In an impressive increase from years past, 40.1 percent of women in the United States had completed four years or more of college in 2024. This figure is up from 3.8 percent of women in 1940. A significant increase can also be seen in males, with 37.1 percent of the U.S. male population having completed four years or more of college in 2024, up from 5.5 percent in 1940. 4- and 2-year colleges In the United States, college students are able to choose between attending a 2-year postsecondary program and a 4-year postsecondary program. Generally, attending a 2-year program results in an Associate’s Degree, and 4-year programs result in a Bachelor’s Degree. Many 2-year programs are designed so that attendees can transfer to a college or university offering a 4-year program upon completing their Associate’s. Completion of a 4-year program is the generally accepted standard for entry-level positions when looking for a job. Earnings after college Factors such as gender, degree achieved, and the level of postsecondary education can have an impact on employment and earnings later in life. Some Bachelor’s degrees continue to attract more male students than female, particularly in STEM fields, while liberal arts degrees such as education, languages and literatures, and communication tend to see higher female attendance. All of these factors have an impact on earnings after college, and despite nearly the same rate of attendance within the American population between males and females, men with a Bachelor’s Degree continue to have higher weekly earnings on average than their female counterparts.

In the academic year of 2021/22, about 835,320 male and almost 1.18 million female students earned a bachelor's degree in the United States. By the academic year of 2031/32, the number of male bachelor's degree recipients is expected to reach 975,020. Bachelor’s degrees in the United States American students typically earn a Bachelor’s degree for an undergraduate course of study and it is normally completed in four years. Depending on the major, students receive a Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Fine Arts, or another type of certificate. In 2021, about 1.17 million white students earned a Bachelor's degree, followed by 324,848 Hispanic students. Bachelor's degrees and earnings When looking at the mean income of Bachelor’s degree holders in 2021, there are marked differences between the female and male Bachelor’s degree holders. Men with a Bachelor’s degree earned about 107,315 U.S. dollars per year, compared to women, who earned 77,099 U.S. dollars per year. In addition, salaries tended to increase the more educated a person was.

In the academic year of 2022, it is expected that 551,460 female and 331,530 male students will earn a Master’s degree in the United States. These figures are a significant increase from the academic year of 1950, when 16,980 female students and 41,220 male students earned a Master’s degree.

What is a Master’s degree?

A Master’s degree is an academic degree granted by universities after finishing a Bachelor’s degree. Master’s degrees focus in on a specific field and are more specialized than a Bachelor’s. A typical Master’s program is about two years long, with the final semester focusing on the thesis. Master’s degree programs are usually harder to get into than Bachelor’s degree programs, due to the rigor of the program. Because these programs are so competitive, those with a Master’s degree are typically paid more than those with a Bachelor’s degree.

Master’s degrees in the United States

The number of master’s degrees granted in the United States has steadily increased since the 1970s and is expected to continue to increase. In 2021, the Master’s degree program with the worst job prospects in the United States by mid-career median pay was counseling, while the program with the best job prospects was a physician's assistant.

The proportion of male and female postsecondary graduates, by Classification of Instructional Programs, Primary groupings (CIP_PG), International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) and age group.

In the academic year of 2021/2022, there were ******* Bachelor's degrees in health professions and related programs awarded to women in the United States. This is compared to ****** degrees in the same field awarded to men.

In 2022, about 37.7 percent of the U.S. population who were aged 25 and above had graduated from college or another higher education institution, a slight decline from 37.9 the previous year. However, this is a significant increase from 1960, when only 7.7 percent of the U.S. population had graduated from college. Demographics Educational attainment varies by gender, location, race, and age throughout the United States. Asian-American and Pacific Islanders had the highest level of education, on average, while Massachusetts and the District of Colombia are areas home to the highest rates of residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher. However, education levels are correlated with wealth. While public education is free up until the 12th grade, the cost of university is out of reach for many Americans, making social mobility increasingly difficult. Earnings White Americans with a professional degree earned the most money on average, compared to other educational levels and races. However, regardless of educational attainment, males typically earned far more on average compared to females. Despite the decreasing wage gap over the years in the country, it remains an issue to this day. Not only is there a large wage gap between males and females, but there is also a large income gap linked to race as well.

Lake County, Illinois Demographic Data. Explanation of field attributes:

Total Population – The entire population of Lake County.

White – Individuals who are of Caucasian race. This is a percent.

African American – Individuals who are of African American race. This is a percent.

Asian – Individuals who are of Asian race. This is a percent.

Hispanic – Individuals who are of Hispanic ethnicity. This is a percent.

Does not Speak English- Individuals who speak a language other than English in their household. This is a percent.

Under 5 years of age – Individuals who are under 5 years of age. This is a percent.

Under 18 years of age – Individuals who are under 18 years of age. This is a percent.

18-64 years of age – Individuals who are between 18 and 64 years of age. This is a percent.

65 years of age and older – Individuals who are 65 years old or older. This is a percent.

Male – Individuals who are male in gender. This is a percent.

Female – Individuals who are female in gender. This is a percent.

High School Degree – Individuals who have obtained a high school degree. This is a percent.

Associate Degree – Individuals who have obtained an associate degree. This is a percent.

Bachelor’s Degree or Higher – Individuals who have obtained a bachelor’s degree or higher. This is a percent.

Utilizes Food Stamps – Households receiving food stamps/ part of SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program). This is a percent.

Median Household Income - A median household income refers to the income level earned by a given household where half of the homes in the area earn more and half earn less. This is a dollar amount.

No High School – Individuals who have not obtained a high school degree. This is a percent.

Poverty – Poverty refers to families and people whose income in the past 12 months is below the poverty level. This is a percent.

In all 25 OECD countries listed here, completion rates from bachelor's programs were higher among women than among men. The share of women who completed their bachelor's degree within the theoretical time frame varied from ** percent in Colombia to ** percent in the United Kingdom. Among men, students in the United Kingdom had the highest completion rates.

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Context

The gender pay gap or gender wage gap is the average difference between the remuneration for men and women who are working. Women are generally considered to be paid less than men. There are two distinct numbers regarding the pay gap: non-adjusted versus adjusted pay gap. The latter typically takes into account differences in hours worked, occupations were chosen, education, and job experience. In the United States, for example, the non-adjusted average female's annual salary is 79% of the average male salary, compared to 95% for the adjusted average salary.

The reasons link to legal, social, and economic factors, and extend beyond "equal pay for equal work".

The gender pay gap can be a problem from a public policy perspective because it reduces economic output and means that women are more likely to be dependent upon welfare payments, especially in old age.

This dataset aims to replicate the data used in the famous paper "The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations", which provides new empirical evidence on the extent of and trends in the gender wage gap, which declined considerably during the 1980–2010 period.

Citation

fedesoriano. (January 2022). Gender Pay Gap Dataset. Retrieved [Date Retrieved] from https://www.kaggle.com/fedesoriano/gender-pay-gap-dataset.

Content

There are 2 files in this dataset: a) the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) microdata over the 1980-2010 period, and b) the Current Population Survey (CPS) to provide some additional US national data on the gender pay gap.

PSID variables:

NOTES: THE VARIABLES WITH fz ADDED TO THEIR NAME REFER TO EXPERIENCE WHERE WE HAVE FILLED IN SOME ZEROS IN THE MISSING PSID YEARS WITH DATA FROM THE RESPONDENTS’ ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ABOUT JOBS WORKED ON DURING THESE MISSING YEARS. THE fz variables WERE USED IN THE REGRESSION ANALYSES THE VARIABLES WITH A predict PREFIX REFER TO THE COMPUTATION OF ACTUAL EXPERIENCE ACCUMULATED DURING THE YEARS IN WHICH THE PSID DID NOT SURVEY THE RESPONDENTS. THERE ARE MORE PREDICTED EXPERIENCE LEVELS THAT ARE NEEDED TO IMPUTE EXPERIENCE IN THE MISSING YEARS IN SOME CASES. NOTE THAT THE VARIABLES yrsexpf, yrsexpfsz, etc., INCLUDE THESE COMPUTATIONS, SO THAT IF YOU WANT TO USE FULL TIME OR PART TIME EXPERIENCE, YOU DON’T NEED TO ADD THESE PREDICT VARIABLES IN. THEY ARE INCLUDED IN THE DATA SET TO ILLUSTRATE THE RESULTS OF THE COMPUTATION PROCESS. THE VARIABLES WITH AN orig PREFIX ARE THE ORIGINAL PSID VARIABLES. THESE HAVE BEEN PROCESSED AND IN SOME CASES RENAMED FOR CONVENIENCE. THE hd SUFFIX MEANS THAT THE VARIABLE REFERS TO THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY, AND THE wf SUFFIX MEANS THAT IT REFERS TO THE WIFE OR FEMALE COHABITOR IF THERE IS ONE. AS SHOWN IN THE ACCOMPANYING REGRESSION PROGRAM, THESE orig VARIABLES AREN’T USED DIRECTLY IN THE REGRESSIONS. THERE ARE MORE OF THE ORIGINAL PSID VARIABLES, WHICH WERE USED TO CONSTRUCT THE VARIABLES USED IN THE REGRESSIONS. HD MEANS HEAD AND WF MEANS WIFE OR FEMALE COHABITOR.

1. intnum68: 1968 INTERVIEW NUMBER
2. pernum68: PERSON NUMBER 68
3. wave: Current Wave of the PSID
4. sex: gender SEX OF INDIVIDUAL (1=male, 2=female)
5. intnum: Wave-specific Interview Number
6. farminc: Farm Income
7. region: regLab Region of Current Interview
8. famwgt: this is the PSID’s family weight, which is used in all analyses
9. relhead: ER34103L this is the relation to the head of household (10=head; 20=legally married wife; 22=cohabiting partner)
10. age: Age
11. employed: ER34116L Whether or not employed or on temp leave (everyone gets a 1 for this variable, since our wage analyses use only the currently employed)
12. sch: schLbl Highest Year of Schooling
13. annhrs: Annual Hours Worked
14. annlabinc: Annual Labor Income
15. occ: 3 Digit Occupation 2000 codes
16. ind: 3 Digit Industry 2000 codes
17. white: White, nonhispanic dummy variable
18. black: Black, nonhispanic dummy variable
19. hisp: Hispanic dummy variable
20. othrace: Other Race dummy variable
21. degree: degreeLbl Agent's Degree Status (0=no college degree; 1=bachelor’s without advanced degree; 2=advanced degree)
22. degupd: degreeLbl Agent's Degree Status (Updated with 2009 values)
23. schupd: schLbl Schooling (updated years of schooling)
24. annwks: Annual Weeks Worked
25. unjob: unJobLbl Union Coverage dummy variable
26. usualhrwk: Usual Hrs Worked Per Week
27. labincbus: Labor Income from...

This statistic shows the percentage of the White, non-Hispanic population aged between 25 and 29 with a bachelor's or a higher level degree in the United States from 1975 to 2021, by gender. In 2021, about ** percent of white, non-Hispanic females had attained at least a bachelor's degree in the United States.

This dataset provides the number of students on scholarships abroad, categorized by country of study, scientific degree (Doctorate, Masters, Bachelor, Other), and gender (Male, Female). It offers insights into international student distribution for various academic levels and across different countries. This data is essential for understanding trends in global academic mobility and gender representation in higher education abroad.

In Sweden, the number of female registered students in higher education was far higher than the registered male students. In 2022, there were registered over 225,000 female students, compared to less than 150,000 male students. The number of both genders remained relatively stable throughout the last decade, but increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020, a total of 386,012 students were registered at higher education institutions in Sweden. Women in higher education The enrollment of women in higher education in Sweden follows a global trend. In each OECD country, women complete Bachelor’s degrees at higher rates than men. Moreover, there are female-dominated fields of study in higher education. Generally, social sciences and care study programs have a higher proportion of women than men. This can be seen in countries such as Australia, where nearly 75 percent of all new health students are women, compared to 25 percent within the fields of science, technology engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Female representation and equality in Sweden While women in Sweden have a small gender pay gap compared to men, with the average woman earning roughly 27,100 Swedish kronor and the average man earning nearly 30,800 Swedish kronor monthly, Sweden ranks well in terms of gender equality. Furthermore, almost half of Swedish parliament is composed of women, one of the highest shares of female MPs globally. Nevertheless, Swedish women still cite issues such as domestic violence as significant concerns.

This table gives, by calendar year, a view of the distribution of staff by level within the FPS Finance, excluding Fedorest and DIV, according to linguistic role and gender. This is still a situation on 01/01. The number of staff in the FPS Finance is broken down as follows: Level A: A-level staff members are staff members who have been recruited (or engaged) at that level or who have been promoted to the next level. In order to be recruited at level A, you must have a university degree or equivalent (with exceptions: example of labour market scarcity). In order to be promoted to level A, you must, as a member of staff at level C or B, be a successful candidate in a higher-level procedure. Level B: Level B staff members are staff members who have been recruited (or engaged) at that level or who have been promoted to the next level. In order to be recruited at level B, you must have a short-term higher education diploma (bachelor’s degree) or a diploma or application certificate (except in the following cases: example of labour market scarcity). In order to be promoted to level B, you must, as a member of staff at level C, be a successful candidate in a procedure for admission to a higher level. Level C: Staff members at level C are staff members who have been recruited (or engaged) at that level or who have been promoted to the next level. In order to be recruited at level C, you must have an upper secondary education diploma. (with exceptions: example of labour market scarcity). In order to be promoted to level C, you must, as a staff member at level D, be a successful candidate in a procedure for admission to a higher level. Level D: Level D staff members are staff members who have been recruited or engaged at this level. No diploma requirement is required in order to be recruited at level D. Note: / Legend: 0 = zero value; Empty cell = no value possible; N/B = data not available. H= Men F= Women NL=Dutch-speaking FR=Francophones G=Germanophones

In 2023, the mean income of women with a doctorate degree in the United States stood at 139,100 U.S. dollars. For men with the same degree, mean earnings stood at 175,500 U.S. dollars. On average in 2023, American men earned 91,590 U.S. dollars, while American women earned 65,987 U.S. dollars.

BackgroundSedentary lifestyles contribute to the rise of non-communicable diseases, making physical activity (PA) crucial for public health. Pre-exercise screening is an important tool for ensuring safety, but its utilization and the factors influencing its adoption need further exploration.ObjectiveThis study assesses the utilization of pre-exercise screening among physical activity facility users in the UAE, identifying sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with screening practices.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 and above in the UAE. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from 630 adults using PA facilities, covering socio-demographic characteristics, PA engagement, knowledge of PA benefits, and pre-exercise screening practices. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 28 for descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsOf the participants, 496 (78.7%) were unemployed, 554 (87.6%) were aged 18–34, 294 (46.7%) had bachelor’s degrees, and 522 (82.9%) were single. Females made up 52% of the respondents. Only 186 (29.5%) underwent pre-exercise screening, with 377 (59.8%) not screened and 67 (10.6%) uncertain. Associations were found between higher screening utilization and factors such as being over 30 years old (44.9%), male (33.9%), having higher education (33.5%), and being employed (40.3%). Participants with chronic health conditions, including heart disease (52.4%), chest pain (48%), and mental health problems (50%), were significantly more likely to utilize pre-exercise screening (P 

Average earnings, by age group and highest level of education, from the 2016 Census of Population.

In the United States, women holding a bachelor's degree earned, on average, 1,352 U.S. dollars per week in the second quarter of 2024. This can be compared with male bachelor's degree holders who on average earn 1,757 U.S dollars.

In 2020, almost 270,000 students were enrolled in tertiary education in Tunisia. Around 170,000 of these were women, making up roughly 63 percent of the students. From 2014 onwards, the number of students in tertiary education generally decreased, with male students always representing the minority of the enrollees.

Higher education in Tunisia

After obtaining the Baccalauréat at the end of secondary school, students in Tunisia can access higher education. Most students enrolled in university pursue bachelor’s degrees. In the 2017/2018 academic year, there were around 152,000 undergraduate students in the country, compared to approximately 37,000 postgraduates. Some foreign students also attend Tunisia's higher education institutions. Out of the total number of enrollees in tertiary education in the country, around 2.8 percent were foreign students as of 2019. In general, Tunisians mostly enroll in STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). Commercial and administrative affairs, engineering, and computer science are the most popular fields of study in tertiary education.

Largest universities

As of the 2018/2019 academic year, there were around 277 tertiary education institutions in Tunisia. The vast majority, amounting to 203, were public establishments. Despite a constant annual increment in number, private universities remain less prevalent in the country and attract a lower number of students compared to public institutes. The public universities of Sfax, Carthage, and Tunis El Manar lead the ranking of Tunisian universities by number of enrollees. In recent years, enrollment in tertiary education has been generally decreasing in Tunisia.

The most common type of education completed in Sweden is a post secondary education of three years or more or an upper secondary education of three years. In 2023, nearly half of the population had either one of these levels of education as their lowest completed level of education. Among them, nearly 24 percent had an upper secondary education of three years or more. In 2023, 383,000 students were registered in higher education institutions in Sweden. Higher share of the female population with higher education The share of women with a post-secondary education of three years or more was higher than the share of men; 45 percent of the female population had a post-secondary education in 2022, compared to 33 percent of the male population. On the other hand, there are more men than women with an upper secondary education. Financial aid for students The financial aid for students in Sweden makes it possible for many to gain a higher education. In 2021, 207,000 students in Sweden received both subsidies and study loans. Around 107,000 of the students received neither, and around 50,000 received subsidies but no loans.

This statistic shows the median income of bachelor's degree holders according to gender and major in the United States in 2009. In the United States in 2009 men with a business major earned on average 50,000 U.S. dollars, 16,000 more than their female counterparts.