95 datasets found
  1. Monthly Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1954-2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Jun 23, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Monthly Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1954-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/187616/effective-rate-of-us-federal-funds-monthly/
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 23, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jul 1954 - Jun 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The U.S. federal funds effective rate underwent a dramatic reduction in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate plummeted from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.65 percent in March, and further decreased to 0.05 percent in April. This sharp reduction, accompanied by the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program, was implemented to stabilize the economy during the global health crisis. After maintaining historically low rates for nearly two years, the Federal Reserve began a series of rate hikes in early 2022, with the rate moving from 0.33 percent in April 2022 to 5.33 percent in August 2023. The rate remained unchanged for over a year, before the Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut in nearly three years in September 2024, bringing the rate to 5.13 percent. By December 2024, the rate was cut to 4.48 percent, signaling a shift in monetary policy in the second half of 2024. In January 2025, the Federal Reserve implemented another cut, setting the rate at 4.33 percent, which remained unchanged throughout the following months. What is the federal funds effective rate? The U.S. federal funds effective rate determines the interest rate paid by depository institutions, such as banks and credit unions, that lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the effective rate in times of crisis is a common way to stimulate the economy, as it has a significant impact on the whole economy, such as economic growth, employment, and inflation. Central bank policy rates The adjustment of interest rates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a coordinated global effort. In early 2020, central banks worldwide implemented aggressive monetary easing policies to combat the economic crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's dramatic reduction of its federal funds rate - from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.05 percent by April - mirrored similar actions taken by central banks globally. While these low rates remained in place throughout 2021, mounting inflationary pressures led to a synchronized tightening cycle beginning in 2022, with central banks pushing rates to multi-year highs. By mid-2024, as inflation moderated across major economies, central banks began implementing their first rate cuts in several years, with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank all easing monetary policy.

  2. T

    United States Fed Funds Interest Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • ko.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Jul 2, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). United States Fed Funds Interest Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/interest-rate
    Explore at:
    xml, excel, json, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 2, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Aug 4, 1971 - Jun 18, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

  3. Annual Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1990-2024

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Jan 3, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Annual Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1990-2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/247941/federal-funds-rate-level-in-the-united-states/
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    Dataset updated
    Jan 3, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The U.S. federal funds rate peaked in 2023 at its highest level since the 2007-08 financial crisis, reaching 5.33 percent by December 2023. A significant shift in monetary policy occurred in the second half of 2024, with the Federal Reserve implementing regular rate cuts. By December 2024, the rate had declined to 4.48 percent. What is a central bank rate? The federal funds rate determines the cost of overnight borrowing between banks, allowing them to maintain necessary cash reserves and ensure financial system liquidity. When this rate rises, banks become more inclined to hold rather than lend money, reducing the money supply. While this decreased lending slows economic activity, it helps control inflation by limiting the circulation of money in the economy. Historic perspective The federal funds rate historically follows cyclical patterns, falling during recessions and gradually rising during economic recoveries. Some central banks, notably the European Central Bank, went beyond traditional monetary policy by implementing both aggressive asset purchases and negative interest rates.

  4. F

    15-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jul 3, 2025
    + more versions
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    (2025). 15-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MORTGAGE15US
    Explore at:
    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 3, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-requiredhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-required

    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    Graph and download economic data for 15-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States (MORTGAGE15US) from 1991-08-30 to 2025-07-03 about 15-year, fixed, mortgage, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

  5. Monthly inflation rate and Federal Reserve interest rate in the U.S....

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Jun 23, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Monthly inflation rate and Federal Reserve interest rate in the U.S. 2018-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1312060/us-inflation-rate-federal-reserve-interest-rate-monthly/
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 23, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jan 2018 - Mar 2024
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The inflation rate in the United States declined significantly between June 2022 and May 2025, despite rising inflationary pressures towards the end of 2024. The peak inflation rate was recorded in June 2022, at *** percent. In August 2023, the Federal Reserve's interest rate hit its highest level during the observed period, at **** percent, and remained unchanged until September 2024, when the Federal Reserve implemented its first rate cut since September 2021. By January 2025, the rate dropped to **** percent, signalling a shift in monetary policy. What is the Federal Reserve interest rate? The Federal Reserve interest rate, or the federal funds rate, is the rate at which banks and credit unions lend to and borrow from each other. It is one of the Federal Reserve's key tools for maintaining strong employment rates, stable prices, and reasonable interest rates. The rate is determined by the Federal Reserve and adjusted eight times a year, though it can be changed through emergency meetings during times of crisis. The Fed doesn't directly control the interest rate but sets a target rate. It then uses open market operations to influence rates toward this target. Ways of measuring inflation Inflation is typically measured using several methods, with the most common being the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI tracks the price of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, providing a measure of the price changes consumers face. At the end of 2023, the CPI in the United States was ****** percent, up from ****** a year earlier. A more business-focused measure is the producer price index (PPI), which represents the costs of firms.

  6. Central bank interest rates in the U.S. and Europe 2022-2023, with a...

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Jun 20, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Central bank interest rates in the U.S. and Europe 2022-2023, with a forecast to 2027 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1429525/policy-interest-rates-forecast-in-europe-and-us/
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 20, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    Policy interest rates in the U.S. and Europe are forecasted to decrease gradually between 2024 and 2027, following exceptional increases triggered by soaring inflation between 2021 and 2023. The U.S. federal funds rate stood at **** percent at the end of 2023, the European Central Bank deposit rate at **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate at **** percent. With inflationary pressures stabilizing, policy interest rates are forecast to decrease in each observed region. The U.S. federal funds rate is expected to decrease to *** percent, the ECB refi rate to **** percent, the Bank of England bank rate to **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate to **** percent by 2025. An interesting aspect to note is the impact of these interest rate changes on various economic factors such as growth, employment, and inflation. The impact of central bank policy rates The U.S. federal funds effective rate, crucial in determining the interest rate paid by depository institutions, experienced drastic changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The subsequent slight changes in the effective rate reflected the efforts to stimulate the economy and manage economic factors such as inflation. Such fluctuations in the federal funds rate have had a significant impact on the overall economy. The European Central Bank's decision to cut its fixed interest rate in June 2024 for the first time since 2016 marked a significant shift in attitude towards economic conditions. The reasons behind the fluctuations in the ECB's interest rate reflect its mandate to ensure price stability and manage inflation, shedding light on the complex interplay between interest rates and economic factors. Inflation and real interest rates The relationship between inflation and interest rates is critical in understanding the actions of central banks. Central banks' efforts to manage inflation through interest rate adjustments reveal the intricate balance between economic growth and inflation. Additionally, the concept of real interest rates, adjusted for inflation, provides valuable insights into the impact of inflation on the economy.

  7. F

    Bank Prime Loan Rate Changes: Historical Dates of Changes and Rates

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jan 8, 2025
    + more versions
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    (2025). Bank Prime Loan Rate Changes: Historical Dates of Changes and Rates [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PRIME
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    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jan 8, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domainhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domain

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for Bank Prime Loan Rate Changes: Historical Dates of Changes and Rates (PRIME) from 1955-08-04 to 2024-12-20 about prime, loans, interest rate, banks, interest, depository institutions, rate, and USA.

  8. T

    United States 30-Year Mortgage Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • pt.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Jul 3, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). United States 30-Year Mortgage Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/30-year-mortgage-rate
    Explore at:
    csv, json, xml, excelAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 3, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Apr 1, 1971 - Jul 3, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    30 Year Mortgage Rate in the United States decreased to 6.67 percent in July 3 from 6.77 percent in the previous week. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States 30 Year Mortgage Rate.

  9. F

    FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Median

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jun 18, 2025
    + more versions
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    (2025). FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Median [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FEDTARMD
    Explore at:
    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 18, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domainhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domain

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Median (FEDTARMD) from 2025 to 2027 about projection, federal, median, rate, and USA.

  10. F

    10-Year Real Interest Rate

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jun 11, 2025
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    (2025). 10-Year Real Interest Rate [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/REAINTRATREARAT10Y
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    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 11, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domainhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domain

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for 10-Year Real Interest Rate (REAINTRATREARAT10Y) from Jan 1982 to Jun 2025 about 10-year, interest rate, interest, real, rate, and USA.

  11. T

    United States MBA 30-Yr Mortgage Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • zh.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Jul 2, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). United States MBA 30-Yr Mortgage Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/mortgage-rate
    Explore at:
    xml, excel, json, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 2, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 5, 1990 - Jun 27, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    Fixed 30-year mortgage rates in the United States averaged 6.79 percent in the week ending June 27 of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States MBA 30-Yr Mortgage Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

  12. Size of Federal Reserve's balance sheet 2007-2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Jul 2, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Size of Federal Reserve's balance sheet 2007-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1121448/fed-balance-sheet-timeline/
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 2, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Aug 1, 2007 - Jun 25, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by June 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

  13. T

    Canada Interest Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • ko.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Jun 4, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). Canada Interest Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/canada/interest-rate
    Explore at:
    csv, xml, json, excelAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 4, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Feb 7, 1990 - Jun 4, 2025
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    The benchmark interest rate in Canada was last recorded at 2.75 percent. This dataset provides - Canada Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

  14. Inflation rate and central bank interest rate 2025, by selected countries

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Jul 2, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Inflation rate and central bank interest rate 2025, by selected countries [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1317878/inflation-rate-interest-rate-by-country/
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 2, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    May 2025
    Area covered
    Worldwide
    Description

    In May 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In early 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 20 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at -0.1 percent in May 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 9.9 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

  15. T

    Mexico Interest Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • fr.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Jun 26, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). Mexico Interest Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/mexico/interest-rate
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    excel, json, csv, xmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 26, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Oct 14, 2005 - Jun 26, 2025
    Area covered
    Mexico
    Description

    The benchmark interest rate in Mexico was last recorded at 8 percent. This dataset provides - Mexico Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

  16. T

    Sweden Interest Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • pt.tradingeconomics.com
    • +12more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated May 8, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). Sweden Interest Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/sweden/interest-rate
    Explore at:
    csv, excel, xml, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    May 8, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    May 26, 1994 - Jun 18, 2025
    Area covered
    Sweden
    Description

    The benchmark interest rate in Sweden was last recorded at 2 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Sweden Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

  17. F

    Data from: Personal Saving Rate

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jun 27, 2025
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    (2025). Personal Saving Rate [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PSAVERT
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    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 27, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domainhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domain

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for Personal Saving Rate (PSAVERT) from Jan 1959 to May 2025 about savings, personal, rate, and USA.

  18. F

    30-Year Fixed Rate FHA Mortgage Index

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jul 3, 2025
    + more versions
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    (2025). 30-Year Fixed Rate FHA Mortgage Index [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/OBMMIFHA30YF
    Explore at:
    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 3, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-requiredhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-required

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for 30-Year Fixed Rate FHA Mortgage Index (OBMMIFHA30YF) from 2017-01-03 to 2025-07-02 about FHA, 30-year, fixed, mortgage, rate, indexes, and USA.

  19. Quarterly mortgage interest rate in the U.S. 2019-2024, by mortgage type

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Jun 20, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Quarterly mortgage interest rate in the U.S. 2019-2024, by mortgage type [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/500056/quarterly-mortgage-intererst-rates-by-mortgage-type-usa/
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Jun 20, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    In the United States, interest rates for all mortgage types started to increase in 2021. This was due to the Federal Reserve introducing a series of hikes in the federal funds rate to contain the rising inflation. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the 30-year fixed rate rose slightly, to **** percent. Despite the increase, the rate remained below the peak of **** percent in the same quarter a year ago. Why have U.S. home sales decreased? Cheaper mortgages normally encourage consumers to buy homes, while higher borrowing costs have the opposite effect. As interest rates increased in 2022, the number of existing homes sold plummeted. Soaring house prices over the past 10 years have further affected housing affordability. Between 2013 and 2023, the median price of an existing single-family home risen by about ** percent. On the other hand, the median weekly earnings have risen much slower. Comparing mortgage terms and rates Between 2008 and 2023, the average rate on a 15-year fixed-rate mortgage in the United States stood between **** and **** percent. Over the same period, a 30-year mortgage term averaged a fixed-rate of between **** and **** percent. Rates on 15-year loan terms are lower to encourage a quicker repayment, which helps to improve a homeowner’s equity.

  20. F

    Overnight Bank Funding Rate

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jul 3, 2025
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    (2025). Overnight Bank Funding Rate [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/OBFR
    Explore at:
    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 3, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-requiredhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-required

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for Overnight Bank Funding Rate (OBFR) from 2016-03-01 to 2025-07-02 about ibf, overnight, percentile, banks, depository institutions, rate, and USA.

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Statista (2025). Monthly Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1954-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/187616/effective-rate-of-us-federal-funds-monthly/
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Monthly Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1954-2025

Explore at:
4 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
Dataset updated
Jun 23, 2025
Dataset authored and provided by
Statistahttp://statista.com/
Time period covered
Jul 1954 - Jun 2025
Area covered
United States
Description

The U.S. federal funds effective rate underwent a dramatic reduction in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate plummeted from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.65 percent in March, and further decreased to 0.05 percent in April. This sharp reduction, accompanied by the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program, was implemented to stabilize the economy during the global health crisis. After maintaining historically low rates for nearly two years, the Federal Reserve began a series of rate hikes in early 2022, with the rate moving from 0.33 percent in April 2022 to 5.33 percent in August 2023. The rate remained unchanged for over a year, before the Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut in nearly three years in September 2024, bringing the rate to 5.13 percent. By December 2024, the rate was cut to 4.48 percent, signaling a shift in monetary policy in the second half of 2024. In January 2025, the Federal Reserve implemented another cut, setting the rate at 4.33 percent, which remained unchanged throughout the following months. What is the federal funds effective rate? The U.S. federal funds effective rate determines the interest rate paid by depository institutions, such as banks and credit unions, that lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the effective rate in times of crisis is a common way to stimulate the economy, as it has a significant impact on the whole economy, such as economic growth, employment, and inflation. Central bank policy rates The adjustment of interest rates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a coordinated global effort. In early 2020, central banks worldwide implemented aggressive monetary easing policies to combat the economic crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's dramatic reduction of its federal funds rate - from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.05 percent by April - mirrored similar actions taken by central banks globally. While these low rates remained in place throughout 2021, mounting inflationary pressures led to a synchronized tightening cycle beginning in 2022, with central banks pushing rates to multi-year highs. By mid-2024, as inflation moderated across major economies, central banks began implementing their first rate cuts in several years, with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank all easing monetary policy.

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