In terms of population size, the sex ratio in the United States favors females, although the gender gap is remaining stable. In 2010, there were around 5.17 million more women, with the difference projected to decrease to around 3 million by 2027.

Gender ratios by U.S. state In the United States, the resident population was estimated to be around 331.89 million in 2021. The gender distribution of the nation has remained steady for several years, with women accounting for approximately 51.1 percent of the population since 2013. Females outnumbered males in the majority of states across the country in 2020, and there were eleven states where the gender ratio favored men.

Metro areas by population National differences between male and female populations can also be analyzed by metropolitan areas. In general, a metropolitan area is a region with a main city at its center and adjacent communities that are all connected by social and economic factors. The largest metro areas in the U.S. are New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago. In 2019, there were more women than men in all three of those areas, but Jackson, Missouri was the metro area with the highest share of female population.

Worldwide, the male population is slightly higher than the female population, although this varies by country. As of 2023, Hong Kong has the highest share of women worldwide with almost ** percent. Moldova followed behind with ** percent. Among the countries with the largest share of women in the total population, several were former Soviet-states or were located in Eastern Europe. By contrast, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman had some of the highest proportions of men in their populations.

Over the past 23 years, there were constantly more men than women living on the planet. Of the 8.06 billion people living on the Earth in 2023, 4.05 billion were men and 4.01 billion were women. One-quarter of the world's total population in 2024 was below 15 years.

Alaska had the highest male to female ratio in the United States in 2020, with ***** men for every 100 women. The male to female ratio was lowest in the District of Columbia, with **** men for every 100 women. The final frontier Alaska, which was purchased from the Russian Empire in 1867, is the largest state in the U.S. and one of the newest states, having been admitted to the U.S. in 1959. Although oil production dominates the economy, Alaska has a very high poverty rate and consistently has the highest unemployment rate in the country. It’s a man’s world Alaska is one of 10 states in the U.S. that has more men than women. The male to female ratio in the United States as a whole is about even, but as the population ages, there tend to be more females than males. Even though the sex ratio in the U.S. is almost one to one, a little more than ** percent of all females participated in the labor force in 2021, compared with **** percent of men.

Population, female (% of total population) in United States was reported at 49.75 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Population, female (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

The gap between the number of women and men in Russia was measured at approximately 10.3 million as of January 1, 2024, with the female population of the country historically outnumbering the male population. Both genders saw a decrease in inhabitants compared to the previous year. Why are there more women than men in Russia? One of the factors explaining gender imbalance in modern Russia is the gap in average life expectancy between the genders. In 2022, Russian women outlived men by around 10 years. In particular, working-age men were six times more likely to die from external causes of death, such as accidents and suicides, compared to working age women in that year. Furthermore, partial mobilization announced as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war resulted in a mass exodus of young men fleeing from conscription. In response to the government’s call to recruit up to 300,000 reservists in end-September 2022, Google search interest in the term "How to leave Russia" increased sharply. Gender imbalance and its consequences for Russia In Russia, the labor market remains highly segregated by gender. Manual jobs in equipment operation, metal industry, manufacturing, and mechanics are male dominated. The labor shortage in these spheres could limit the country’s potential for increased industrial production. Furthermore, fewer men exacerbate the issue of falling births in Russia. In 2023, only 1.26 million births were recorded nationwide, the lowest over the past decade. Coupled with a decreasing number of working-age men, such a decline in live births could lead to less innovation, a larger share of retired people, and rising government expenditure on pensions and healthcare.

As of July 1, 2022, there were 165.28 million males and 168 million females living in the United States. The overall population of the United States has remained steady since 2010.

Worldwide, the male population is slightly higher than the female population. As of 2023, the country with the highest percentage of men was Qatar, with only slightly more than *********** of the total population being women. The United Arab Emirates followed with ** percent. Different factors can influence the gender distribution in a population, such as life expectancy, the sex ratio at birth, and immigration. For instance, in Qatar, the large share of males is due to the high immigration flows of male labor in the country.

The Second World War had a sever impact on gender ratios across European countries, particularly in the Soviet Union. While the United States had a balanced gender ratio of one man for every woman, in the Soviet Union the ratio was below 5:4 in favor of women, and in Soviet Russia this figure was closer to 4:3.

As young men were disproportionately killed during the war, this had long-term implications for demographic development, where the generation who would have typically started families in the 1940s was severely depleted in many countries.

Abstract

The main objective of this survey is centered to provide comprehensive and representative statistics on violence in the Palestinian society, especially among the following groups: married or ever married women aged (15-64) years, married or who have been married men aged (18-64) years, male and female individuals aged (18-64) years who have never been married, children aged (12-17) years, and elderly persons aged 65 years and above.

Geographic coverage

Dissemination Domains

1.National level: State of Palestine. 2.Region level: (West Bank and Gaza Strip). 3.Locality type (urban, rural, camp).

Analysis unit

Member Households

Universe

The target population (groups) for Violence Survey in the Palestinian Society, 2019 are: 1.Currently married or ever married women aged (15-64 years). 2.Children (male and female) aged (1-11 years). 3.Currently married or ever married men aged (18-64 years). 4.Individuals (male and female) aged (18-64 years) who have never been married. 5.Children (male and female) aged (12-17 years). 6.Elderly persons aged (65 years and above).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The target population (groups) for Violence Survey in the Palestinian Society, 2019 are: 1.Currently married or ever married women aged (15-64 years). 2.Children (male and female) aged (1-11 years). 3.Currently married or ever married men aged (18-64 years). 4.Individuals (male and female) aged (18-64 years) who have never been married. 5.Children (male and female) aged (12-17 years). 6.Elderly persons aged (65 years and above).

Sampling and Frame Three-stage stratified cluster systematic random sample of households residing in Palestine.

Sampling Framework The sampling frame consists of the list of enumeration areas of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017. They are geographical areas of similar size for the most part (with an average of about 150 households), and these enumeration areas are used as primary sampling units (PSUs) in the first sampling selection stage.

Sample Size 12,942 households were reached at the national level; of which 11,545 households responded, 7,913 households in the West Bank and 3,632 households in Gaza Strip.

Sample Design Three-stage stratified cluster systematic random sample: Stage I: Selection of a stratified cluster systematic random sample proportional to the size of each household enumeration area (PPS), consisting of (310) enumeration areas.

Stage II: Selection (40) households from each enumeration area in the first stage in a stratified cluster systematic random. (Lists of the heads of households) Stage III: Selection of one individual of the selected household in the second stage if it has more than one individual from each of the targeted groups in the survey, using Kish (multivariate) table to ensure randomness in the selection process.

In Jerusalem (J1) area, a survey sample of 40 households is selected from each enumeration area in the first stage.

Sample Strata The population was divided into the following strata: 1.Governorate (16 Governorates in the West Bank including those parts of Jerusalem, which were annexed by Israeli occupation in 1967 (J1) as a separated stratum, and Gaza Strip). 2.Locality type (urban, rural, camp).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

International recommendations and standards in the area of violence statistics were viewed during the first stages of developing the questionnaire. The experiences of other countries in conducting such surveys were also reviewed while taking into consideration special Palestinian specificities while applying this survey. The questionnaire was designed with reliance on PCBS second experience in conducting a violence survey during 2011.

The questionnaire for the Violence Survey, 2019 was developed in cooperation with our partners in the National Advisory Committee for the Violence Survey and with the help of several experts. Many observations provided by experienced persons were applied reflecting a purely Palestinian experience. The importance of the survey was also stemmed from the urgent need of the local community for the indicators it provides.

The questionnaire consists of eight main sections as follows: · Identification data and Quality Control: It was asked to any member of a household aged 18 years or more. This section covered all household members in the sample without exception. · Housing Conditions: It was asked to any member of the household aged 18 years or more to identify the conditions of the household's, financial conditions, income, financial needs, and spending capabilities. · Currently married or ever married women aged (14-64 years): This section was asked to any woman who is currently married (at the time of the interview) or has been married in the past by selecting one woman from the household (should there be several women) by using the Kish Selection Method. If there was more than one disabled woman in the households, women with disability have completed separate questionnaires and were registered separately. · Currently married or ever married men aged (18-64 years): This section was asked to any man who is currently married (at the time of the interview) or has been married in the past by selecting one man from the households (should there be several men) by using the Kish Selection Method. If there was more than one man with a disability in the households belonging to this group, men with disability have completed separate questionnaires and were registered separately. · Individuals aged (18-64 years) who have never been married: This section targets any individual who had never been married, male or female, by selecting him or her from the households. If there was more than one individual belonging to this group, the Kish Selection Method was used to select the sample as in the above-mentioned method. If there was more than one individual (male or female) with a disability, each has completed a separate questionnaire, and they were all registered. · Children aged (0-11 years): A male or female child was selected from households. Questions concerning this age group were answered by women who are currently married or have been married in the past and who are the mothers or caregivers of those children. This section included children with disability. · Children aged (12-17 years): This section targets children directly whether they were males or females. If there was more than one child of this age group in the households, the Kish Selection Method was used to select a child by using the same above-mentioned methodology to select the sample. If there was more than one child with a disability (whether male or female), each was provided with a separate questionnaire and they were all registered. · Elderly persons aged (65 years and above): This section was assigned especially to the elderly, whether males or females. If there was more than one elderly person in the households aged (65 years and above), all of them were interviewed.

Cleaning operations

Data Cleaning 1. Concurrently with the data collection process, a weekly check of the data entered was carried out centrally and returned to the field for modification during the data collection phase and follow-up. The work was carried out at a thoroughly examination of the questions and variables to ensure that all required items are included, and the check of shifts, stops, and the range was done, too. 2. Data processing was conducted after the fieldwork stage, where it was limited to conducting the final inspection and cleaning of the survey databases. Data cleaning and editing stage focused on: · Editing skips and values allowed. · Checking the consistency between different the questions of questionnaire based on logical relationships. · Checking on the basis of relations between certain questions so that a list of non-identical cases was extracted, and reviewed toward identifying the source of the error case by case, where such errors were immediately modified and corrected based on the source of the error after confirming and returning to the field in cases where it is needed. 3. The SPSS program was used to extract and modify errors and discrepancies, and to prepare clean and accurate data ready for scheduling and publishing.

Response rate

12,942 representative households were reached. The number of responded households (11,545) including (7,913) in the West Bank and (3,632) in Gaza Strip. Weights were adjusted with the design strata to compensate for the rate of refusal and non-response.

Responses and Non-Responses Cases Number of Cases Completed households 11,530
Partially completed 15
Households traveling 118 Refused 354 No information was available 72
Uninhabited residence unit 392 The Residence unit does not exist 23
No one at the residence 424 Other 14
Total (total size of sample) 12,942

Total cases of Non-responses x%100 = 7.8%

Non-Response Rate - %100 = 92.2%

Sampling error estimates

Sampling Errors Data of this survey were affected by sampling errors, which resulted from a partial (sample) study of the society as opposed to all units of the society. Whereas the Violence Survey in the Palestinian Society, 2019 was conducted on a sample, sampling errors were inevitable. To reduce sampling errors, a probability sample suitably designed to calculate errors had to be used continuously. This implied that each unit in society had an opportunity to be selected in the sample. Variance and the effect of the

The estimated population of the U.S. was approximately 334.9 million in 2023, and the largest age group was adults aged 30 to 34. There were 11.88 million males in this age category and around 11.64 million females. Which U.S. state has the largest population? The population of the United States continues to increase, and the country is the third most populous in the world behind China and India. The gender distribution has remained consistent for many years, with the number of females narrowly outnumbering males. In terms of where the residents are located, California was the state with the highest population in 2023. The U.S. population by race and ethnicity The United States is well known the world over for having a diverse population. In 2023, the number of Black or African American individuals was estimated to be 45.76 million, which represented an increase of over four million since the 2010 census. The number of Asian residents has increased at a similar rate during the same time period and the Hispanic population in the U.S. has also continued to grow.

Abstract

The second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), conducted in 1998-99, provides information on fertility, mortality, family planning, and important aspects of nutrition, health, and health care. The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) coordinated the survey, which collected information from a nationally representative sample of more than 90,000 ever-married women age 15-49. The NFHS-2 sample covers 99 percent of India's population living in all 26 states. This report is based on the survey data for 25 of the 26 states, however, since data collection in Tripura was delayed due to local problems in the state.

IIPS also coordinated the first National Family Health Survey (NFHS-1) in 1992-93. Most of the types of information collected in NFHS-2 were also collected in the earlier survey, making it possible to identify trends over the intervening period of six and one-half years. In addition, the NFHS-2 questionnaire covered a number of new or expanded topics with important policy implications, such as reproductive health, women's autonomy, domestic violence, women's nutrition, anaemia, and salt iodization.

The NFHS-2 survey was carried out in two phases. Ten states were surveyed in the first phase which began in November 1998 and the remaining states (except Tripura) were surveyed in the second phase which began in March 1999. The field staff collected information from 91,196 households in these 25 states and interviewed 89,199 eligible women in these households. In addition, the survey collected information on 32,393 children born in the three years preceding the survey. One health investigator on each survey team measured the height and weight of eligible women and children and took blood samples to assess the prevalence of anaemia.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

Three-quarters (73 percent) of the population lives in rural areas. The age distribution is typical of populations that have recently experienced a fertility decline, with relatively low proportions in the younger and older age groups. Thirty-six percent of the population is below age 15, and 5 percent is age 65 and above. The sex ratio is 957 females for every 1,000 males in rural areas but only 928 females for every 1,000 males in urban areas, suggesting that more men than women have migrated to urban areas.

The survey provides a variety of demographic and socioeconomic background information. In the country as a whole, 82 percent of household heads are Hindu, 12 percent are Muslim, 3 percent are Christian, and 2 percent are Sikh. Muslims live disproportionately in urban areas, where they comprise 15 percent of household heads. Nineteen percent of household heads belong to scheduled castes, 9 percent belong to scheduled tribes, and 32 percent belong to other backward classes (OBCs). Two-fifths of household heads do not belong to any of these groups.

Questions about housing conditions and the standard of living of households indicate some improvements since the time of NFHS-1. Sixty percent of households in India now have electricity and 39 percent have piped drinking water compared with 51 percent and 33 percent, respectively, at the time of NFHS-1. Sixty-four percent of households have no toilet facility compared with 70 percent at the time of NFHS-1.

About three-fourths (75 percent) of males and half (51 percent) of females age six and above are literate, an increase of 6-8 percentage points from literacy rates at the time of NFHS-1. The percentage of illiterate males varies from 6-7 percent in Mizoram and Kerala to 37 percent in Bihar and the percentage of illiterate females varies from 11 percent in Mizoram and 15 percent in Kerala to 65 percent in Bihar. Seventy-nine percent of children age 6-14 are attending school, up from 68 percent in NFHS-1. The proportion of children attending school has increased for all ages, particularly for girls, but girls continue to lag behind boys in school attendance. Moreover, the disparity in school attendance by sex grows with increasing age of children. At age 6-10, 85 percent of boys attend school compared with 78 percent of girls. By age 15-17, 58 percent of boys attend school compared with 40 percent of girls. The percentage of girls 6-17 attending school varies from 51 percent in Bihar and 56 percent in Rajasthan to over 90 percent in Himachal Pradesh and Kerala.

Women in India tend to marry at an early age. Thirty-four percent of women age 15-19 are already married including 4 percent who are married but gauna has yet to be performed. These proportions are even higher in the rural areas. Older women are more likely than younger women to have married at an early age: 39 percent of women currently age 45-49 married before age 15 compared with 14 percent of women currently age 15-19. Although this indicates that the proportion of women who marry young is declining rapidly, half the women even in the age group 20-24 have married before reaching the legal minimum age of 18 years. On average, women are five years younger than the men they marry. The median age at marriage varies from about 15 years in Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh to 23 years in Goa.

As part of an increasing emphasis on gender issues, NFHS-2 asked women about their participation in household decisionmaking. In India, 91 percent of women are involved in decision-making on at least one of four selected topics. A much lower proportion (52 percent), however, are involved in making decisions about their own health care. There are large variations among states in India with regard to women's involvement in household decisionmaking. More than three out of four women are involved in decisions about their own health care in Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Punjab compared with about two out of five or less in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Rajasthan. Thirty-nine percent of women do work other than housework, and more than two-thirds of these women work for cash. Only 41 percent of women who earn cash can decide independently how to spend the money that they earn. Forty-three percent of working women report that their earnings constitute at least half of total family earnings, including 18 percent who report that the family is entirely dependent on their earnings. Women's work-participation rates vary from 9 percent in Punjab and 13 percent in Haryana to 60-70 percent in Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh.

FERTILITY AND FAMILY PLANNING

Fertility continues to decline in India. At current fertility levels, women will have an average of 2.9 children each throughout their childbearing years. The total fertility rate (TFR) is down from 3.4 children per woman at the time of NFHS-1, but is still well above the replacement level of just over two children per woman. There are large variations in fertility among the states in India. Goa and Kerala have attained below replacement level fertility and Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab are at or close to replacement level fertility. By contrast, fertility is 3.3 or more children per woman in Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Nagaland, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh. More than one-third to less than half of all births in these latter states are fourth or higher-order births compared with 7-9 percent of births in Kerala, Goa, and Tamil Nadu.

Efforts to encourage the trend towards lower fertility might usefully focus on groups within the population that have higher fertility than average. In India, rural women and women from scheduled tribes and scheduled castes have somewhat higher fertility than other women, but fertility is particularly high for illiterate women, poor women, and Muslim women. Another striking feature is the high level of childbearing among young women. More than half of women age 20-49 had their first birth before reaching age 20, and women age 15-19 account for almost one-fifth of total fertility. Studies in India and elsewhere have shown that health and mortality risks increase when women give birth at such young ages?both for the women themselves and for their children. Family planning programmes focusing on women in this age group could make a significant impact on maternal and child health and help to reduce fertility.

INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY

NFHS-2 provides estimates of infant and child mortality and examines factors associated with the survival of young children. During the five years preceding the survey, the infant mortality rate was 68 deaths at age 0-11 months per 1,000 live births, substantially lower than 79 per 1,000 in the five years preceding the NFHS-1 survey. The child mortality rate, 29 deaths at age 1-4 years per 1,000 children reaching age one, also declined from the corresponding rate of 33 per 1,000 in NFHS-1. Ninety-five children out of 1,000 born do not live to age five years. Expressed differently, 1 in 15 children die in the first year of life, and 1 in 11 die before reaching age five. Child-survival programmes might usefully focus on specific groups of children with particularly high infant and child mortality rates, such as children who live in rural areas, children whose mothers are illiterate, children belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes, and children from poor households. Infant mortality rates are more than two and one-half times as high for women who did not receive any of the recommended types of maternity related medical care than for mothers who did receive all recommended types of care.

HEALTH, HEALTH CARE, AND NUTRITION

Promotion of maternal and child health has been one of the most important components of the Family Welfare Programme of the Government of India. One goal is for each pregnant woman to receive at least three antenatal check-ups plus two tetanus toxoid injections and a full course of iron and folic acid supplementation. In India, mothers of 65 percent of the children

Abstract

1.1 Introduction Improving sexual and reproductive health is a public health priority, and the timing of first sexual intercourse and the context in which it occurs both have health implications. Moreover, information and monitoring about sexual behavior is essential to the design and assessment of interventions to improve sexual health. The last survey centered on the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents/young adults in Switzerland was carried out in 1995. Since then, all data on the subject come from general surveys. As contextual factors, the life contexts of youths explain a large amount of the variance in sex related behaviors, and a fair amount of new developments have appeared in the last twenty years that might have had an impact on youth’s sexual behavior: AIDS has gone from a fatal to a chronic condition, there has been a liberalization of the access to emergency contraception, Swiss law changed in 2002 and allowed abortion in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the HPV vaccine is recommended as part of the vaccination program (for girls since 2008 and for boys since 2016), sildenafil citrate (e.g. Viagra®) has appeared on the market as a treatment for erectile dysfunction, pornography has become extremely accessible and free, phenomena of online sex and sexting have emerged. These changes might have an impact on adolescent sexual behaviors although we do not know how and to what extent. This survey provides self-reported information from young adults in Switzerland. The primary objective was to obtain current epidemiological data on young people’s sexual and reproductive health and behaviors. 1.2 Methods The survey comprised three parts: two of them contained questions on socio-demographic characteristics of the participants (part 1) and on their sexual and health behavior (part 3), and one part was a life history calendar (LHC, part 2). In the LHC, participants were asked to identify the period of occurrence of different life events. The aim of the LHC was to facilitate recollection and dating of personal events by referencing each of them to other key events or milestones of their life (e.g. moving to a new residence or obtaining one’s drive licence). The initial sample was provided by the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics, and it was representative of the entire population living in Switzerland in terms of sex, language, and canton of residence. This sample included 49’798 individuals aged between 24 and 26 years old on 30 September 2016 (birthdate between 01 October 1989 and 30 September 1992). Starting on the 8th June 2017, a first invitation letter was sent to 10’000 individuals. To ensure the operation of the server and allow adjustments in case of problems, the remaining letters (39’798) were sent in two different waves (9 June and 30 June). Depending on the canton of residence, the letter was sent either in French and German, or in Italian and German. The initial goal was to obtain 10’000 answers, but it rapidly appeared that respondents were more reluctant than anticipated to participate in the survey. Moreover 2’402 (4.8%) letters were returned by the postal service, 12 (0.02%) e-mails were sent by parents or caregivers to inform that the person was disabled, had gone abroad or did not speak one of the three languages and 16 (0.03%) letters were returned by participants themselves to say that they did not want to participate. In September 2017, it was decided to send a reminder to 10’000 people randomly chosen among the ones having not answered yet and not being part of the returned letters. Data collection ended on 26 November 2017. The final sample included 7’142 people aged between 24 and 26 years and living in Switzerland at the time of the addresses delivery (30 September 2016). This corresponds to a response rate of 15.1%. Among them 5’618 individuals completed the entire questionnaire or a significant part of it (11.9%, or 78.7% of all respondents). After computing the distribution of the main socio-demographic variables available in the survey and for which the true population-level distribution was known, we had to correct the sample distribution using weights for two characteristics: sex and canton of residence because females from the French part of Switzerland were overrepresented in the participants. Weights were computed for those who abandoned during the third part of the questionnaire and those who completed it until the end (even if they omitted some questions). 1.3 Results Overall 94% of females and 89% of males had ever been in a steady relationship. Around three out of every four participants were currently in one such relationship. The great majority (95%) of respondents had ever had sexual partners, most of them between 2 and 7. About 5% had never had a sexual partner. Most (94%) had also had had sexual partners in the past 12 months, but in this case it was mainly only one. Over 70% of males and females had ever had casual sexual partners, but the percentage decreased to around only one quarter in the last 30 days. The majority of respondents (86%) had only had heterosexual contacts, however 15% of females and 13% of males had either homosexual or bisexual experiences. The mean age at first sexual contact was just under 17 years. Almost all respondents (96%) had ever had oral sex, most of them with an opposite-sex partner. The vast majority (95%) had had vaginal sex and half of respondents had it at least weekly. The same percentage of females and males (49%) reported ever having had anal intercourse. Participants reporting having had sex with multiple partners at the same time, using medication to enhance sexual performance, or being blackmailed were a small minority. Those having ever had intercourse with someone met on the Internet accounted for 22% of females and 35% of males. More than half of males (56%) and 46% of females had ever had intercourse while intoxicated. Eleven percent of females had ever been pregnant and 8% of males declared ever having had a partner pregnant. Among females, the pregnancy was mainly continued (57.6%) and in almost 30% of the cases interrupted. Among males, pregnancy was continued in 49% of cases and interrupted in 42% of them. An important percentage (45%) of youths had ever had HIV testing, with females slightly outnumbering males. Almost all reported a negative result. Close to one youth in 10 reported ever having had a diagnosed sexually transmitted infection. Chlamydia was the most commonly reported among females and males. The vast majority (93%) of respondents had used some kind of contraception / protection at their first intercourse, mainly male condoms. However, at last intercourse contraception / protection methods were more equally distributed between male condom and contraceptive pill. All other contraception methods represented less than 5%, with the exception of intrauterine device (IUD) and vaginal ring. Around 90% of both males and females reported being only or strongly attracted to people of the opposite sex, and males (4.6%) outnumbered females (1.8%) in reporting same sex attraction. It is worth noting that 0.6% of females and 0.4% of males declared not feeling attracted to anyone. The vast majority of participants (92%) described themselves as heterosexuals, around 6% homosexuals or bisexuals, slightly under 2% did not know and 0.6% indicated the option other. About one female in nine reported a sexual dysfunction. Among males, 17.5% indicated premature ejaculation and the same percentage erectile dysfunction, although only 0.6% declared it to be moderate or severe. There was an important difference in lifetime unwanted sexual experiences and in having ever been victim of sexual assault or abuse between females and males, with females largely outnumbering males. Two females out of every 5 (40%) and 8% of males had received the HPV vaccine. However, it is worth noting that half of males and over one-fifth of females did not know whether they had been vaccinated. Almost half of females had ever used emergency contraception and close to two-fifths of males reported their partner having ever used it. Respondents indicating that they (or their partner) used emergency contraception as their main contraception method were very few. Males outnumbered females in online sexual activity. Almost 3 out of 4 reported having already sent a sexy text-only message without photo, a sexy photo and / or a video of themselves. On the other end, almost 80% of participants had already received such messages. There were no gender differences for these two actions. However, 22% reported having already forwarded such messages to other persons without consent. In this case, males were overrepresented. 1 SUMMARY 12 RAISONS DE SANTÉ 291 Males were slightly more likely than females to have received something or obtained an advantage in exchange of sexual intercourse, but it remained a small minority. On the contrary, males clearly outnumbered females in ever giving something or offering an advantage in exchange of sexual intercourse. 1.4 Conclusions Overall, youth in Switzerland report a healthy sexuality. However, young people being active on online sex need to be further analyzed regarding both the frequency of this practice and the potential risk they incur in. Unfortunately, women continue to be overrepresented in the cases of unwanted sexual experiences and sexual abuse. Contrary to popular belief, sexual dysfunctions are relatively common among young people. There is a sizeable percentage of youth who have exchanged sexual favors for money, goods or services, who have had sexual relationships while intoxicated or group sex. Reliable contraceptive / protective use is the norm in this age group and it varies from first to last intercourse. Male condom and hormonal contraception are the most used by far. Emergency contraception is a clear option in cases when

In all age groups until 29 years old, there were more men than women in Russia as of January 1, 2024. After that age, the female population outnumbered the male population in each category. The most represented age group in the country was from 35 to 39 years old, with approximately 6.5 million women and 6.3 million men. Male-to-female ratio in Russia The number of men in Russia was historically lower than the number of women, which was a result of population losses during World War I and World War II. In 1950, in the age category from 25 to 29 years, 68 men were recorded per 100 women in the Soviet Union. In today’s Russia, the female-to-male ratio in the same age group reached 976 women per 1,000 men. Russia has the highest life expectancy gender gap The World Health Organization estimated the average life expectancy of women across the world at over five years longer than men. In Russia, this gap between genders exceeded 10 years. According to the study “Burden of disease in Russia, 1980-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” Russia had the highest gender difference in life expectancy worldwide.

There are more women than men in Germany, although the number of men has been slowly increasing in recent years, especially since 2015. In 2023, there were around **** million males and **** million females in Germany. Births and deaths Globally, the death rate had been slowly decreasing until 2019 but there was a sharp spike in 2020 and 2021, which can be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. The general decline, however, is probably due to medical advancements which mean that many diseases are now treatable or curable, that were not 50 years ago. The birth rate has also been decreasing across the world, but it is lowest in Europe and North America. Future challenges There are a number of challenges facing the German population in the future. Some of the most pressing ones are the growing urban population and especially its ageing structure in combination with slow birth rates, which will put increased pressure on the pension system. Because of this trend, old age security and pensions are already today in the top ten most pressing political issues in Germany.

The gender or sex ratio in China has been a contentious issue since the introduction of the one-child policy in 1979, intended to limit the population of the country. Although the policy is no longer in place, the population gender difference throughout the country is still evident. In 2023, fifteen to nineteen-year-old children had the largest gender disparity of 115.3 males to every 100 females. Gender imbalance While the difference of gender at birth has been decreasing in the country over the past decade, China still boasts the world’s most skewed sex ratio at birth at around 110 males born for every 100 females as of 2023. That means there are about 31 million more men in the country than women. This imbalance likely came from the country’s traditional preference for male children to continue the family lineage, in combination with the population control policies enforced. Where does that leave the population? The surplus of young, single men across the country poses a risk for China in many different socio-economic areas. Some of the roll-on effects include males overrepresenting specific labor markets, savings rates increasing, consumption reducing and violent crime increasing across the country. However, the adult mortality rate in China, that is, the probability of a 15-year-old dying before reaching age 60, was significantly higher for men than for women. For the Chinese population over 60 years of age, the gender ratio is in favor of women, with more females outliving their male counterparts.

In 1950, when Estonia's population was estimated at 1.1 million people, approximately 57 percent of the population was female, while 43 percent was male; this equated to a difference of more than 160,000 people. In the past century, as with many former-Soviet states, Estonia has consistently had one of the most disproportionate gender ratios in the world. The reason for this was due to the large number of men who were killed in wars during the first half of the twentieth century, which was particularly high across the Soviet Union, as well as a much higher life expectancy among women. The difference in the number of men and women in Estonia has gradually decreased over the past seven decades, but in 2020, there are still 70,000 more females than males, in a population of 1.3 million people; this equates to total shares of roughly 53 percent and 47 percent of the total population respectively.

In 2023, female motorists accounted for just over half of all licensed drivers in the United States, with around 120.1 million female licensees compared to 117.6 million male licensees. The total number of licensed drivers stood at around 237.7 million. Fewer younger drivers The share of young drivers in the driving population fell significantly between 2010 and 2020. Under 20-year-olds accounted for about 3.8 percent of total license-holders in 2019, down to under 3.7 percent in 2020. The reason for this is being put to the increased number of drivers in other age cohorts, and also the rising costs of car insurance, which is highest for young male drivers. The rise in insurance premiums on young men should not come as a surprise, as young men are more likely than any other demographic to die at the wheel. Non-binary gender options Some federal states issue third gender identities. License-holders can choose between three options: M, F, and X. However, even if more and more states are to accommodate non-binary gender identities, this has yet to become included in national statistics.

In 2024, the female population in France amounted to more than ** million. Like most of other European countries, France has a female population larger than its male population. Female population in France According to the source, the female population in France has been increasing since 2004. That year, there were more than ** million women in France, compared to **** million ten years later. Surprisingly, the total number of male births has always been higher than the total number of female births. However, life expectancy in the country is higher for women, and the proportion between men and women in France appears to stabilize over time. Women live longer than men Studies have shown that the life expectancy at birth is higher for females than for males. In 2023, a baby boy born in France had a life expectancy of 80 years, while it reached **** years for a baby girl. In Europe, as well as in France, the life expectancy gap between men and women is a consistent trend. Health issues and a riskier lifestyle could explain why women outlive men. In 2018, Madrid was the European city where both men and women had the longest life expectancy. It reached **** years for females and **** for males.

From 1821 until 2011, the male and female populations of the 26 counties of the modern-day Republic of Ireland grew at a relatively similar rate, however some fluctuations did occur. During this time, the entire island of Ireland was a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, after both islands were united by the Acts of Union in 1800. This graph shows the populations of the 26 counties that would later form the Republic of Ireland in 1921, and does not include the six counties that became known as Northern Ireland.

As we can see, both populations follow a relatively similar trend throughout their respective histories. In the first three entries, women outnumber men by 70,000 to 120,000, although these figures do not include military personnel which would narrow this margin. Both populations fall at a similar rate during and after the famine, however the male population does fall slightly faster, possibly due to an increased rate of emigration among males. Another point where both populations differ is in the early twentieth century, where the female population declines in a relatively smooth curve, although the male populations peak in the census data before and after both world wars. From 1956 onwards both populations follow a very similar trend, and grow at the same rate. The difference in population sizes never exceeds 30,000 people, until the final entry in 2011 where the population of men is 2.27 million and the population of women is 2.31 million.