Between 2023 and 2024, over sixteen percent of all those registered with type 2 diabetes in England were Asian or Asian British. This statistic displays the share of individuals registered with diabetes in England in 2023/24, by ethnicity.

Between 2022 and 2023, there were 32,276 young people with type 1 diabetes and 1,245 with type 2 across England and Wales. The most affected were the ones with white ethnicity. This statistic shows the share of young people under the age of 24, with type 1 and 2 diabetes in England and Wales from 2022 to 2023, by ethnicity.

The Health Survey for England is an annual survey of the health of the population. It has an annually repeating core accompanied by different topic modules each year. The focus of the 2004 report is on the health of minority ethnic groups with an emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD). The report also covers the behavioural risk factors associated with CVD such as drinking, smoking and eating habits and health status risk factors such as diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol. For children the emphasis is on respiratory health.

United Kingdom UK: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data was reported at 4.280 % in 2017. United Kingdom UK: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data is updated yearly, averaging 4.280 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2017, with 1 observations. United Kingdom UK: Diabetes Prevalence: % of Population Aged 20-79 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes.; ; International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas.; Weighted average;

This statistic shows the mean HbA1c measurement of children and young people in England and Wales from 2022 to 2023, by ethnicity. During this period, the mean HbA1c measurement of children from a black ethnic background was 69.9 mmol/mol.

Type 2 diabetes is a condition that affects the amount of sugar in a person’s bloodstream and causes it to become too high. This type of diabetes can be caused by risk factors such as obesity and inactivity and, as shown in this figure, type 2 diabetes is more common among older individuals. Between 2023 and 2024, of those registered with type 2 diabetes in England, 44.1 percent were aged between 40 and 64 years. Increasing prevalence of diabetes in England Between 2023 and 2024, there were over 3.5 million people in England who were registered as diabetics. The number of individuals registered with diabetes in England has increased year-on-year since 2008. The vast majority of those registered with diabetes in England are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, with over 3.5 million, while approximately 277 thousand living with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes medication By far the most used drug in England for the treatment of diabetes was metformin hydrochloride with over 24 million items used in 2022 alone. Additionally, already in 2018 approximately five percent of all prescribed drugs in primary care in England were for the treatment of diabetes. The share of prescribed diabetes drugs has steadily increased since 2005.

This is an overview of the treatment and demographics of 227,435 adults with type 1 diabetes. From 2019 to 2022 glucose control in people with type 1 diabetes in England and Wales improved while blood pressure control deteriorated. Use of diabetes technology (wearable glucose monitoring devices in England and insulin pumps in England and Wales) was associated with lower glucose levels. Diabetes technology was used less by those in the most deprived groups and in ethnic minorities. 30% of people with type 1 diabetes did not attend specialist care in 2021-22 and were less likely to receive annual checks or achieve treatment targets as recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). There are 3 recommendations for commissioners of care.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus affects over 3.9 million people in the United Kingdom (UK), with over 2.6 million people in England alone. More than 1 million people living with diabetes are acutely admitted to hospital due to complications of their illness every year. Cardiovascuar disease is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and remains a major cause of vision loss and blindness in those of working age. This dataset includes the national screening diabetic grade category (seven categories from R0M0 to R3M1) from the Birmingham, Solihull and Black Country DR screening program (a member of the National Health Service (NHS) Diabetic Eye Screening Programme) and the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust cardiac outcome data.

Geography: The West Midlands has a population of 5.9 million. The region includes a diverse ethnic, and socio-economic mix, with a higher than UK average of minority ethnic groups. It has a large number of elderly residents but is the youngest population in the UK. There are particularly high rates of diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, and smoking.

Data sources:
1. The Birmingham, Solihull and Black Country Data Set, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom. They manage over 200,000 diabetic patients, with longitudinal follow-up up to 15 years, making this the largest urban diabetic eye screening scheme in Europe. 2. The Electronic Health Records held at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust is one of the largest NHS Trusts in England, providing direct acute services and specialist care across four hospital sites, with 2.2 million patient episodes per year, 2750 beds and 100 ITU beds. UHB runs a fully electronic healthcare record for systemic disease.

Scope: All Birmingham, Solihull and Black Country diabetic eye screened participants who have been admitted to UHB with a cardiac related health concern from 2006 onwards. Longitudinal and individually linked with their diabetic eye care from primary screening data and secondary care hospital cardiac outcome data including • Demographic information (including age, sex and ethnicity) • Diabetes status • Diabetes type • Length of time since diagnosis of diabetes • Visual acuity • The national screening diabetic screening grade category (seven categories from R0M0 to R3M1) • Diabetic eye clinical features • Reason for sight and severe sight impairment • ICD-10 and SNOMED-CT codes pertaining to cardiac disease • Outcome

Website: https://www.retinalscreening.co.uk/

Diabetes mellitus affects over 3.9 million people in the UK, with over 2.6 million people in England alone. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and remains a major cause of vision loss and blindness in those of working age. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommendations are for annual screening using digital retinal photography for all patients with diabetes aged 12 years and over until such time as specialist surveillance or referral to Hospital Eye Services (HES) is required.

Birmingham, Solihull and Black Country DR screening program is a member of the National Health Service (NHS) Diabetic Eye Screening Programme. This dataset contains routine community annual longitudinal screening patient results of over 200000 patients with screening results per patient ranging from 1 year to 15 years. Key data included are: • Total number of patients screened and graded over a 15 year period. • Demographic information (including age, sex and ethnicity) • Diabetes status • Diabetes type • Length of time since diagnosis of diabetes • Visual acuity • The national screening diabetic screening grade category (seven categories from R0M0 to R3M1) • Diabetic eye clinical features • Reason for sight and severe sight impairment • Screening Outcome (digital surveillance and time; referral to HES)

Geography Birmingham, Solihull and Black Country is set within the West Midlands and has a population of circa 5.9million. The region includes a diverse ethnic, and socio-economic mix, with a higher than UK average of minority ethnic groups. It has a large number of elderly residents but is the youngest population in the UK. There are particularly high rates of diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, and smoking.

Data source: The Birmingham, Solihull and Black Country Data Set, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom. They manage over 200,000 patients, with longitudinal follow-up up to 15 years, making this the largest urban diabetic screening scheme in Europe.

Website: https://www.retinalscreening.co.uk/

Pathway: The Birmingham, Solihull and Black Country dataset is representative of the patient pathway for community screening and grading of diabetic eye disease. It covers standard UK Public Health England Diabetic Eye Screening requirements and will include patients receiving screening through the standard model, routine diabetic screening, surveillance and slit lamp examination.

Baseline characteristics of people with incident type 2 diabetes in 2006 or later with no prior statin use or ASCVD, by ethnicity (complete case analysis).

Background.

Diabetes mellitus affects over 3.9 million people in the United Kingdom (UK), with over 2.6 million people in England alone. Each year more than 1 million people with diabetes are acutely admitted to hospital due to complications of their illness. This includes Diabetic emergencies such as Diabetic Comas, Hypoglycaemia, Diabetic ketoacidosis, and Diabetic Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State. Diabetic emergency management is often not compliant with national guidelines, and there is a pressing need to improve patient care. This dataset includes 65,506 people and 168,706 spells, designed to support research which improves diabetic emergency and unplanned care.

Other causes for admission include diabetic ulcers, neuropathies, kidney disease and associated co-morbidities such as infection, cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular disease. This dataset includes acute all diabetic admissions to University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust from 2000 onwards refreshed to include new admissions as they occur.

PIONEER geography The West Midlands (WM) has a population of 5.9 million & includes a diverse ethnic & socio-economic mix.

EHR. UHB is one of the largest NHS Trusts in England, providing direct acute services & specialist care across four hospital sites, with 2.2 million patient episodes per year, 2750 beds & an expanded 250 ITU bed capacity during COVID. UHB runs a fully electronic healthcare record (EHR) (PICS; Birmingham Systems), a shared primary & secondary care record (Your Care Connected) & a patient portal “My Health”.

Scope: All patients admitted to hospital from year 2002 and onwards, curated to focus on Diabetes. Longitudinal & individually linked, so that the preceding & subsequent health journey can be mapped & healthcare utilisation prior to & after admission understood. The dataset includes highly granular patient demographics & co-morbidities taken from ICD-10 & SNOMED-CT codes. Serial, structured data pertaining to acute care process (timings, staff grades, specialty review, wards and triage). Along with presenting complaints, outpatients admissions, microbiology results, referrals, procedures, therapies, all physiology readings (pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturations and others), all blood results(urea, albumin, platelets, white blood cells and others). Includes all prescribed & administered treatments and all outcomes. Linked images are also available (radiographs, CT scans, MRI).

Available supplementary data: Matched controls; ambulance, OMOP data, synthetic data.

Available supplementary support: Analytics, Model build, validation & refinement; A.I.; Data partner support for ETL (extract, transform & load) process, Clinical expertise, Patient & end-user access, Purchaser access, Regulatory requirements, Data-driven trials, “fast screen” services.

This report presents findings on the health and health-related behaviours of the Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual (LGB) population in England. These are analysed by age, sex and ethnicity. The data are based on a representative sample of adults, aged 16 and over, who participated in the Health Survey for England from 2011–2018. 2% of adults surveyed in 2011-2018 identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) The Health Survey for England series was designed to monitor trends in the health, and health related behaviours, of adults and children in England.

The National Diabetes Transition Audit (NDTA) is a joint enterprise between the National Diabetes Audit (NDA) and the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit (NPDA). The NDA and NPDA datasets have been linked so that the care of young people with diabetes can be tracked during the transition from paediatric diabetes services to adult diabetes services. The audit measures against the National Service Framework and NICE Clinical Guidelines and Quality Standards. This, the first report, has been developed from the linked data sets and presents the key findings and recommendations on care processes and treatment target achievement rates from 2003-04 - 2014-15 in age groups of 12 - 24 years in England and Wales. Key Findings Annual Care Processes •KF1: Annual measurement of HbA1c decreases after transition. •KF2: Annual measurements of blood pressure and cholesterol remain similar, whereas kidney, foot, retinopathy and smoking check completion rates increase after transition. •KF3: The differences in care process completion pre and post transition do not appear to be influenced by gender, ethnicity, or living in a deprived area. •KF4: Pre-transition annual care process completion rates fall as age at transition increases, while post-transition completion rates increase as age at transition increases. A similar pattern is seen for duration of diabetes. •KF5: The least variation in care process completion rates was found where transition occurred between the age of 16 and 19 years. This may be because planned transition usually occurs during this time window. Planned movement from paediatric to adult care is less likely at younger and older ages. Treatment Targets (HbA1c) •KF6: The HbA1c target is more likely to be reached pre-transition compared to post-transition; the difference is greatest at younger ages. •KF7: The decrease in meeting the HbA1c target is not influenced by gender, ethnicity, or living in a deprived area. Risk Factors •KF8: For both cholesterol and blood pressure, the percentage of children achieving the targets are higher pre-transition compared to post-transition. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) •KF9: There are a higher number of DKA admissions post-transition. However, this maybe due to the fact that DKA rates increase with increasing duration of diabetes.

The characteristics of the type 2 diabetes mellitus adult population diagnosed before 2012 and with follow-up for the 5 years (n = 49,380).

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes mellitus, is a chronic disorder of glucose equilibrium that results from the body’s inability to make use of available insulin along with relative insulin deficiency. T2D constitutes approximately 90–95% of all diabetes cases around the world, while type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes make up the remaining 5–10% of cases. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and dietary habits are modifiable risk factors, and can therefore be controlled or prevented. Non-modifiable risk factors such as race/ethnicity, family history, and advancing age can also put a person at high risk for developing the disease. T2D is also associated with several comorbidities including chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Read More

The excel file contains unit, regional and national level data obtained from the 2014-15 National Paediatric Diabetes Audit.

Specifically, it includes information on patient characteristics, completion of health checks and outcomes achieved (as recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence) for infants, children and young people with type 1 diabetes, under the age of 25, who attended paediatric diabetes units in England and Wales between 1 April 2014 and the 31 March 2015.

Data are included for the seven key health checks:

• Glycated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

• Body Mass Index (BMI)

• Cholesterol

• Blood pressure

• Urinary albumin

• Foot examination

• Eye screening

Data on other health checks include:

• Psychological support

• Structured Education

• Screening for autoimmune disease (coeliac and thyroid disease)

Data on outcomes of care include:

• HbA1c target measurements

• Small vessel (microvascular) disease

• Large vessel (macrovascular) disease

• Autoimmune disease (coeliac and thyroid disease)

The data were first published in May 2016 alongside the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit Report 2014-15. Data suppressed due to small numbers (<5).

NB: Due to data corruption of ethnicity data submitted, this 2014-15 report does not include ethnicity data for patients in individual units for comparison across units regionally and nationally. Ethnicity has therefore not been used as a variable in the HbA1c case-mix adjustments.

For further information and details on the audit please refer to:

• Supporting documents (see below): link to National Paediatric Diabetes Audit Report 2014-15

• NPDA results online: http://npda-results.rcpch.ac.uk/default.aspx

• The RCPCH website: https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/work-we-do/quality-improvement-patient-safety/national-paediatrics-diabetes-audit

Anonymous data for experimental work to pilot a measure of cognitive change in ageing and gather data about cognitive problems experienced by typically-ageing adults, as part of exploratory work towards producing a diagnostic product for older adults experiencing cognitive change. Data were gathered through an online behavioural task platform (Gorilla) using cognitive tasks and standardised questionnaires (PHQ9, GAI, ESS, NAVQ, GPAQ) plus some non-standardised questions about the impact of perceived cognitive change. In this second experiment, we also collected information about diabetes status alongside ageing data, as this was anticipated to potentially impact on cognitive ageing in an interaction with age. Data files are included for all components. - Demographic data, including: equipment used to complete test; age; gender; ethnicity; work status; level of education; accommodation; marital or partnership status; people in household; reported health conditions; use of alcohol/cigarettes/non-prescribed drugs; diabetes status - Psychometric data - standardised questionnaire information: Patient Health Questionnaire 9; Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Near Activity Visual Questionnaire; Global Physical Activity Questionnaire; Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire - Cognitive task data - accuracy and reaction times to visual stimuli including cue type and response

Mixed effects model for disparities in prescribing.