According to a survey of practicing physicians in various countries worldwide, physicians in the United States have the highest overall income with approximately 353,000 U.S. dollars. Second highest on the list, surveyed Canadian physicians were paid on average 273,000 U.S. dollars. In all surveyed countries, female physicians earned consistently less than their male counterparts.

According to a survey of practicing physicians in various countries, female physicians generally had lower salaries than their male counterparts. The average male physician in the United States earned 386,000 U.S. dollars while female doctors were paid just 300,000 U.S. dollars. In terms of percentage, the pay gap was widest in Portugal, where male doctors earned over 60 percent more than female doctors.

According to a survey of practicing physicians in various countries, male specialists had higher salaries than female specialists, with male specialist physicians in the United States earning 372,000 U.S. dollars and females earning 280,000 U.S. dollars. This statistic shows the salaries of specialist physicians in select countries worldwide in 2019, by gender.

In a survey of practicing physicians in various countries worldwide, around half of U.S. physicians felt fairly compensated, while just one in five physicians in the UK said so. While the average compensation of surveyed physicians play a large part. Cost of living, working conditions, work-life balance and many more factors also influence whether physicians feel they are compensated fairly or not.

On average, doctors in Russia earned approximately 113,600 Russian rubles per month in 2023. In Moscow, the figure was significantly higher, measuring at roughly 204,100 Russian rubles. The mid-level medical staff across the country received around 55,000 Russian rubles per month, which was below the average salary in Russia.

The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuous programme of cross-national collaboration running annual surveys on topics important for the social sciences. The programme started in 1984 with four founding members - Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States – and has now grown to almost 50 member countries from all over the world. As the surveys are designed for replication, they can be used for both, cross-national and cross-time comparisons. Each ISSP module focuses on a specific topic, which is repeated in regular time intervals. Please, consult the documentation for details on how the national ISSP surveys are fielded. The present study focuses on questions about individual health and the health care system.

ISSP Health and Health Care I-II cumulates the data of the integrated data files of • ISSP 2011 (ZA5800 Data file Version 3.0.0, https://doi.org/10.4232/1.12252) and • ISSP 2021 (ZA8000 Data file Version 2.0.0, https://doi.org/10.4232/5.ZA8000.2.0.0). It comprises data from all ISSP member countries participating in at least two Health and Health Care modules. The data set contains: • Cumulated topic-related (substantial) variables, which appear in at least two Health and Health Care and • background variables, mostly covering demographics, which appear in at least two Health and Health Care modules.
Satisfaction with life (happiness); confidence in the national health care system; justification for better healthcare for people with higher incomes; agreement with various statements on the healthcare system (People use health care services more than necessary, the government should provide only limited health care services, in general, the health care system in the country is inefficient); willingness to pay higher taxes to improve the level of health care for all people in the country; attitude towards the access to publicly funded health care for people without citizenship of the country and even if they behave in ways that damage their health; opinion on causes why people suffer from severe health problems (because they behaved in ways that damaged their health, because of the environment they are exposed to at work or where they live, because of their genes, because they are poor); alternative/ traditional or folk medicine provides better solutions for health problems than mainstream/ Western traditional medicine; assessment of doctors in general in the country (doctors can be trusted, the medical skills of doctors are not as good as they should be, doctors care more about their earnings than about their patients); frequency of difficulties with work or household activities because of health problems, bodily aches or pains, unhappiness and depression, loss of self-confidence and insuperable problems in the past four weeks; frequency of visits to/ by a doctor and an alternative/ traditional/ folk health care practitioner during the past 12 months; reasons why the respondent did not receive needed medical treatment (could not pay for it, could not take the time off work or because of other commitments, the waiting list was too long); likelihood of getting the best treatment available in the country in the case of seriously illness; satisfaction with the health care system in the country; satisfaction with treatment at the last visit to a doctor and to an alternative health care practitioner; smoker status and number of smoked cigarettes per day; frequency of drinking four or more alcoholic drinks on the same day, of strenuous physical activity for at least 20 minutes, and of eating fresh fruit or vegetables; assessment of personal health status; respondent has a long-standing illness, a chronic condition, or a disability; respondent’s height (in cm) and weight (in kg); kind of personal health insurance.

Demography: sex; age; years of birth; legal partnership status; steady life partner; education: years of schooling; highest education level; currently, formerly, or never in paid work (respondent and partner); employment relationship (respondent and partner); current employment status (respondent and partner); hours worked weekly (respondent and partner); occupation (ISCO 2008) (respondent and partner); supervising function at work (respondent and partner); number of other employees supervised; type of organization: for-profit vs. non-profit and public vs. private; trade union membership; household size; number of children above school entry age in household; number of children below school age in household; party affiliation (left-right); participation in last election; attendance of religious services; religious main groups (derived); Top Bottom self-placement; subjective social class; place of living urban – rural; household income groups (derived); country specific region.

Additionally coded: ID number of respondent; unique cumulation respondent ID number; Case substitution flag; date of interview (year, month, day); ISSP Module year; country; country...

The lack of medical services in West Africa represents a serious issue in sanitary emergency. As of April 2020, different West African countries counted less than a doctor every 10,000 inhabitants. Especially, Sierra Leone had three physicians per 100,000 individuals, the lowest density of medical doctors in West Africa. Moreover, Burkina Faso was estimated to have only 11 ventilators in the whole country for a population of almost 20 million people.

The average number of doctors across the OECD countries in 2019 equaled to 35 per 10,000 inhabitants. The member countries of OECD are mostly high-income countries, whereas Nigeria is an emerging economy and it belongs to countries with lower middle-incomes.

General health care services and long-term care for elderly people. Undeclared work. EU relations with neighbouring countries. EU development aid. Attitude towards the design of the euro.

Topics: 1. General health care services and long-term care for elderly people (only in EU27, HR, TR): limited activities due to physical or mental handicap in the last six months; significant permanent difficulty with regard to doing selected activities; assessment of the quality of the following health care services in the own country: hospitals, dental care, medical or surgical specialists, family doctors or general practitioners, care services for dependent people, nursing homes; availability and accessibility of the aforementioned services; affordability of the aforementioned services; no use of the aforementioned services due to lack of access or availability or due to costs; best options for elderly parents who can no longer live alone; attitude towards the following statements on the care of elderly: public authorities should provide appropriate services, general insurance scheme to finance care, use proceeds from sale or borrowing own house or flat to finance care, obligation of children to pay for parents, obligation of close relatives to care, income for people who care for relatives, possibility of support from professional carers on special occasions; personal experience with long-term care in the last ten years; appropriateness of long-term care; kind of personal involvement; place of residence of person in need; payments for care of own parents; percentage of household income already paid or expected to be paid for parents’ care; already given up work or expected to do so to care for parents; expectation to become dependent oneself; concern about becoming dependent; expected appropriateness of help; expected and preferred way of help; most likely source of payment for personal care; reasons for not receiving appropriate help; recommended frequency of medical check-ups and personal frequency; applicability of the following characteristics to the respondent: smoker, overweight, no exercise, unhealthy food, too much alcohol, living in noisy environment, heavily polluted environment, stress at work, stress in personal relations; assumed extension of life expectancy by avoiding some of the aforementioned criteria; assumed personal life expectancy; discussions with selected kinds of people about personal care preferences: partner, children, parents, other relatives, family doctor or general practitioner, social worker or care provider; personal measures already taken or planning to take: save money or take out insurance, adapt own home or move to a suitable home, visit care institutions or professional carers, speak to doctor or social services, speak to partner or other close persons; attitude towards the following statements on the care of dependent elderly people: have to rely too much on relatives, professional care at home is available at affordable cost, institutions offer insufficient standards of care, professional care staff is doing excellent job, many dependent people become victims of abuse; assessment of the extent of care deficiency with regard to elderly people in the own country; assessment of the risk for elderly people in the own country to become exposed to: poor living conditions, insufficient attention to physical needs, inadequate care, psychological abuse, abuse of property, physical abuse, sexual abuse; most likely kind of person to carry out poor treatment; most important ways with regard to prevent neglect; number of own children; child who lives nearest to respondent and distance; age of mother and father; place of residence of mother and father.

1. Undeclared work (only in EU27): estimated share of the population in the own country doing undeclared work; acquaintance doing undeclared work; estimated risk of detection; sanctions to be expected; most likely gender to carry out undeclared work; most likely groups of persons to carry out undeclared work: unemployed, self-employed, pensioners, full-time employees, part-time employees, students, illegal immigrants; general reasons for doing undeclared work; service or goods acquired in the last twelve months assumed to be undeclared; kind of acquired services or goods; value of the most important acquired service or good coming from undeclared work in the last twelve months; seller of good or service; reasons for buying undeclared; assumed purchase of...

Among OECD member countries, the United States had the highest percentage of gross domestic product spent on health care as of 2023. The U.S. spent nearly ** percent of its GDP on health care services. Germany, France and Japan followed the U.S. with distinctly smaller percentages. The United States had both significantly higher private and public spending on health compared with other developed countries. Why compare OECD countries?OECD stands for Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. It is an economic organization consisting of ** members, mostly high-income countries and committed to democratic principles and market economy. This makes OECD statistics more comparable than statistics of developed and undeveloped countries. Health economics is an important matter for the OECD, even more since increasing health costs and an aging population have become an issue for many developed countries. Health costs in the U.S.  A higher GDP share spent on health care does not automatically lead to a better functioning health system. In the case of the U.S., high spending is mainly because of higher costs and prices, not due to higher utilization. For example, physicians’ salaries are much higher in the U.S. than in other comparable countries. A doctor in the U.S. earns almost twice as much as the average physician in Germany. Pharmaceutical spending per capita is also distinctly higher in the United States. Furthermore, the U.S. also spends more on health administrative costs compare to other wealthy countries.

In 2023, U.S. national health expenditure as a share of its gross domestic product (GDP) reached 17.6 percent, this was an increase on the previous year. The United States has the highest health spending based on GDP share among developed countries. Both public and private health spending in the U.S. is much higher than other developed countries. Why the U.S. pays so much moreWhile private health spending in Canada stays at around three percent and in Germany under two percent of the gross domestic product, it is nearly nine percent in the United States. Another reason for high costs can be found in physicians’ salaries, which are much higher in the U.S. than in other wealthy countries. A general practitioner in the U.S. earns nearly twice as much as the average physician in other high-income countries. Additionally, medicine spending per capita is also significantly higher in the United States. Finally, inflated health care administration costs are another of the predominant factors which make health care spending in the U.S. out of proportion. It is important to state that Americans do not pay more because they have a higher health care utilization, but mainly because of higher prices. Expected developmentsBy 2031, it is expected that health care spending in the U.S. will reach nearly one fifth of the nation’s gross domestic product. Or in dollar-terms, health care expenditures will accumulate to about seven trillion U.S. dollars in total.

In 2023, the value of direct premiums earned by the medical professional liability insurance market in the United States was highest in the state of New York. At that time, direct premiums earned in New York amounted to over 1.6 billion U.S. dollars. This was followed by the state of California, wherein direct premiums earned amounted to a value of approximately 900 million U.S. dollars. In Washington, the federal capital of the United States, medical liability insurance direct premiums earned were valued at just over 208 million U.S. dollars.