GIS Data Collector Market Outlook

The global GIS Data Collector market size is anticipated to grow from USD 4.5 billion in 2023 to approximately USD 12.3 billion by 2032, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.6%. The growth of this market is largely driven by the increasing adoption of GIS technology across various industries, advances in technology, and the need for effective spatial data management.

An important factor contributing to the growth of the GIS Data Collector market is the rising demand for geospatial information across different sectors such as agriculture, construction, and transportation. The integration of advanced technologies like IoT and AI with GIS systems enables the collection and analysis of real-time data, which is crucial for effective decision-making. The increasing awareness about the benefits of GIS technology and the growing need for efficient land management are also fuelling market growth.

The government sector plays a significant role in the expansion of the GIS Data Collector market. Governments worldwide are investing heavily in GIS technology for urban planning, disaster management, and environmental monitoring. These investments are driven by the need for accurate and timely spatial data to address critical issues such as climate change, urbanization, and resource management. Moreover, regulatory policies mandating the use of GIS technology for infrastructure development and environmental conservation are further propelling market growth.

Another major growth factor in the GIS Data Collector market is the continuous technological advancements in GIS software and hardware. The development of user-friendly and cost-effective GIS solutions has made it easier for organizations to adopt and integrate GIS technology into their operations. Additionally, the proliferation of mobile GIS applications has enabled field data collection in remote areas, thus expanding the scope of GIS technology. The advent of cloud computing has further revolutionized the GIS market by offering scalable and flexible solutions for spatial data management.

Regionally, North America holds the largest share of the GIS Data Collector market, driven by the presence of key market players, advanced technological infrastructure, and high adoption rates of GIS technology across various industries. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, primarily due to rapid urbanization, government initiatives promoting GIS adoption, and increasing investments in smart city projects. Other regions such as Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa are also experiencing significant growth in the GIS Data Collector market, thanks to increasing awareness and adoption of GIS technology.

The role of a GPS Field Controller is becoming increasingly pivotal in the GIS Data Collector market. These devices are essential for ensuring that data collected in the field is accurate and reliable. By providing real-time positioning data, GPS Field Controllers enable precise mapping and spatial analysis, which are critical for applications such as urban planning, agriculture, and transportation. The integration of GPS technology with GIS systems allows for seamless data synchronization and enhances the efficiency of data collection processes. As the demand for real-time spatial data continues to grow, the importance of GPS Field Controllers in the GIS ecosystem is expected to rise, driving further innovations and advancements in this segment.

Component Analysis

The GIS Data Collector market is segmented by component into hardware, software, and services. Each of these components plays a crucial role in the overall functionality and effectiveness of GIS systems. The hardware segment includes devices such as GPS units, laser rangefinders, and mobile GIS devices used for field data collection. The software segment encompasses various GIS applications and platforms used for data analysis, mapping, and visualization. The services segment includes consulting, training, maintenance, and support services provided by GIS vendors and solution providers.

In the hardware segment, the demand for advanced GPS units and mobile GIS devices is increasing, driven by the need for accurate and real-time spatial data collection. These devices are equipped with high-precision sensors and advanced features such as real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning, which enhance

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Geographic Information System Analytics Market Size 2024-2028

The geographic information system analytics market size is forecast to increase by USD 12 billion at a CAGR of 12.41% between 2023 and 2028.

The GIS Analytics Market analysis is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing need for efficient land management and emerging methods in data collection and generation. The defense industry's reliance on geospatial technology for situational awareness and real-time location monitoring is a major factor fueling market expansion. Additionally, the oil and gas industry's adoption of GIS for resource exploration and management is a key trend. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and smart city initiatives are also contributing to market growth, as they require multiple layered maps for effective planning and implementation. The Internet of Things (IoT) and Software as a Service (SaaS) are transforming GIS analytics by enabling real-time data processing and analysis.
Augmented reality is another emerging trend, as it enhances the user experience and provides valuable insights through visual overlays. Overall, heavy investments are required for setting up GIS stations and accessing data sources, making this a promising market for technology innovators and investors alike.

What will be the Size of the GIS Analytics Market during the forecast period?

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The geographic information system analytics market encompasses various industries, including government sectors, agriculture, and infrastructure development. Smart city projects, building information modeling, and infrastructure development are key areas driving market growth. Spatial data plays a crucial role in sectors such as transportation, mining, and oil and gas. Cloud technology is transforming GIS analytics by enabling real-time data access and analysis. Startups are disrupting traditional GIS markets with innovative location-based services and smart city planning solutions. Infrastructure development in sectors like construction and green buildings relies on modern GIS solutions for efficient planning and management. Smart utilities and telematics navigation are also leveraging GIS analytics for improved operational efficiency.
GIS technology is essential for zoning and land use management, enabling data-driven decision-making. Smart public works and urban planning projects utilize mapping and geospatial technology for effective implementation. Surveying is another sector that benefits from advanced GIS solutions. Overall, the GIS analytics market is evolving, with a focus on providing actionable insights to businesses and organizations.

How is this Geographic Information System Analytics Industry segmented?

The geographic information system analytics industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

End-user

  Retail and Real Estate
  Government
  Utilities
  Telecom
  Manufacturing and Automotive
  Agriculture
  Construction
  Mining
  Transportation
  Healthcare
  Defense and Intelligence
  Energy
  Education and Research
  BFSI


Components

  Software
  Services


Deployment Modes

  On-Premises
  Cloud-Based


Applications

  Urban and Regional Planning
  Disaster Management
  Environmental Monitoring Asset Management
  Surveying and Mapping
  Location-Based Services
  Geospatial Business Intelligence
  Natural Resource Management


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    South Korea


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World

By End-user Insights

The retail and real estate segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The GIS analytics market analysis is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing demand for advanced technologies in various industries. In the retail sector, for instance, retailers are utilizing GIS analytics to gain a competitive edge by analyzing customer demographics and buying patterns through real-time location monitoring and multiple layered maps. The retail industry's success relies heavily on these insights for effective marketing strategies. Moreover, the defense industries are integrating GIS analytics into their operations for infrastructure development, permitting, and public safety. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and 4D GIS software are increasingly being adopted for construction project workflows, while urban planning and designing require geospatial data for smart city planning and site selection.

The oil and gas industry is leveraging satellite imaging and IoT devices for land acquisition and mining operations. In the public sector,

Software Geographic Information Systems Market Outlook

As of 2023, the Software Geographic Information Systems (GIS) market size was valued at approximately USD 9.1 billion and is projected to reach around USD 18.6 billion by 2032, reflecting a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.5%. This remarkable growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for spatial data across various industries, coupled with the advancement in geospatial technologies. The growing integration of GIS with mainstream business operations for better decision-making and the surge in urbanization and smart city initiatives are significant factors propelling the market forward. The continuous evolution in software capabilities, including enhanced data visualization and integration capabilities, further contributes to the rising adoption of GIS solutions worldwide.

One of the pivotal growth drivers of the Software GIS market is the expanding requirement for spatial data and analytics to enhance operational efficiency across multiple industry verticals. Industries such as urban planning, transportation, agriculture, and natural resources management are increasingly relying on GIS solutions for data-driven decision-making. The ability of GIS to provide real-time, location-based insights is revolutionizing how businesses plan, manage resources, and optimize their operations. Moreover, the rapid digitization and adoption of IoT (Internet of Things) technologies are also bolstering the demand for GIS software, as businesses seek to leverage interconnected devices for better data collection and analysis. The integration of GIS with IoT platforms allows for more comprehensive and precise spatial insights, thus driving market growth.

Another significant factor contributing to the growth of the Software GIS market is the advancement in cloud computing technologies. The shift from traditional on-premises deployment to cloud-based GIS solutions is gaining traction due to the numerous advantages offered by the cloud. Cloud-based GIS provides enhanced scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, making it an attractive option for businesses of all sizes. Additionally, cloud solutions facilitate easier collaboration and data sharing among different stakeholders, fostering a more integrated approach to spatial data management. The growing investment in cloud infrastructure by major players in the technology sector further supports the widespread adoption of cloud-based GIS solutions, enabling businesses to harness the power of spatial data in a more efficient and streamlined manner.

Furthermore, the increasing emphasis on environmental conservation and sustainable development is driving the demand for GIS applications in environmental monitoring and management. GIS software is extensively used for mapping and analyzing environmental data, helping organizations to monitor changes in land use, assess natural resource availability, and evaluate the impact of human activities on the environment. As governments and organizations worldwide strive to meet sustainability goals and address climate change challenges, GIS solutions are becoming indispensable tools for informed decision-making and strategic planning. The integration of GIS with emerging technologies such as AI and machine learning is also enhancing the capabilities of these systems, enabling more sophisticated analysis and predictive modeling.

The application of GIS in Transportation is becoming increasingly significant as the demand for efficient and sustainable transport systems grows. GIS technology enables transportation planners and operators to analyze spatial data in real-time, optimizing route planning and improving logistics operations. By integrating GIS with technologies like GPS and telematics, transportation systems can provide more accurate and timely information, enhancing decision-making processes. This integration is crucial for managing transportation networks effectively, reducing costs, and improving service delivery. As urban areas continue to expand and the need for smart transportation solutions rises, GIS in Transportation is expected to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of mobility.

Component Analysis

The Software segment of the GIS market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the continuous innovation and development of advanced GIS software solutions. Software providers are focusing on enhancing the functionality and usability of their products, incorporating features such as 3D visualization, real-time data process

The data release for the geology of Payette National Forest and vicinity, west-central Idaho, is a Geologic Map Schema (GeMS)-compliant version that updates the GIS files for the geologic map published in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper 1666 (Lund, 2004). The updated digital data present the attribute tables and geospatial features (points, lines and polygons) in the format that meets GeMS requirements. This data release presents the geologic map as shown on the plates and captured in geospatial data for published Professional Paper 1666. Minor errors, such as mistakes in line decoration or differences between the digital data and the map image, are corrected in this version. The database represents the geology for the 2.3 million-acre, geologically complex Payette National Forest in two plates, at a publication scale of 1:100,000. The map covers primarily Adams, Idaho, Valley, and Washington Counties, but also includes minor parts of Gem, Custer, and Lemhi Counties. New geologic mapping was undertaken between 1991 and 2003 and synthesized with older published maps, providing significant stratigraphic and structural data, age data for intrusive rocks, and interpretations of geologic development. These GIS data supersede those in the interpretive report: Lund, K., 2004, Geology of the Payette National Forest and vicinity, west-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1666, 89 p., 2 plates, scale 1:100,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1666.

The Geographic Information System (GIS) industry is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.80% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by increasing adoption across diverse sectors, including agriculture, utilities, mining, construction, transportation, and oil and gas. The rising need for precise location-based data for efficient operations, optimized resource management, and informed decision-making fuels this market growth. Advancements in hardware, such as high-resolution sensors and drones, coupled with sophisticated software capabilities like advanced spatial analytics and cloud-based GIS solutions, are key contributors. Furthermore, the proliferation of location-based services (LBS) and the growing adoption of telematics and navigation systems are expanding the applications of GIS technology. While data security concerns and the need for skilled professionals present some challenges, the overall market outlook remains positive. The segmentation of the GIS market reveals a strong demand across various components (hardware and software) and functionalities (mapping, surveying, telematics and navigation, and location-based services). North America currently holds a significant market share due to early adoption and technological advancements, but regions like Asia are exhibiting rapid growth fueled by infrastructure development and increasing digitalization. Leading companies like Bentley Systems, Esri, Trimble, and Hexagon AB are at the forefront of innovation, continuously developing and implementing advanced GIS solutions to meet the evolving needs of different industries. The forecast for the next decade points to further market consolidation, with leading players investing heavily in research and development to enhance their product offerings and expand their market reach. The continued integration of GIS with other technologies such as AI and IoT will further drive market expansion and create new opportunities for growth. Comprehensive Coverage GIS Industry Report (2019-2033) This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Geographic Information System (GIS) industry, projecting robust growth from $XXX million in 2025 to $YYY million by 2033. The study covers the historical period (2019-2024), base year (2025), and forecast period (2025-2033), offering invaluable insights for businesses, investors, and policymakers. Keywords: GIS market, GIS software, GIS hardware, GIS solutions, geospatial technology, location intelligence, mapping software, surveying equipment, spatial analysis, geospatial analytics. Recent developments include: November 2022 : The new Geodata Portal and broadband maps for the state will be accessible starting on November 18, 2022, according to a statement from the Connecticut Office of Policy and Management (OPM). This announcement was made on GIS Day 2022, which encourages people to learn about geography and the practical uses of GIS that can improve society., November 2022 : The lt. governor of the Indian state, Jammu and Kashmir, launched a GIS-based system in the region. It highlights the significance of GIS technology in addressing new challenges and exploring new opportunities and its real-world applications, accelerating growth in business, government, and society.. Key drivers for this market are: Growing role of GIS in smart cities ecosystem, Integration of location-based mapping systems with business intelligence systems. Potential restraints include: Integration issues with traditional systems, Data quality and accuracy issues. Notable trends are: The Rising Smart Cities Development and Urban Planning to Drive the Market Growth.

GapMaps Live is an easy-to-use location intelligence platform available across 25 countries globally that allows you to visualise your own store data, combined with the latest demographic, economic and population movement intel right down to the micro level so you can make faster, smarter and surer decisions when planning your network growth strategy.

With one single login, you can access the latest estimates on resident and worker populations, census metrics (eg. age, income, ethnicity), consuming class, retail spend insights and point-of-interest data across a range of categories including fast food, cafe, fitness, supermarket/grocery and more.

Some of the world's biggest brands including McDonalds, Subway, Burger King, Anytime Fitness and Dominos use GapMaps Live as a vital strategic tool where business success relies on up-to-date, easy to understand, location intel that can power business case validation and drive rapid decision making.

Primary Use Cases for GapMaps Live includes:

1. Retail Site Selection - Identify optimal locations for future expansion and benchmark performance across existing locations.
2. Customer Profiling: get a detailed understanding of the demographic profile of your customers and where to find more of them.
3. Analyse your catchment areas at a granular grid levels using all the key metrics
4. Target Marketing: Develop effective marketing strategies to acquire more customers.
5. Marketing / Advertising (Billboards/OOH, Marketing Agencies, Indoor Screens)
6. Customer Profiling
7. Target Marketing
8. Market Share Analysis

Some of features our clients love about GapMaps Live include: - View business locations, competitor locations, demographic, economic and social data around your business or selected location - Understand consumer visitation patterns (“where from” and “where to”), frequency of visits, dwell time of visits, profiles of consumers and much more. - Save searched locations and drop pins - Turn on/off all location listings by category - View and filter data by metadata tags, for example hours of operation, contact details, services provided - Combine public data in GapMaps with views of private data Layers - View data in layers to understand impact of different data Sources - Share maps with teams - Generate demographic reports and comparative analyses on different locations based on drive time, walk time or radius. - Access multiple countries and brands with a single logon - Access multiple brands under a parent login - Capture field data such as photos, notes and documents using GapMaps Connect and integrate with GapMaps Live to get detailed insights on existing and proposed store locations.

GIS Software Market Outlook

The global Geographic Information System (GIS) software market size is projected to witness substantial growth over the forecast period, with a notable CAGR of 11.2% from 2024 to 2032. In 2023, the market size was valued at approximately USD 9.1 billion and is expected to reach around USD 23.5 billion by 2032. This growth trajectory is primarily driven by the increasing integration of GIS across various industries, advancements in spatial data analysis technologies, and heightened demand for location-based services. The rising need for urban planning and smart city projects also significantly contributes to the market's expansion, alongside growing investments in infrastructure development across the globe.

Several key factors underpin the robust growth of the GIS software market. Firstly, the surge in demand for spatial data analytics is transforming decision-making processes across sectors such as agriculture, construction, and transportation. GIS software enables organizations to visualize, analyze, and interpret data to understand spatial relationships, patterns, and trends. This capability is crucial for efficient resource management, strategic planning, and effective deployment of assets. Furthermore, the integration of GIS with artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies enhances predictive analytics, enabling more precise forecasting and decision-making, which drives further adoption in both private and public sectors.

Secondly, the expansion of smart city initiatives worldwide is propelling the demand for GIS software. As urban areas continue to grow, there is an increasing need for sophisticated tools that can aid in planning and managing complex infrastructural developments. GIS software plays a pivotal role in urban planning by providing detailed visualization and analysis of spatial data, thereby aiding in effective decision-making concerning transportation, utilities, land use, and environmental management. This is further bolstered by government initiatives aimed at improving urban infrastructure and sustainability, thus contributing significantly to market growth.

Additionally, the growing adoption of location-based services across various industries is another major driver for the GIS software market. These services leverage GIS technology to provide real-time data and analytics, which are essential for navigation, asset tracking, and location-based marketing. The transportation and logistics sectors, in particular, are extensively utilizing GIS for route optimization, fleet management, and logistics planning. Moreover, the proliferation of smartphones and mobile applications has accelerated the demand for these services, further spurring the growth of the GIS software market.

The regional outlook for the GIS software market highlights a varied growth trajectory across different geographies. North America currently holds a significant market share due to the presence of major GIS software vendors and early adoption of advanced technologies. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period. The rapid urbanization, infrastructure development, and increasing investments in smart city projects in countries like China and India are key factors driving the market in this region. Europe also shows promising growth prospects, particularly with the European Union's emphasis on sustainable development and environmental management, which necessitates the use of GIS technology.

Component Analysis

The GIS software market segmentation by component includes both software and services. The software segment is anticipated to hold the largest market share, driven by the increasing adoption of advanced software solutions that offer comprehensive tools for data analysis, mapping, and visualization. Software platforms that integrate GIS with cloud computing, IoT, and AI are seeing heightened demand as they provide more robust, scalable, and efficient solutions for complex spatial data analysis. Companies are continuously innovating to enhance the functionalities of GIS software, which is further propelling the growth of this segment.

Within the software segment, desktop GIS applications continue to dominate due to their widespread use in detailed data analysis and map creation. However, WebGIS and mobile GIS applications are rapidly gaining traction owing to their accessibility and convenience, allowing users to analyze spatial data from anywhere and at any time. This shift is largely attributed to the growing need for real-time data access and the integration

Geographic Information System (GIS) Market Outlook

The Geographic Information System (GIS) market is witnessing robust growth with its global market size projected to reach USD 25.7 billion by 2032, up from USD 8.7 billion in 2023, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.4% during the forecast period. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing integration of GIS technology across various industries to improve spatial data visualization, enhance decision-making, and optimize operations. The benefits offered by GIS in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness are convincing more sectors to adopt these systems, thereby expanding the market size significantly.

A major growth factor contributing to the GIS market expansion is the escalating demand for location-based services. As businesses across different sectors recognize the importance of spatial data analytics in driving strategic decisions, the reliance on GIS applications is becoming increasingly pronounced. The rise in IoT devices, coupled with the enhanced capabilities of AI and machine learning, has further fueled the demand for GIS solutions. These technologies enable the processing and analysis of large volumes of spatial data, thereby providing valuable insights that businesses can leverage for competitive advantage. In addition, government initiatives promoting the adoption of digital infrastructure and smart city projects are playing a crucial role in the growth of the GIS market.

The advancement in satellite imaging and remote sensing technologies is another key driver of the GIS market growth. With enhanced satellite capabilities, the precision and quality of geospatial data have significantly improved, making GIS applications more reliable and effective. The availability of high-resolution satellite imagery has opened new avenues in various sectors including agriculture, urban planning, and disaster management. Moreover, the decreasing costs of satellite data acquisition and the proliferation of drone technology are making GIS more accessible to small and medium enterprises, further expanding the market potential.

The advent of 3D Geospatial Technologies is revolutionizing the way industries utilize GIS data. By providing a three-dimensional perspective, these technologies enhance spatial analysis and visualization, offering more detailed and accurate representations of geographical areas. This advancement is particularly beneficial in urban planning, where 3D models can simulate cityscapes and infrastructure, allowing planners to visualize potential developments and assess their impact on the environment. Moreover, 3D geospatial data is proving invaluable in sectors such as construction and real estate, where it aids in site analysis and project planning. As these technologies continue to evolve, they are expected to play a pivotal role in the future of GIS, expanding its applications and driving further market growth.

Furthermore, the increasing application of GIS in environmental monitoring and management is bolstering market growth. With growing concerns over climate change and environmental degradation, GIS is being extensively used for resource management, biodiversity conservation, and natural disaster risk management. This trend is expected to continue as more organizations and governments prioritize sustainability, thereby driving the demand for advanced GIS solutions. The integration of GIS with other technologies such as big data analytics, and cloud computing is also expected to enhance its capabilities, making it an indispensable tool for environmental management.

Regionally, North America is currently leading the GIS market, driven by the widespread adoption of advanced technologies and the presence of major GIS vendors. The regionÂ’s focus on infrastructure development and smart city projects is further propelling the market growth. Europe is also witnessing significant growth owing to the increasing adoption of GIS in various industries such as agriculture and transportation. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to exhibit the highest CAGR during the forecast period, attributed to rapid urbanization, government initiatives for digital transformation, and increasing investments in infrastructure development. In contrast, the markets in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are growing steadily as these regions continue to explore and adopt GIS technologies.

<a href="https://dataintelo.com/report/geospatial-data-fusion-market" target="_blank&quo

The arrival of ArcGIS Pro has brought a challenge to ArcMap users. The new software is sufficiently different in architecture and layout that switching from the old to the new is not a simple process. In some ways, Pro is harder to learn for ArcMap users than for new GIS users, because some workflows have to be unlearned, or at least heavily modified. Current ArcMap users are pressed for time, trying to learn the new software while still completing their daily tasks, so a book that teaches Pro from the start is not an efficient method.Switching to ArcGIS Pro from ArcMap aims to quickly transition ArcMap users to ArcGIS Pro. Rather than teaching Pro from the start, as for a novice user, this book focuses on how Pro is different from ArcMap. Covering the most common and important workflows required for most GIS work, it leverages the user’s prior experience to enable a more rapid adjustment to Pro.AUDIENCEProfessional and scholarly; College/higher education; General/trade.AUTHOR BIOMaribeth H. Price, PhD, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, has been using Esri products since 1991, teaching college GIS since 1995 and writing textbooks utilizing Esri’s software since 2001. She has extensive familiarity with both ArcMap/ArcCatalog and Pro, both as a user and in the classroom, as well as long experience writing about GIS concepts and developing software tutorials. She teaches GIS workshops, having offered more than 100 workshops to over 1,200 participants since 2000.Pub Date: Print: 2/14/2019 Digital: 1/28/2019 Format: PaperbackISBN: Print: 9781589485440 Digital: 9781589485457 Trim: 8 x 10 in.Price: Print: $49.99 USD Digital: $49.99 USD Pages: 172Table of ContentsPreface1 Contemplating the switch to ArcGIS ProBackgroundSystem requirementsLicensingCapabilities of ArcGIS ProWhen should I switch?Time to exploreObjective 1.1: Downloading the data for these exercisesObjective 1.2: Starting ArcGIS Pro, signing in, creating a project, and exploring the interfaceObjective 1.3: Accessing maps and data from ArcGIS OnlineObjective 1.4: Arranging the windows and panesObjective 1.5: Accessing the helpObjective 1.6: Importing a map document2 Unpacking the GUIBackgroundThe ribbon and tabsPanesViewsTime to exploreObjective 2.1: Getting familiar with the Contents paneObjective 2.2: Learning to work with objects and tabsObjective 2.3: Exploring the Catalog pane3 The projectBackgroundWhat is a project?Items stored in a projectPaths in projectsRenaming projectsTime to exploreObjective 3.1: Exploring different elements of a projectObjective 3.2: Accessing properties of projects, maps, and other items4 Navigating and exploring mapsBackgroundExploring maps2D and 3D navigationTime to exploreObjective 4.1: Learning to use the Map toolsObjective 4.2: Exploring 3D scenes and linking views5 Symbolizing mapsBackgroundAccessing the symbol settings for layersAccessing the labeling propertiesSymbolizing rastersTime to exploreObjective 5.1: Modifying single symbolsObjective 5.2: Creating maps from attributesObjective 5.3: Creating labelsObjective 5.4: Managing labelsObjective 5.5: Symbolizing rasters6 GeoprocessingBackgroundWhat’s differentAnalysis buttons and toolsTool licensingTime to exploreObjective 6.1: Getting familiar with the geoprocessing interfaceObjective 6.2: Performing interactive selectionsObjective 6.3: Performing selections based on attributesObjective 6.4: Performing selections based on locationObjective 6.5: Practicing geoprocessing7 TablesBackgroundGeneral table characteristicsJoining and relating tablesMaking chartsTime to exploreObjective 7.1: Managing table viewsObjective 7.2: Creating and managing properties of a chartObjective 7.3: Calculating statistics for tablesObjective 7.4: Calculating and editing in tables8 LayoutsBackgroundLayouts and map framesLayout editing proceduresImporting map documents and templatesTime to exploreObjective 8.1: Creating the maps for the layoutObjective 8.2: Setting up a layout page with map framesObjective 8.3: Setting map frame extent and scaleObjective 8.4: Formatting the map frameObjective 8.5: Creating and formatting map elementsObjective 8.6: Fine-tuning the legendObjective 8.7: Accessing and copying layouts9 Managing dataBackgroundData modelsManaging the geodatabase schemaCreating domainsManaging data from diverse sourcesProject longevityManaging shared data for work groupsTime to exploreObjective 9.1: Creating a project and exporting data to itObjective 9.2: Creating feature classesObjective 9.3: Creating and managing metadataObjective 9.4: Creating fields and domainsObjective 9.5: Modifying the table schemaObjective 9.6: Sharing data using ArcGIS Online10 EditingBackgroundBasic editing functionsCreating featuresModifying existing featuresCreating and editing annotationTime to exploreObjective 10.1: Understanding the editing tools in ArcGIS ProObjective 10.2: Creating pointsObjective 10.3: Creating linesObjective 10.4: Creating polygonsObjective 10.5: Modifying existing featuresObjective 10.6: Creating an annotation feature classObjective 10.7: Editing annotationObjective 10.8: Creating annotation features11 Moving forwardData sourcesIndex

As GIS and computing technologies advanced rapidly, many indoor space studies began to adopt GIS technology, data models, and analysis methods. However, even with a considerable amount of research on indoor GIS and various indoor systems developed for different applications, there has not been much attention devoted to adopting indoor GIS for the evaluation space usage. Applying indoor GIS for space usage assessment can not only provide a map-based interface for data collection, but also brings spatial analysis and reporting capabilities for this purpose. This study aims to explore best practice of using an indoor GIS platform to assess space usage and design a complete indoor GIS solution to facilitate and streamline the data collection, a management and reporting workflow. The design has a user-friendly interface for data collectors and an automated mechanism to aggregate and visualize the space usage statistics. A case study was carried out at the Purdue University Libraries to assess study space usage. The system is efficient and effective in collecting student counts and activities and generating reports to interested parties in a timely manner. The analysis results of the collected data provide insights into the user preferences in terms of space usage. This study demonstrates the advantages of applying an indoor GIS solution to evaluate space usage as well as providing a framework to design and implement such a system. The system can be easily extended and applied to other buildings for space usage assessment purposes with minimal development efforts.

Geographic Information System (GIS) Software Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Geographic Information System (GIS) Software market size reached USD 11.6 billion in 2024, reflecting a robust demand for spatial data analytics and location-based services across various industries. The market is experiencing a significant growth trajectory, driven by a CAGR of 12.4% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the GIS Software market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 33.5 billion. This remarkable expansion is primarily attributed to the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and cloud computing, which are enhancing the capabilities and accessibility of GIS platforms.

One of the major growth factors propelling the GIS Software market is the increasing adoption of location-based services across urban planning, transportation, and utilities management. Governments and private organizations are leveraging GIS solutions to optimize infrastructure development, streamline resource allocation, and improve emergency response times. The proliferation of smart city initiatives worldwide has further fueled the demand for GIS tools, as urban planners and municipal authorities require accurate spatial data for effective decision-making. Additionally, the evolution of 3D GIS and real-time mapping technologies is enabling more sophisticated modeling and simulation, expanding the scope of GIS applications beyond traditional mapping to include predictive analytics and scenario planning.

Another significant driver for the GIS Software market is the rapid digitization of industries such as agriculture, mining, and oil & gas. Precision agriculture, for example, relies heavily on GIS platforms to monitor crop health, manage irrigation, and enhance yield forecasting. Similarly, the mining sector uses GIS for exploration, environmental impact assessment, and asset management. The integration of remote sensing data with GIS software is providing stakeholders with actionable insights, leading to higher efficiency and reduced operational risks. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on environmental sustainability and regulatory compliance is prompting organizations to invest in advanced GIS solutions for monitoring land use, tracking deforestation, and managing natural resources.

The expanding use of cloud-based GIS solutions is also a key factor driving market growth. Cloud deployment offers scalability, cost-effectiveness, and remote accessibility, making GIS tools more accessible to small and medium enterprises as well as large organizations. The cloud model supports real-time data sharing and collaboration, which is particularly valuable for disaster management and emergency response teams. As organizations increasingly prioritize digital transformation, the demand for cloud-native GIS platforms is expected to rise, supported by advancements in data security, interoperability, and integration with other enterprise systems.

Regionally, North America remains the largest market for GIS Software, accounting for a significant share of global revenues. This leadership is underpinned by substantial investments in smart infrastructure, advanced transportation systems, and environmental monitoring programs. The Asia Pacific region, however, is witnessing the fastest growth, driven by rapid urbanization, government-led digital initiatives, and the expansion of the utility and agriculture sectors. Europe continues to demonstrate steady adoption, particularly in environmental management and urban planning, while Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging as promising markets due to increasing investments in infrastructure and resource management.

Component Analysis

The GIS Software market is segmented by component into Software and Services, each playing a pivotal role in the overall value chain. The software segment includes comprehensive GIS platforms, spatial analytics tools, and specialized applications

The data release for the geologic and structure maps of the Kalispell 1 x 2 degrees quadrangle, Montana, and Alberta and British Columbia, is a Geologic Map Schema (GeMS)-compliant version that updates the GIS files for the geologic map published in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2267 (Harrison and others, 2000). The updated digital data present the attribute tables and geospatial features (lines and polygons) in the format that meets GeMS requirements. This data release presents the geologic map as shown on the plates and captured in geospatial data for the published map. Minor errors, such as mistakes in line decoration or differences between the digital data and the map image, are corrected in this version. The database represents the geology for the 16,436 square kilometer, geologically complex Kalispell 1 x 2 degrees Quadrangle, at a publication scale of 1:250,000. The map covers primarily Flathead and Lincoln Counties, but also includes minor parts of Glacier, Lake, and Sanders Counties. These GIS data supersede those in the interpretive report: Harrison, J.E., Cressman, E.R., Whipple, J.W., Kayser, H.Z., Derkey, P.D., and EROS Data Center, 2000, Geologic and structure maps of the Kalispell 1:250,000 quadrangle, Montana, and Alberta and British Columbia: a digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2267, version 1.0, 23 p., scale 1:250,000, https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2267/.

Location Intelligence Market size was valued at USD 18.5 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 63.15 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 15.63% during the forecasted period 2024 to 2030.Global Location Intelligence Market DriversThe growth and development of the Location Intelligence Market drivers. These factors have a big impact on how Location Intelligence are demanded and adopted in different sectors. Several of the major market forces are as follows:Proliferation of Spatial Data: A rich source of data for location intelligence and analytics is made possible by the exponential increase of spatial data produced by sources including GPS-enabled devices, Internet of Things sensors, and geographic information systems (GIS). In order to extract meaningful insights, there is a growing need for sophisticated tools and technologies due to the volume and diversity of spatial data.Location-Based Services (LBS) are Growing: The demand for location intelligence and analytics solutions is fueled by the widespread use of location-based services including ride-sharing services, navigation apps, and location-based marketing. Companies use location data to target services based on local context, optimize operations, and improve customer experiences.Need for Real-time information: To make wise judgments swiftly in the hectic business world of today, businesses need to have real-time access to location-based information. Businesses may increase agility and responsiveness by using location intelligence and analytics solutions to monitor events, identify patterns, and react to changes in real-time.The amalgamation of location: intelligence and analytics with nascent technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) amplifies their potential and value proposition. Through the integration of sensor data, AI algorithms, and location data, enterprises may gain more profound understanding, anticipate future patterns, and streamline their decision-making procedures.Urbanization and Smart City Initiatives: The use of location intelligence and analytics solutions is fueled by the global trend toward urbanization and the growth of smart city initiatives. These technologies help municipalities, urban planners, and government agencies create sustainable and effective urban environments by optimizing infrastructure development, city planning, and service delivery.Cross-Industry Applications: Location analytics and intelligence are useful in a variety of industries, such as banking, logistics, healthcare, and retail. Businesses use location-based data to increase risk management, streamline supply chains, target customers more effectively, and increase operational efficiency across a range of company operations.Regulatory Compliance and Risk Management: The use of location intelligence and analytics solutions for regulatory compliance and risk management is influenced by compliance requirements relating to location-based data, such as privacy laws and geospatial standards. These products are purchased by organizations to guarantee data governance, reduce risks, and prove compliance with legal and regulatory obligations.The need for location-based: marketing is growing as companies use location analytics and intelligence to create more focused advertising and marketing campaigns. Organizations may increase customer engagement and conversion rates by providing tailored offers, promotions, and content depending on the geographic context of their customers by evaluating location data and consumer activity patterns.Emergence of Digital Twin Technology: This technology opens up new possibilities for location intelligence and analytics by building virtual versions of real assets or environments. Organizations can improve decision-making processes in a variety of fields, such as manufacturing, infrastructure management, and urban planning, by incorporating location data into digital twin models and simulating scenarios.

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A major objective of plant ecology research is to determine the underlying processes responsible for the observed spatial distribution patterns of plant species. Plants can be approximated as points in space for this purpose, and thus, spatial point pattern analysis has become increasingly popular in ecological research. The basic piece of data for point pattern analysis is a point location of an ecological object in some study region. Therefore, point pattern analysis can only be performed if data can be collected. However, due to the lack of a convenient sampling method, a few previous studies have used point pattern analysis to examine the spatial patterns of grassland species. This is unfortunate because being able to explore point patterns in grassland systems has widespread implications for population dynamics, community-level patterns and ecological processes. In this study, we develop a new method to measure individual coordinates of species in grassland communities. This method records plant growing positions via digital picture samples that have been sub-blocked within a geographical information system (GIS). Here, we tested out the new method by measuring the individual coordinates of Stipa grandis in grazed and ungrazed S. grandis communities in a temperate steppe ecosystem in China. Furthermore, we analyzed the pattern of S. grandis by using the pair correlation function g(r) with both a homogeneous Poisson process and a heterogeneous Poisson process. Our results showed that individuals of S. grandis were overdispersed according to the homogeneous Poisson process at 0-0.16 m in the ungrazed community, while they were clustered at 0.19 m according to the homogeneous and heterogeneous Poisson processes in the grazed community. These results suggest that competitive interactions dominated the ungrazed community, while facilitative interactions dominated the grazed community. In sum, we successfully executed a new sampling method, using digital photography and a Geographical Information System, to collect experimental data on the spatial point patterns for the populations in this grassland community.

Methods 1. Data collection using digital photographs and GIS

A flat 5 m x 5 m sampling block was chosen in a study grassland community and divided with bamboo chopsticks into 100 sub-blocks of 50 cm x 50 cm (Fig. 1). A digital camera was then mounted to a telescoping stake and positioned in the center of each sub-block to photograph vegetation within a 0.25 m2 area. Pictures were taken 1.75 m above the ground at an approximate downward angle of 90° (Fig. 2). Automatic camera settings were used for focus, lighting and shutter speed. After photographing the plot as a whole, photographs were taken of each individual plant in each sub-block. In order to identify each individual plant from the digital images, each plant was uniquely marked before the pictures were taken (Fig. 2 B).

Digital images were imported into a computer as JPEG files, and the position of each plant in the pictures was determined using GIS. This involved four steps: 1) A reference frame (Fig. 3) was established using R2V software to designate control points, or the four vertexes of each sub-block (Appendix S1), so that all plants in each sub-block were within the same reference frame. The parallax and optical distortion in the raster images was then geometrically corrected based on these selected control points; 2) Maps, or layers in GIS terminology, were set up for each species as PROJECT files (Appendix S2), and all individuals in each sub-block were digitized using R2V software (Appendix S3). For accuracy, the digitization of plant individual locations was performed manually; 3) Each plant species layer was exported from a PROJECT file to a SHAPE file in R2V software (Appendix S4); 4) Finally each species layer was opened in Arc GIS software in the SHAPE file format, and attribute data from each species layer was exported into Arc GIS to obtain the precise coordinates for each species. This last phase involved four steps of its own, from adding the data (Appendix S5), to opening the attribute table (Appendix S6), to adding new x and y coordinate fields (Appendix S7) and to obtaining the x and y coordinates and filling in the new fields (Appendix S8).

1. Data reliability assessment

To determine the accuracy of our new method, we measured the individual locations of Leymus chinensis, a perennial rhizome grass, in representative community blocks 5 m x 5 m in size in typical steppe habitat in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China in July 2010 (Fig. 4 A). As our standard for comparison, we used a ruler to measure the individual coordinates of L. chinensis. We tested for significant differences between (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, and (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler (see section 3.2 Data Analysis). If (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, and (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis, as measured with our new method and with the ruler, did not differ significantly, then we could conclude that our new method of measuring the coordinates of L. chinensis was reliable.

We compared the results using a t-test (Table 1). We found no significant differences in either (1) the coordinates of L. chinensis or (2) the pair correlation function g of L. chinensis. Further, we compared the pattern characteristics of L. chinensis when measured by our new method against the ruler measurements using a null model. We found that the two pattern characteristics of L. chinensis did not differ significantly based on the homogenous Poisson process or complete spatial randomness (Fig. 4 B). Thus, we concluded that the data obtained using our new method was reliable enough to perform point pattern analysis with a null model in grassland communities.

In this course, you will explore a variety of open-source technologies for working with geosptial data, performing spatial analysis, and undertaking general data science. The first component of the class focuses on the use of QGIS and associated technologies (GDAL, PROJ, GRASS, SAGA, and Orfeo Toolbox). The second component of the class introduces Python and associated open-source libraries and modules (NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, Seaborn, GeoPandas, Rasterio, WhiteboxTools, and Scikit-Learn) used by geospatial scientists and data scientists. We also provide an introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL) for performing table and spatial queries. This course is designed for individuals that have a background in GIS, such as working in the ArcGIS environment, but no prior experience using open-source software and/or coding. You will be asked to work through a series of lecture modules and videos broken into several topic areas, as outlined below. Fourteen assignments and the required data have been provided as hands-on opportunites to work with data and the discussed technologies and methods. If you have any questions or suggestions, feel free to contact us. We hope to continue to update and improve this course. This course was produced by West Virginia View (http://www.wvview.org/) with support from AmericaView (https://americaview.org/). This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Grant/Cooperative Agreement No. G18AP00077. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Geological Survey. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. After completing this course you will be able to: apply QGIS to visualize, query, and analyze vector and raster spatial data. use available resources to further expand your knowledge of open-source technologies. describe and use a variety of open data formats. code in Python at an intermediate-level. read, summarize, visualize, and analyze data using open Python libraries. create spatial predictive models using Python and associated libraries. use SQL to perform table and spatial queries at an intermediate-level.

Geographic Information System Software Market Outlook

The global Geographic Information System (GIS) Software market size was valued at approximately USD 7.8 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 15.6 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.3% during the forecast period. This impressive growth can be attributed to the increasing demand for efficient data management tools across various industries, which rely on spatial data for decision-making and strategic planning. The rapid advancements in technology, such as the integration of AI and IoT with GIS software, have further propelled the market, enabling organizations to harness the full potential of geographic data in innovative ways.

One of the primary growth drivers of the GIS Software market is the burgeoning need for urban planning and smart city initiatives worldwide. As urbanization trends escalate, cities are increasingly relying on GIS technology to manage resources more effectively, optimize transportation networks, and enhance public safety. The ability of GIS software to provide real-time data and spatial analysis is vital for city planners and administrators faced with the challenges of modern urban environments. Furthermore, the trend towards digital transformation in governmental organizations is boosting the adoption of GIS solutions, as they seek to improve operational efficiency and service delivery.

The agricultural sector is also experiencing significant transformations due to the integration of GIS software, which is another pivotal growth factor for the market. Precision agriculture, which involves the use of GIS technologies to monitor and manage farming practices, is enabling farmers to increase crop yields while reducing resource consumption. By leveraging spatial data, farmers can make informed decisions about planting, irrigation, and harvesting, ultimately leading to more sustainable agricultural practices. This trend is particularly prominent in regions where agriculture forms a substantial portion of the economy, encouraging the adoption of advanced GIS tools to maintain competitive advantage.

Another influential factor contributing to the growth of the GIS Software market is the increasing importance of environmental management and disaster response. GIS technology plays a crucial role in assessing environmental changes, managing natural resources, and planning responses to natural disasters. The ability to overlay various data sets onto geographic maps allows for better analysis and understanding of environmental phenomena, making GIS indispensable in tackling issues such as climate change and resource depletion. Moreover, governments and organizations are investing heavily in GIS tools that aid in disaster preparedness and response, ensuring timely and effective action during emergencies.

The evolution of GIS Mapping Software has been instrumental in transforming how spatial data is utilized across various sectors. These software solutions offer robust tools for visualizing, analyzing, and interpreting geographic data, enabling users to make informed decisions based on spatial insights. With the ability to integrate multiple data sources, GIS Mapping Software provides a comprehensive platform for conducting spatial analysis, which is crucial for applications ranging from urban planning to environmental management. As technology continues to advance, the capabilities of GIS Mapping Software are expanding, offering more sophisticated features such as 3D visualization and real-time data processing. These advancements are not only enhancing the utility of GIS tools but also making them more accessible to a wider range of users, thereby driving their adoption across different industries.

Regionally, North America and Europe have traditionally dominated the GIS Software market, thanks to their robust technological infrastructure and higher adoption rates of advanced technologies. However, Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by rapid urbanization, increased government spending on infrastructure development, and the expanding telecommunications sector. The growing awareness and adoption of GIS solutions in countries like China and India are significant contributors to this regional growth. Furthermore, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa regions are slowly catching up, with ongoing investments in smart city projects and infrastructure development driving the demand for GIS software.

Component Analysis</h2&

The global GIS Data Collector market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing adoption of location-based services, the expanding need for precise geospatial data in various sectors, and advancements in data collection technologies. This market is projected to reach a substantial size, estimated at $8 billion in 2025, exhibiting a healthy Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7%. This growth is fueled by several key factors: the rising demand for efficient and accurate data collection in infrastructure development, precision agriculture, environmental monitoring, and urban planning; the increasing affordability and accessibility of advanced data collectors; and the growing integration of GIS data with other technologies like IoT and AI for better decision-making. The market is segmented by various hardware and software solutions, offering different levels of functionality and pricing points. Key players, including Garmin, Handheld Group, Hexagon (Leica Geosystems), Trimble, and Esri, are driving innovation through the development of ruggedized handheld devices, cloud-based data management platforms, and advanced data processing tools. Geographic growth is expected to be varied, with North America and Europe maintaining a strong market presence, while emerging economies in Asia-Pacific and Latin America are projected to show significant growth due to increasing infrastructure projects and investment in digital technologies. Competitive pressures are increasing as new players enter the market, encouraging innovation and the creation of more specialized and cost-effective solutions.

Maintaining accurate data is a concern of all GIS users. The geodatabase offers you the ability to create geographic features that represent the real world. As the real world changes, you must update these features and their attributes. When creating or updating data, you can add behavior to your features and other objects to minimize the potential for errors.After completing this course, you will be able to:Define the two types of attribute domains and discuss how they differ.Create attribute domains and use them when editing data.Create subtypes and use them when editing data.Explain the difference between an attribute domain and a subtype.

This dataset is a series of digital map-posters accompanying the AdaptNRM Guide: Helping Biodiversity Adapt: supporting climate adaptation planning using a community-level modelling approach.

These represent supporting materials and information about the community-level biodiversity models applied to climate change. Map posters are organised by four biological groups (vascular plants, mammals, reptiles and amphibians), two climate change scenario (1990-2050 MIROC5 and CanESM2 for RCP8.5), and five measures of change in biodiversity.

The map-posters present the nationally consistent data at locally relevant resolutions in eight parts – representing broad groupings of NRM regions based on the cluster boundaries used for climate adaptation planning (http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/adaptation) and also Nationally.

Map-posters are provided in PNG image format at moderate resolution (300dpi) to suit A0 printing. The posters were designed to meet A0 print size and digital viewing resolution of map detail. An additional set in PDF image format has been created for ease of download for initial exploration and printing on A3 paper. Some text elements and map features may be fuzzy at this resolution.

Each map-poster contains four dataset images coloured using standard legends encompassing the potential range of the measure, even if that range is not represented in the dataset itself or across the map extent.

Most map series are provided in two parts: part 1 shows the two climate scenarios for vascular plants and mammals and part 2 shows reptiles and amphibians. Eight cluster maps for each series have a different colour theme and map extent. A national series is also provided. Annotation briefly outlines the topics presented in the Guide so that each poster stands alone for quick reference.

An additional 77 National maps presenting the probability distributions of each of 77 vegetation types – NVIS 4.1 major vegetation subgroups (NVIS subgroups) - are currently in preparation.

Example citations:

Williams KJ, Raisbeck-Brown N, Prober S, Harwood T (2015) Generalised projected distribution of vegetation types – NVIS 4.1 major vegetation subgroups (1990 and 2050), A0 map-poster 8.1 - East Coast NRM regions. CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Canberra. Available online at www.AdaptNRM.org and https://data.csiro.au/dap/.

Williams KJ, Raisbeck-Brown N, Harwood T, Prober S (2015) Revegetation benefit (cleared natural areas) for vascular plants and mammals (1990-2050), A0 map-poster 9.1 - East Coast NRM regions. CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Canberra. Available online at www.AdaptNRM.org and https://data.csiro.au/dap/.

This dataset has been delivered incrementally. Please check that you are accessing the latest version of the dataset. Lineage: The map posters show case the scientific data. The data layers have been developed at approximately 250m resolution (9 second) across the Australian continent to incorporate the interaction between climate and topography, and are best viewed using a geographic information system (GIS). Each data layers is 1Gb, and inaccessible to non-GIS users. The map posters provide easy access to the scientific data, enabling the outputs to be viewed at high resolution with geographical context information provided.

Maps were generated using layout and drawing tools in ArcGIS 10.2.2

A check list of map posters and datasets is provided with the collection.

Map Series: 7.(1-77) National probability distribution of vegetation type – NVIS 4.1 major vegetation subgroup pre-1750 #0x

8.1 Generalised projected distribution of vegetation types (NVIS subgroups) (1990 and 2050)

9.1 Revegetation benefit (cleared natural areas) for plants and mammals (1990-2050)

9.2 Revegetation benefit (cleared natural areas) for reptiles and amphibians (1990-2050)

10.1 Need for assisted dispersal for vascular plants and mammals (1990-2050)

10.2 Need for assisted dispersal for reptiles and amphibians (1990-2050)

11.1 Refugial potential for vascular plants and mammals (1990-2050)

11.1 Refugial potential for reptiles and amphibians (1990-2050)

12.1 Climate-driven future revegetation benefit for vascular plants and mammals (1990-2050)

12.2 Climate-driven future revegetation benefit for vascular reptiles and amphibians (1990-2050)