MethodThis dataset includes a detailed example for using our method (described in paper linked to below) to digitize historical land-use maps in R.MapsWe also release all of the Swedish land-use maps that we digitized for this project. This includes the Economic Map of Sweden (Ekonomiska kartan) over Sweden's 15 southernmost counties (7069 25 km2 sheets), plus 11 sheets of the District Economic Map (Häradsekonomiska kartan - but see http://bolin.su.se/data/Cousins-2015 for more accurate manual digitization).SvenskaHär kan du ladda ner 7069 Ekonomiska kartblad som vi digitaliserade över södra Sverige. En kort beskrivning av metoden publicerades i tidningen Kart & Bildteknik (se länk nedan).--UpdatesVersion 2: The digitized Economic Maps have been resampled so that they are all at a 1m resolution. In the original version they were all very close to 1m but not exactly the same, which made mosaicking difficult. This should be easier now. We now also link to the published paper in Methods in Ecology and Evolution.For more information, please see the readme file. For help or collaboration, please contact alistair.auffret@natgeo.su.se. If you use the data here in your work or research, please cite the publication appropriately.

This is an instructional document developed for volunteers who follow the Fluvanna History Initiative on One Shared Story's GIS Hub.Training was held at the Fluvanna County Public Library on Sunday September 29, 2019. This effort is being coordinated through an Esri GIS Premium Hub Community with assitance from GIS Corp and funding from the UVA Equity Atlas and the BAMA Works Fund.

The files linked to this reference are the geospatial data created as part of the completion of the baseline vegetation inventory project for the NPS park unit. Current format is ArcGIS file geodatabase but older formats may exist as shapefiles. We converted the photointerpreted data into a format usable in a geographic information system (GIS) by employing three fundamental processes: (1) orthorectify, (2) digitize, and (3) develop the geodatabase. All digital map automation was projected in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 16, using the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). Orthorectify: We orthorectified the interpreted overlays by using OrthoMapper, a softcopy photogrammetric software for GIS. One function of OrthoMapper is to create orthorectified imagery from scanned and unrectified imagery (Image Processing Software, Inc., 2002). The software features a method of visual orientation involving a point-and-click operation that uses existing orthorectified horizontal and vertical base maps. Of primary importance to us, OrthoMapper also has the capability to orthorectify the photointerpreted overlays of each photograph based on the reference information provided. Digitize: To produce a polygon vector layer for use in ArcGIS (Environmental Systems Research Institute [ESRI], Redlands, California), we converted each raster-based image mosaic of orthorectified overlays containing the photointerpreted data into a grid format by using ArcGIS. In ArcGIS, we used the ArcScan extension to trace the raster data and produce ESRI shapefiles. We digitally assigned map-attribute codes (both map-class codes and physiognomic modifier codes) to the polygons and checked the digital data against the photointerpreted overlays for line and attribute consistency. Ultimately, we merged the individual layers into a seamless layer. Geodatabase: At this stage, the map layer has only map-attribute codes assigned to each polygon. To assign meaningful information to each polygon (e.g., map-class names, physiognomic definitions, links to NVCS types), we produced a feature-class table, along with other supportive tables and subsequently related them together via an ArcGIS Geodatabase. This geodatabase also links the map to other feature-class layers produced from this project, including vegetation sample plots, accuracy assessment (AA) sites, aerial photo locations, and project boundary extent. A geodatabase provides access to a variety of interlocking data sets, is expandable, and equips resource managers and researchers with a powerful GIS tool.

Cadastral map is a binding state map series of large scale and it is digitized continuously. Cadastral zonings and their parts are covered by digital cadastral map, cadastral map digitized from an analogue map and analogue map itself. Data describe current state of digitization of the cadastral map in cadastral zonings and plan of tyhe digitalization of cadastral zonings.

Donation sent to the University of Idaho Library Government Documents Librarian a CD containing General Land Office maps on it. A readme file on the CD contains this information:"I obtained the attached GLO maps from Mitch Price at River Design Group who obtained them from another source. These maps apparently do not have a date, I assume it was stripped off when they were rectified. These maps show the Great Northern Rail line, it arrived in Bonners Ferry in 1892. The Spokane International Railroad (Union Pacific purchased this line) built a bridge across the Kootenai R. in 1906." "I am a bit puzzled on the map dates, the Kootenai River Master Plan indicated these maps are 1862-65 but they also show the Great Northern Rail line but not the Spokane International Railroad which seems to place them somewhere between 1892 - 1906 unless perhaps they were revised at a later date."Gary Barton USGS Tacoma, WA 253-552-1613 officegbarton@usgs.gov

We constructed a time-series spatial dataset of parcel boundaries for the period 1962-2005, in roughly 4-year intervals, by digitizing historical plat maps for Dane County and combining them with the 2005 GIS digital parcel dataset. The resulting datasets enable the consistent tracking of subdivision and development for all parcels over a given time frame. The process involved 1) dissolving and merging the 2005 digital Dane County parcel dataset based on contiguity and name, 2) further merging 2005 parcels based on the hard copy 2005 Plat book, and then 3) the reverse chronological merging of parcels to reconstruct previous years, at 4-year intervals, based on historical plat books. Additional land use information such as 1) whether a structure was actually constructed (using the companion digitized aerial photo dataset), 2) cover crop, and 3) permeable surface area, can be added to these datasets at a later date.

The set contains vector data of the 1780 timeline which is derived from the Schmettau map and missing parts in the Northeast of the Uckermark region are added from the Prussian First Land Survery (Preußische Uraufname). The original map sheets are stored in the Map Section of the National State Library in Berlin. A set of forest data from these maps was bought from the Eberswalde Forestry State Centre of Excellence (LFE). These data were checked and partly adjusted to our own field experiences and all other land-cover types were added by digitizing.

Borders of the old Uckermark from: Fidicin E (1864) Die Territorien der Mark Brandenburg oder Geschichte der einzelnen Kreise, Städte, Rittergüter und Dörfer in derselben als Fortsetzung des Landbuchs Kaiser Karl’s, Vol. IV. Bd. 4: Kreis Prenzlau. Kreis, Templin. Kreis Angermünde. Reprint in 1974, de Gruyter, Berlin

The entire Vermont extent of the National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL) as acquired 12/15/15 from the FEMA Map Service Center msc.fema.gov upon publication 12/2/2015 and converted to VSP.The FEMA DFIRM NFHL database compiles all available officially-digitized Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps. This extract from the FEMA Map Service Center includes all of such data in Vermont including counties and a few municipalities. This data includes the most recent map update for Bennington County effective 12/2/2015.DFIRM - Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) DFIRM X-Sections DFIRM Floodways Special Flood Hazard Areas (All Available)

1950 Digitized Shoreline for Breton Island, Louisiana (Geographic, NAD83) consists of vector shoreline data that were derived from a set of National Ocean Service (NOS) raster shoreline maps (often called T-sheet or TP-sheet maps) created for Breton Island in 1950. In 2002, NOAA published digitized shorelines for T-sheet (T-9393), which were subsequently edited by USGS staff for input into the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) Version 4.0, where area and shoreline change analyses could be conducted.

The Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event (A or AE) and the 0.2-percent-annual- chance flood event (X). The FIRM data can be derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs) and previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs). The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This database has been created by digitizing data from georefrenced paper FIRM maps and adding information from FIS where available. All FIRMs were georeferenced at a 1:4000 scale or finer. This data should be used as a reference layer, not as an authoritative source.

The potentiometric surface of the Sparta Sand in northern Louisiana is shown by contours on four maps. Maps for 1900, 1965 , and spring 1975 are generalized, small-scale maps from previously published reports. The spring 1980 map (1:500,000) is based on measurements in 144 wells and includes the southern tier of counties in southern Arkansas. The map shows regional effects of pumping from the Sparta Sand and effects of local pumping centers at Magnolia and El Dorado, Ark., and at Minden, Ruston, Jonesboro-Hodge, Winnfield, Bastrop, and in the Monroe area of Louisiana. (USGS)

This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties.

description: This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties.; abstract: This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties.

This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information.

This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties.

Reconstructing past landscapes from historical maps requires quantifying the accuracy and completeness of these sources. The accuracy and completeness of two historical maps of the same period covering the same area in Israel were examined: the 1:63,360 British Palestine Exploration Fund map (1871-1877) and the 1:100,000 French Levés en Galilée (LG) map (1870). These maps cover the mountainous area of the Galilee (northern Israel), a region with significant natural and topographical diversity, and a long history of human presence. Land-cover features from both maps, as well as the contours drawn on the LG map, were digitized. The overall correspondence between land-cover features shown on both maps was 59% and we found that the geo-referencing method employed (transformation type and source of control points) did not significantly affect these correspondence measures. Both maps show that in the 1870s, 35% of the Galilee was covered by Mediterranean maquis, with less than 8% of the area used for permanent agricultural cropland (e.g., plantations). This article presents how the reliability of the maps was assessed by using two spatial historical sources, and how land-cover classes that were mapped with lower certainty and completeness are identified. Some of the causes that led to observed differences between the maps, including mapping scale, time of year, and the interests of the surveyors, are also identified.

This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties.

This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties.

This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties.

Minnesota's original public land survey plat maps were created between 1848 and 1907 during the first government land survey of the state by the U.S. Surveyor General's Office. This collection of more than 3,600 maps includes later General Land Office (GLO) and Bureau of Land Management maps up through 2001. Scanned images of the maps are available in several digital formats and most have been georeferenced.

The survey plat maps, and the accompanying survey field notes, serve as the fundamental legal records for real estate in Minnesota; all property titles and descriptions stem from them. They also are an essential resource for surveyors and provide a record of the state's physical geography prior to European settlement. Finally, they testify to many years of hard work by the surveying community, often under very challenging conditions.

The deteriorating physical condition of the older maps (drawn on paper, linen, and other similar materials) and the need to provide wider public access to the maps, made handling the original records increasingly impractical. To meet this challenge, the Office of the Secretary of State (SOS), the State Archives of the Minnesota Historical Society (MHS), the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), MnGeo and the Minnesota Association of County Surveyors collaborated in a digitization project which produced high quality (800 dpi), 24-bit color images of the maps in standard TIFF, JPEG and PDF formats - nearly 1.5 terabytes of data. Funding was provided by MnDOT.

In 2010-11, most of the JPEG plat map images were georeferenced. The intent was to locate the plat images to coincide with statewide geographic data without appreciably altering (warping) the image. This increases the value of the images in mapping software where they can be used as a background layer.

This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties. https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htm