This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

AGNC: Will Mortgage REIT Thrive in a Rising Rate Environment?

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

Real estate investment trusts (REITs) are attractive investment vehicles, as they are exempt from corporate tax. A reduction in REIT requirements and restrictions has encouraged new entrants, although many were hit hard by the retail crash during the COVID-19 outbreak. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 0.4% over the five years through 2024-25 to £8.5 billion including estimated growth of 11.8% in 2024-25, while the average profit is expected to be 19.3%. As many REITs own some form of retail and office property, lockdowns and social distancing measures during the pandemic meant the REIT industry lost revenue. Many REITs were forced to sell assets to stay afloat, threatening a spiral in retail property value, with shopping centre giant Intu Properties collapsing into administration. While many REITs with exposure to warehouses performed well in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak amid the e-commerce boom, the industry contended with significant headwinds like rising interest rates and rock-bottom confidence in 2022-23, hurting asset valuations and stifling investment activity. Macroeconomic conditions improved somewhat in 2023-24, with both business and consumer confidence picking up thanks to more optimistic growth prospects and stabilising interest, supporting rental income. However, the higher base rate environment has posed financing challenges, resulting in REITs finding alternative sources of finances like share placements to capitalise on low property values. In 2024-25, REITs have welcomed interest rate cuts, easing financing pressures and lifting asset values. This will support balance sheets, driving investment activity and revenue growth. REIT revenue is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of 5.6% over the five years through 2029-30 to £11.2 billion. The hike in corporation tax in April 2023 has resulted in investors looking towards REITs due to their tax advantages, positioning REITs for significant investment in the coming years and driving revenue growth. REITs will welcome solid government support in the form of regulatory changes aiming at making the industry more competitive. Technological innovation will also shape the industry. Most notably, proptech solutions are being introduced, which improve property management and operating efficiency, supporting profit.

Commercial leasing providers serve as lessors of buildings for nonresidential purposes. Industry participants include owner-lessors of nonresidential buildings, establishments that rent real estate and then act as lessors in subleasing it and establishments that provide full-service office space. Through the end of 2025, lessors have experienced mixed demand from critical downstream market segments. Since the onset of COVID-19, demand for office space has been volatile amid work-from-home and hybrid work arrangements. However, demand for industrial and retail spaces has risen, bolstered by gaining e-commerce sales and resilient consumer spending, buoying industry revenue. Over the past five years, industry revenue has climbed at a CAGR of 0.6% to reach $257.5 billion, including an estimated 0.7% gain in 2025. From 2020 to 2022, commercial leasing companies benefited from low interest rates, stimulating business expansion. However, in response to surging inflation, the Federal Reserve began raising interest rates in 2022 and continued into 2023. Rising interest rates translated into higher borrowing costs for tenants seeking new leases for their business operations. This can make expanding or relocating to a larger space more expensive. The industry benefited from three interest rate cuts in 2024. Industry profit remains high, reaching 51.6% of industry revenue in 2025. Industry revenue will climb at a CAGR of 2.6% to $292.9 billion through the end of 2030. Demand for office space will remain subdued over the next five years. However, a shortage of prime office spaces will elevate rent for Class A office buildings, benefiting lessors with those in their portfolios. Per capita disposable income growth and a continuation of climbing consumer spending will bolster demand for retail spaces, especially in suburban and Sun Belt markets. E-commerce sales will continue to power demand for industrial space as the percentage of e-commerce sales to total retail sales will mount.

Residential property managers have seen revenue growth in recent years; demand for management services is countercyclical, as more consumers switch to rentals when the economy worsens and the price of home ownership increases. Managers experienced growth during the economic downturn brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, carried by improved residential constructions. Rental vacancy rates declined as property owners needed to fill more apartments to maximize revenue during a time of uncertainty, as the eviction moratorium prevented them from pushing out renters who couldn't pay. Revenue has grown at a CAGR of 7.3% over the five years to 2024, when revenue is set to reach $113.8 billion, when revenue is set to grow 1.6% and profit is set to have seen overall growth. Homeownership provides the most substantial competition to residential property managers. Interest rates were lowered to spur economic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to increased homeownership. The Federal Reserve then hiked interest rates multiple times to combat persistent inflation, pushing many residents back to renting. The rental vacancy rate accordingly fell over the past five years. While this may provide more immediate revenue, many property owners purposefully keep a certain quantity of units empty to maintain higher value, supporting profit by increasing the return per unit. Moving forward, the value of residential construction will grow, increasing the profitability of opening rental facilities. Falling interest rates, with cuts having begun in 2024, will have a mixed impact on the industry. Disposable income will grow while this happens, meaning capable renters will not be in short supply. Altogether, revenue is set to grow at a CAGR of 1.7% over the five years to 2029, when revenue is set to reach $122.7 billion.

The financial and operational success of property development markets depends on a range of socio-economic factors, such as property values, market sentiment and credit conditions. Building project developers' revenue is forecast to slide at a compound annual rate of 3.2% to £35.8 billion over the five years through 2024-25. The economic shock caused by the pandemic had a devastating impact on property development market in 2020-21. Severe supply chain and market disruption caused sentiment to wane and transaction activity fell, while property values initially depreciated and rental fee income stalled. Revenue rebounded in 2021-22, aided by low interest rates, house price inflation and a stronger than anticipated initial economic recovery from the pandemic. Nonetheless, revenue remained below pre-pandemic levels as growth was hindered by a further net deficit on revaluation of assets and lower rental income in office and brick-and-mortar retail markets. The fallout from the pandemic has caused developers to re-align investment towards lower-risk real estate markets which are likely to be more resilient to price shocks. Inaflationary pressures and rising interest rates spurred a further hit to portfolio valuations, discouraging developers from pursuing new developments. Revenue is forecast to grow by 2.5% in the current year, as interest rate cuts spur renewed growth in property values. Revenue is slated to climb at a compound annual rate of 1.3% to reach £38.2 billion over the five years through 2029-30. Following recent interest rate cuts, more stable economic conditions are set to continue to support improved sentiment in the near-term, spurring developers to pursue new ventures. Opportunities for growth are set to be most prominent in high-yield office markets and the technology sector, with growing use of artificial intelligence set to drive demand for the development and construction of data centres. Loosened planning policy is set to drive momentum in residential real estate markets, though more will need to be done for the government to achieve ambitious housebuilding targets.

The Real Estate Asset Management industry is experiencing significant challenges because of broad economic and technological shifts. The gain in remote and hybrid work has decreased demand for office space, leading to higher vacancy rates and negatively impacting rent prices, particularly in Class B and C buildings. Interest rate increases also have complicated circumstances, expanding the cost of borrowing and dampening real estate investment. In tandem with challenges, opportunities have emerged in the form of growth in alternative investments like REITs and private equity and a surge in demand for data centers driven by digitalization, providing new revenue streams for the sector. Through the end of 2025, industry revenue has climbed at a CAGR of 0.7% to reach $90.6 billion, including a boost of 0.4% in 2025 alone. Technological advancements, such as artificial intelligence and big data, have also transformed the industry by providing sophisticated tools to improve investment decision-making, identify market trends and generate accurate real estate valuations. Automated Valuation Models (AVMs) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices give asset managers real-time insights into property values and operational specifics, enhancing strategic decision-making abilities. Meanwhile, the division between high-quality and lower-quality office assets widens, with prime spaces in mixed-use districts becoming scarce. Tech adoption extends beyond data crunching to automating repetitive tasks, paving the way for a more streamlined industry and benefiting profit. Looking forward, the industry’s future performance will be shaped by several factors. Persistent office vacancies are likely to force industry leaders to shift their focus toward other sectors, such as logistics and residential properties. Sinking interest rates, following recent cuts by the Federal Reserve, are anticipated to boost revenue as they stimulate home sales and invigorate investment activity. However, additional regulations are on the horizon and they may pose challenges, as new reporting requirements under the Corporate Transparency Act impose a significant compliance burden on the industry. Despite these hurdles, a residential real estate market recovery, driven by rate cuts and a continuing imbalance between demand and supply, is slated to fuel industry growth. Revenue will expand at a CAGR of 2.6% to reach $103.2 billion in 2030.

Revenue for apartment lessors has expanded through the end of 2025. Apartment lessors collect rental income from rental properties, where market forces largely determine their rates. The supply of apartment rentals has grown more slowly than demand, which has elevated rental rates for lessors' benefit. As the Federal Reserve hiked interest rates 11 times between March 2022 and January 2024, homeownership was pushed beyond the reach of many, resulting in a tighter supply and increased demand for rental properties. Despite three interest rate cuts in 2024, mortgage rates have remained stubbornly high in 2025, encouraging consumers to rent. Revenue has climbed at a CAGR of 2.6% over the past five years and is expected to reach $295.3 billion by the end of 2025. This includes an anticipated 1.4% gain in 2025 alone. The increasing unaffordability of housing is caused by the steady climb of mortgage rates and high prices maintained by a low supply. Supply has been held down as buyers who locked in low rates stay put, and investment groups hold a strategic number of their properties empty as investments. Industry profit has remained elevated because of solid demand for apartment rentals. Through the end of 2030, the apartment rental industry's future performance will be shaped by varying factors. The apartment supply in the US, which hit a record in 2024, is expected to taper off, which will push rental prices and occupancy rates up to the lessors' benefit. Other factors, such as interest rate cuts, decreasing financial barriers to homeownership and a high rate of urbanization, will also significantly impact the industry. With an estimated 80.7% of the US population living in urban areas, demand for apartment rentals will strengthen, although rising rental prices could force potential renters to cheaper suburbs. Demand will continue to outpace supply growth, prompting a climb in revenue. Revenue is expected to swell at a CAGR of 1.7% over the next five years, reaching an estimated $321.9 billion in 2030.

Property unit trust revenue is expected to contract at a compound annual rate of 9.8% over the five years through 2023-24. Regulations under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II have inflated the costs because of additional tax now charged on research. The pandemic damaged property unit trusts as retail and commercial heavy portfolios faced lower rental income from struggling retailers and businesses with less need for office space. Following the EU referendum and the pandemic, there was a reduction in the industry's assets under management due to funds outflow, adversely affecting revenue. In 2023-24, property unit trusts are experiencing considerable withdrawals as investors' confidence declined in the UK due to economic challenges. The Bank of England's interest rate has spiked from 0.25% in 2021 to 5.25% in 2024, prompting investors to shift their demand to alternative investments that offer higher returns — this includes cash savings. Additionally, there was an uptick in construction loans. Demand for retail and office spaces fell, impacted by the surge in online shopping and the adoption of hybrid working models. In response, trusts have suspended trading several times, highlighting their liquidity weakness. Property unit trust revenue is estimated to fall by 5.5% in 2023-24 to £316.7 million, with the average profit margin set to fall to 9.1% Property unit trust revenue is expected to shrink at a compound annual rate of 0.5% to £308.2 million over the five years through 2028-29. In the short term, economic uncertainty driven by inflation and high energy costs is likely to curb investment and revenue in the property unit trust sector. Yet, adapting investment strategies to include mixed-use developments could cushion this impact by aligning with the evolving demand for online shopping and hybrid work environments, which favour efficient and versatile spaces. To strengthen their position, especially against REITs, property unit trusts are moving towards Property Authorised Investment Funds (PAIFs) for better tax efficiency. Despite these adaptations, challenges like global geopolitical tensions, persistent inflation and rising interest rates will continue to pose staunch obstacles.

Nonresidential property managers have seen relatively steady revenue growth in recent years despite disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic negatively affected downstream demand from office buildings as business closures and the increased prevalence of working from home increased office rental vacancy rates. Still, government stimulus kept downstream demand from falling as much as it might have and an accelerated shift to online shopping led to increased demand from warehouses. More recently, data center construction has surged. The increased operational difficulties that came with the pandemic led to an increased need for management services from specific sectors. Overall, revenue for the nonresidential property management industry grew at an expected CAGR of 3.3% over the five years to 2024, when revenue is set to reach $45.2 billion and grow 2.0%, and profit is set to see slight overall growth. Moving forward, the nonresidential property management industry is set to see continued growth along with the broader macroeconomic environment. With cuts having begun in 2024, falling interest rates and continued federal funding for nonresidential construction are set to increase the value of nonresidential construction, expanding the market available to nonresidential property managers. The number of businesses, corporate profit and per capita disposable income are all set to see growth in the coming years, driving growth for the industry. The nonresidential property management industry will likely continue to become more global and technologically sophisticated. Revenue for the nonresidential property management industry is set to grow at a CAGR of 2.9% to reach $52.3 billion in 2029.

Investment pouring into residential housing construction has benefited apartment and condominium construction activity in Canada in recent years. Immigration into Canada has spurred record population growth, fueling a deepening housing crisis. In major urban centres, demand for housing units has exceeded the supply for years, inciting investment in retrofits and multistory apartment dwellings. Apartment contractors have been vital in filling the gaps in housing, with a low-interest environment and chronically low vacancy rates enticing investors. The imbalance between housing supply and demand kept investors bullish on apartments through COVID-19 pandemic uncertainty, supporting growth. Still, the pandemic's disruption to global supply chains didn't spare contractors, with equipment and material costs reaching unprecedented highs. Particularly through 2021 and 2022, materials price and wage inflation pushed up contractors rates, contributing to industry revenue growth. While the year following saw slower building construction price inflation, high demand has kept the price level from falling. In all, industry-wide revenue has been rising at an expected CAGR of 4.0% over the past five years, totaling an estimated $61.6 billion in 2025, when revenue is set to rise an estimated 1.9%. Beginning in 2022, the Bank of Canada steadily raised or maintained interest rates to combat inflation. Higher interest rates made developers more hesitant to invest in projects, driving up costs for builders and impeding profit. In 2024, however, the Bank of Canada began cutting interest rates, continuing the policy into 2025, until holding rates steady amid tariff uncertainty. Contractors will navigate a challenging landscape over the coming years. While interest rates will continue to fall, they will not reach pandemic lows. Labour shortages and elevated costs will also strain contractors' capacity. These challenges will face the broader construction sector, pushing federal and provincial governments to introduce infrastructure and workforce development programs. Over the next five years, apartment and condominium construction revenue is expected to expand at a CAGR of 1.1% to reach $65.2 billion in 2030.