: Authoritative data from the Colorado Department of Transportation representing rail lines Source: Colorado Department of Transportation Rail Lines REST EndpointCOTREX Trails:Description: “The Colorado Trail System, now titled the Colorado Trail Explorer (COTREX), endeavors to map every trail in the state of Colorado. Currently their are nearly 40,000 miles of trails mapped. Trails come from a variety of sources (USFS, BLM, local parks & recreation departments, local governments). Responsibility for accuracy of the data rests with the source.These data were last updated on 2/5/2019” Source: Colorado Parks and Wildlife CPW Admin Data Feature LayerNHD Waterbodies:Description: “The National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDplus) maps the lakes, ponds, streams, rivers and other surface waters of the United States. Created by the US EPA Office of Water and the US Geological Survey, the NHDPlus provides mean annual and monthly flow estimates for rivers and streams. Additional attributes provide connections between features facilitating complicated analyses.”Notes: This layer was filtered to only include waterbodies in the State of ColoradoSource: National Hydrography Dataset Plus Version 2.1 Feature LayerNHD Flowlines:Description: “The National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDplus) maps the lakes, ponds, streams, rivers and other surface waters of the United States. Created by the US EPA Office of Water and the US Geological Survey, the NHDPlus provides mean annual and monthly flow estimates for rivers and streams. Additional attributes provide connections between features facilitating complicated analyses.”Notes: This layer was filtered to only include flowline features in the State of ColoradoSource: National Hydrography Dataset Plus Version 2.1 Feature LayerState Parks:Description: “This data was created by the CPW GIS Unit. Property boundaries are created by dissolving CDOWParcels by the property name, and property type and appending State Park boundaries designated as having public access. All parcel data correspond to legal transactions made by the CPW Real Estate Unit. The boundaries of the CDOW Parcels were digitized using metes and bounds, BLM's GCDB dataset, the PLSS dataset (where the GCDB dataset was unavailable) and using existing digital data on the boundaries.” Notes: The state parks layer in this basemap is filtered from the CPW Managed Properties (public access only) layer from this feature layer Source: Colorado Parks and Wildlife CPW Admin Data Feature LayerDenver Parks:Description: "This dataset should be used as a reference to locate parks, golf courses, and recreation centers managed by the Department of Parks and Recreation in the City and County of Denver. Data is based on parcel ownership and does not include other areas maintained by the department such as medians and parkways. The data should be used for planning and design purposes and cartographic purposes only."Source: City and County of Denver Parks REST EndpointNational Wilderness Areas:Description: “A parcel of Forest Service land congressionally designated as wilderness such as National Wilderness Area.”Notes: This layer was filtered to only include National Wilderness Areas in the State of ColoradoSource: United States Department of Agriculture National Wilderness Areas REST EndpointNational Forests: Description: “A depiction of the boundaries encompassing the National Forest System (NFS) lands within the original proclaimed National Forests, along with subsequent Executive Orders, Proclamations, Public Laws, Public Land Orders, Secretary of Agriculture Orders, and Secretary of Interior Orders creating modifications thereto, along with lands added to the NFS which have taken on the status of 'reserved from the public domain' under the General Exchange Act. The following area types are included: National Forest, Experimental Area, Experimental Forest, Experimental Range, Land Utilization Project, National Grassland, Purchase Unit, and Special Management Area.”Notes: This layer was filtered to only include National Forests in the State of ColoradoSource: United States Department of Agriculture Original Proclaimed National Forests REST Endpoint

This metadata describes the stereocompiled building roofprints feature of DRCOG Denver Region Urbanized Project Area. The feature was compiled from the Denver Regional Aerial Photography Project (DRAPP) 2014 Aerial Imagery Acquisition and Production. This 1"=100' scale imagery is comprised of 4-band RGBIR color orthoimagery with a GSD (Ground Sample Distance) of 0.5'. Imagery was collected with the Leica ADS40 and ADS80 digital sensors and processed with Leica XPro software. Imagery is projected in State Plane Coordinate System, Colorado central zone using the Lambert Conformal Conic map projection parameters. Horizontal and vertical datums are NAD83(11) and NAVD88(GEOID12A) respectively.

Land area of Denver Public Schools locations. Updated for school year 2023-2024*Includes Public schools area outside the city boundary within 1000'

The map and descriptions offer information that may be used for: land-use planning (e.g. selecting land fill sites, greenbelts, avoiding geologic hazards), for finding aggregate resources (crushed rock, sand, and gravel), for study of geomorphology and Quaternary geology. Geologic hazards (e.g., landslides, swelling soils, heaving bedrock, and flooding) known to be located in, or characteristic of some mapped units, were identified.

Surficial deposits in the quadrangle partially record depositional events of the Quaternary Period (the most recent 1.8 million years). Some events such as floods are familiar to persons living in the area, while other recorded events are pre-historical. The latter include glaciation, probable large earthquakes, protracted drought, and widespread deposition of sand and silt by wind. At least twice in the past 200,000 years (most recently about 30,000 to 12,000 years ago) global cooling caused glaciers to form along the Continental Divide. The glaciers advanced down valleys in the Front Range, deeply eroded the bedrock, and deposited moraines (map units tbg, tbj) and outwash (ggq, gge). On the plains (east part of map), eolian sand (es), stabilized dune sand (ed), and loess (elb) are present and in places contain buried paleosols. These deposits indicate that periods of sand dune deposition alternated with periods of stabilized dunes and soil formation.

Thirty-nine types of surficial geologic deposits and residual materials of Quaternary age are described and mapped in the greater Denver area, in part of the Front Range, and in the piedmont and plains east of Denver, Boulder, and Castle Rock. Descriptions appear in the pamphlet that accompanies the map. Landslide deposits, colluvium, residuum, alluvium, and other deposits or materials are described in terms of predominant grain size, mineral or rock composition (e.g., gypsiferous, calcareous, granitic, andesitic), thickness of deposits, and other physical characteristics. Origins and ages of the deposits and geologic hazards related to them are noted. Many lines between geologic units on our map were placed by generalizing contacts on published maps. However, in 1997-1999 we mapped new boundaries, as well. The map was projected to the UTM projection. This large map area extends from the Continental Divide near Winter Park and Fairplay ( on the west edge), eastward about 107 mi (172 km); and extends from Boulder on the north edge to Woodland Park at the south edge (68 mi; 109 km).

Compilation scale: 1:250,000. Map is available in digital and print-on-demand paper formats. Deposits are described in terms of predominant grain size, mineralogic and lithologic composition, general thickness, and geologic hazards, if any, relevant geologic historical information and paleosoil information, if any. Thirty- nine map units of deposits include 5 alluvium types, 15 colluvia, 6 residua, 3 types of eolian deposits, 2 periglacial/disintegrated deposits, 3 tills, 2 landslide units, 2 glaciofluvial units, and 1 diamicton. An additional map unit depicts large areas of mostly bare bedrock.

The physical properties of the surficial materials were compiled from published soil and geologic maps and reports, our field observations, and from earth science journal articles. Selected deposits in the field were checked for conformity to descriptions of map units by the Quaternary geologist who compiled the surficial geologic map units.

FILES INCLUDED IN THIS DATA SET:

denvpoly: polygon coverage containing geologic unit contacts and labels. denvline: arc coverage containing faults. geol_sfo.lin: This lineset file defines geologic line types in the geologically themed coverages. geoscamp2.mrk: This markerset file defines the geologic markers in the geologically themed coverages. color524.shd: This shadeset file defines the cmyk values of colors assigned to polygons in the geologically themed coverages.

This metadata describes the stereocompiled paved driveways polygons feature of DRCOG Denver Region Urbanized Project Area. The feature was compiled from the Denver Regional Aerial Photography Project (DRAPP) 2014 Aerial Imagery Acquisition and Production. This 1"=100' scale imagery is comprised of 4-band RGBIR color orthoimagery with a GSD (Ground Sample Distance) of 0.5'. Imagery was collected with the Leica ADS40 and ADS80 digital sensors and processed with Leica XPro software. Imagery is projected in State Plane Coordinate System, Colorado central zone using the Lambert Conformal Conic map projection parameters. Horizontal and vertical datums are NAD83(11) and NAVD88(GEOID12A) respectively.

This is a comment on the preliminary Congressional Commission redistricting map. Along with providing feedback on that map, it offers a draft alternative that better meets the criteria of the Colorado Constitution. As background, I participated in redistricting initiatives in South Bend, Indiana, in the mid-1980s and for Indiana legislative seats after the 1990 census. I didn’t engage with redistricting during the rest of my 20-year military career. After retiring, and while serving as Public Trustee for El Paso County, I participated in redistricting efforts at the county and city level. I also stood for El Paso County Clerk in 2010. I have lived in Colorado since 2000. The draft alternative map is created using Dave’s Redistricting App (DRA) and can be found at https://davesredistricting.org/join/346f297c-71d1-4443-9110-b92e3362b105. I used DRA because it was more user-friendly in that it allows selection by precinct and by city or town, while the tool provided by the commission seems to allow only selection by census block (or larger clusters). The two tools also use slightly different population estimates, but this will be resolved when the 2020 data are released in August. These comments acknowledge that any map created using estimated populations will need to change to account for the actual census data.

Description of Draft Alternative

    My process started by

identifying large-scale geographic communities of interest within Colorado: the Western Slope/mountain areas, the Eastern Plains, Colorado Springs/El Paso County, the North Front Range, and Denver Metro. Two smaller geographic communities of interest are Pueblo and the San Luis Valley—neither is nearly large enough to sustain a district and both are somewhat distinct from their neighboring communities of interest. A choice thus must be made about which other communities of interest to group them with. El Paso County is within 0.3% of the optimal population, so it is set as District 5. The true Western Slope is not large enough to sustain a district, even with the obvious addition of Jackson County. Rather than including the San Luis Valley with the Western Slope, the preliminary commission map extends the Western Slope district to include all of Fremont County (even Canon City, Florence, and Penrose), Clear Creek County, and some of northern Boulder County. The draft alternative District 3 instead adds the San Luis Valley, the Upper Arkansas Valley (Lake and Chaffee Counties, and the western part of Fremont County), Park and Teller Counties, and Custer County. The draft alternative District 4 is based on the Eastern Plains. In the south, this includes the rest of Fremont County (including Canon City), Pueblo, and the Lower Arkansas Valley. In the north, this includes all of Weld County, retaining it as an intact political subdivision. This is nearly enough population to form a complete district; it is rounded out by including the easternmost portions of Adams and Arapahoe Counties. All of Elbert County is in this district; none of Douglas County is. The draft alternative District 2 is placed in the North Front Range and includes Larimer, Boulder, Gilpin, and Clear Creek Counties. This is nearly enough population to form a complete district, so it is rounded out by adding Evergreen and the rest of Coal Creek in Jefferson County. The City and County of Denver (and the Arapahoe County enclave municipalities of Glendale and Holly Hills) forms the basis of draft alternative District 1. This is a bit too large to form a district, so small areas are shaved off into neighboring districts: DIA (mostly for compactness), Indian Creek, and part of Marston. This leaves three districts to place in suburban Denver. The draft alternative keeps Douglas County intact, as well as the city of Aurora, except for the part that extends into Douglas County. The map prioritizes the county over the city as a political subdivision. Draft alternative District 6, anchored in Douglas County, extends north into Arapahoe County to include suburbs like Centennial, Littleton, Englewood, Greenwood Village, and Cherry Hills Village. This is not enough population, so the district extends west into southern Jefferson County to include Columbine, Ken Caryl, and Dakota Ridge. The northwestern edge of this district would run along Deer Creek Road, Pleasant Park Road, and Kennedy Gulch Road. Draft alternative District 8, anchored in Aurora, includes the rest of western Arapahoe County and extends north into Adams County to include Commerce City, Brighton (except the part in Weld County), Thornton, and North Washington. In the draft alternative, this district includes a sliver of Northglenn east of Stonehocker Park. While this likely would be resolved when final population totals are released, this division of Northglenn is the most notable division of a city within a single county other than the required division of Denver. Draft alternative District 7 encompasses what is left: The City and County of Broomfield; Westminster, in both Jefferson and Adams Counties; Federal Heights, Sherrelwood, Welby, Twin Lakes, Berkley, and almost all of Northglenn in western Adams County; and Lakewood, Arvada, Golden, Wheat Ridge, Morrison, Indian Hills, Aspen Park, Genesee, and Kittredge in northern Jefferson County. The border with District 2 through the communities in the western portion of Jefferson County would likely be adjusted after final population totals are released.

Comparison of Maps

Precise Population Equality
    The preliminary commission

map has exact population equality. The draft alternative map has a variation of 0.6% (4,239 persons). Given that the maps are based on population estimates, and that I left it at the precinct and municipality level, this aspect of the preliminary map is premature to pinpoint. Once final population data are released, either map would need to be adjusted. It would be simple to tweak district boundaries to achieve any desired level of equality. That said, such precision is a bit of a fallacy: errors in the census data likely exceed the 0.6% in the draft map, the census data will be a year out of date when received, and relative district populations will fluctuate over the next 10 years. Both the “good-faith effort†and “as practicable†language leave room for a bit of variance in service of other goals. The need to “justify any variance†does not mean “no variance will be allowed.†For example, it may be better to maintain unity in a community of interest or political subdivision rather than separate part of it for additional precision. The major sticking point here is likely to be El Paso County: given how close it seems to be to the optimal district size, will it be worth it to divide the county or one of its neighbors to achieve precision? The same question would be likely to apply among the municipalities in Metro Denver.

Contiguity
    The draft alternative map

meets this requirement. The preliminary commission map violates the spirit if not the actual language of this requirement. While its districts are connected by land, the only way to travel to all parts of preliminary Districts 3 and 4 without leaving the districts would be on foot. There is no road connection between the parts of Boulder County that are in District 3 and the rest of that district in Grand County without leaving the district and passing through District 2 in either Gilpin or Larimer Counties. There also is no road connection between some of the southwestern portions of Mineral County and the rest of District 4 without passing through Archuleta or Hinsdale Counties in District 3.

Voting Rights Act
    The preliminary staff

analysis assumes it would be possible to create a majority-minority district; they are correct, it can be done via a noncompact district running from the west side of Denver up to Commerce City and Brighton and down to parts of northeastern Denver and northern Aurora. Such a district would go against criteria for compactness, political subdivisions, and even other definitions of communities of interest. Staff asserts that the election of Democratic candidates in this area suffices for VRA. Appendix B is opaque regarding the actual non-White or Hispanic population in each district, but I presume that if they had created a majority-minority district they would have said so. In the draft alternative map, District 8 (Aurora, Commerce City, Brighton, and Thornton) has a 39.6% minority population and District 1 (Denver) has a 34.9% minority population. The proposals are similar in meeting this criterion.

Communities of Interest
    Staff presented a long list

of communities of interest. While keeping all of these intact would be ideal, drawing a map requires compromises based on geography and population. Many communities of interest overlap with each other, especially at their edges. This difficulty points to a reason to focus on existing subdivisions (county, city, and town boundaries): those boundaries are stable and overlap with shared public policy concerns. The preliminary commission map chooses to group the San Luis Valley, as far upstream as Del Norte and Creede, with Pueblo and the Eastern Plains rather than with the Western Slope/Mountains. To balance the population numbers, the preliminary commission map thus had to reach east in northern and central Colorado. The commission includes Canon City and Florence

This digital data release contains geospatial geologic and paleontological data of the 1° x2 °, 1:250,000 Limon quadrangle covering eastern Colorado and western Kansas. The dataset is a digital reproduction of previously published U.S. Geological Survey field mapping which illustrates the spatial configuration of primarily Quaternary surficial units overlying upper Miocene, Oligocene, Paleocene, and Upper Cretaceous bedrock (Sharps, 1980). This quadrangle contains numerous outcrop of the Ogallala Formation, which is a prolific freshwater aquifer throughout the broader great plains. A structure contour map of the top of the Dakota Sandstone are included, which was constructed using selected oil and gas well logs (Sharps, 1980). The Dakota Sandstone is a productive hydrocarbon reservoir within the Limon quadrangle, and the broader Denver-Julesburg Basin. Point data for Mesozoic invertebrate fossil collection localities are depicted on the map, depicted with either Denver or Washington D.C. U.S. Geological Survey catalog numbers (Sharps, 1980). The digital geologic database presented here is an accurate replication of original US. Geological Survey mapping in the Limon quadrangle (Sharps, 1980). Geologic map polygons, fossil points, faunal zones, and structure contours were digitized and attributed as GIS data sets as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s ongoing studies on a regional and national scale. The geologic map polygons, fossil point features, faunal zone lines, and structure contour lines are distributed as separate feature classes within a geographic information system geodatabase. Contoured elevation values are given in feet, to maintain consistency with the original publication, and in meters. Nonspatial tables define the data sources used, define terms used in the dataset, and describe the geologic units. A tabular data dictionary describes the entity and attribute information for all attributes of the geospatial data and the accompanying nonspatial tables.

A large format PDF map representing school districts in Weld County.

This metadata describes the stereocompiled paved sidewalks and paved trails polygons feature of DRCOG Denver Region Urbanized Project Area. The feature was compiled from the Denver Regional Aerial Photography Project (DRAPP) 2020 Aerial Imagery Acquisition and Production. This 1"=100' scale imagery is comprised of 4-band RGBIR color orthoimagery with a GSD (Ground Sample Distance) of 0.5'. Imagery was collected with the Leica ADS40 and ADS80 digital sensors and processed with Leica XPro software. Imagery is projected in State Plane Coordinate System, Colorado central zone using the Lambert Conformal Conic map projection parameters. Horizontal and vertical datums are NAD83(11) and NAVD88(GEOID12A) respectively.The layer has since been taken over for the Department of Transportation and Infrastructure to continue with updates.

A polygonal representation of the City and County of Denver's jurisdictional boundary. This datasets also includes all enclaves administered by other jurisdications that are located within the City and County of Denver's boundary.

This metadata describes this dataset which was formed by combining DRCOG’s Planimetrics 2014 Centerline Sidewalks data with the City and County of Denver’s inventory of sidewalks and landscape buffers from past curb and gutter inventories.DRCOG’s Planimetrics 2014 Centerline Sidewalks Data includes stereocompiled paved sidewalk and paved trail centerlines feature of DRCOG’s Denver Region Urbanized Project Area. The data was compiled from the Denver Regional Aerial Photography Project (DRAPP) 2016 Aerial Imagery Acquisition and Production. This 1"=100' scale imagery is comprised of 4-band RGBIR color orthoimagery with a GSD (Ground Sample Distance) of 0.5'. Imagery was collected with the Leica ADS40 and ADS80 digital sensors and processed with Leica XPro software. Imagery is projected in State Plane Coordinate System, Colorado central zone using the Lambert Conformal Conic map projection parameters. Horizontal and vertical datums are NAD83(11) and NAVD88(GEOID12A) respectively.The City and County of Denver’s curb and gutter inventory has been performed over multiple years and has collected information on sidewalk and landscape buffers where possible. The City also used a manual QA/QC process to verify sidewalk and landscape buffer widths on arterial streets. Collector and local street data was added using a script that converted DRCOG’s Planimetrics data to segment-level attribute data.

Boundaries as defined by ordinance for City and County of Denver Local Maintenance Districts. A Local Maintenance District (LMD) is formed when a group of neighbors, especially businesses, wish to upgrade the streetscape with special features like special pedestrian lights, benches, flowers, and other such amenities. Properties benefitting by the district pay special assessments to maintain these items. This map shows the boundaries that are defined by a legal description in the ordinance that creates each LMD. It is used by Development Review staff to advise developers about the existence of the LMD and the probability that they will be required to contribute to the annual assessment.NOTE: BENEFITED PROPERTIES, ALSO DEFINED BY ORDINANCE, ARE NOT MAPPED IN THIS LAYER!