According to a survey of practicing physicians in various countries worldwide, physicians in the United States have the highest overall income with approximately 353,000 U.S. dollars. Second highest on the list, surveyed Canadian physicians were paid on average 273,000 U.S. dollars. In all surveyed countries, female physicians earned consistently less than their male counterparts.

According to a survey of practicing physicians in various countries, female physicians generally had lower salaries than their male counterparts. The average male physician in the United States earned 386,000 U.S. dollars while female doctors were paid just 300,000 U.S. dollars. In terms of percentage, the pay gap was widest in Portugal, where male doctors earned over 60 percent more than female doctors.

According to a survey of practicing physicians in various countries, male specialists had higher salaries than female specialists, with male specialist physicians in the United States earning 372,000 U.S. dollars and females earning 280,000 U.S. dollars. This statistic shows the salaries of specialist physicians in select countries worldwide in 2019, by gender.

In a survey of practicing physicians in various countries worldwide, around half of U.S. physicians felt fairly compensated, while just one in five physicians in the UK said so. While the average compensation of surveyed physicians play a large part. Cost of living, working conditions, work-life balance and many more factors also influence whether physicians feel they are compensated fairly or not.

Orthopedic doctors and surgeons earn on average 558 thousand U.S. dollars annually. This makes Orthopedic doctors and surgeons the most well-compensated physicians in the United States as of 2024, followed by plastic surgeons. Plastic surgeons were, by far, the highest earning physicians in the U.S. in 2023. An orthopedic physician specializes in injuries and diseases involving bones, muscles, joints, nerves and other parts of the musculoskeletal system.

Physician salary

Although orthopedic doctors and surgeons have the highest average annual salary, from 2023 to 2024 their compensation actually decreased by 3 percent. In comparison, compensation for physicians specialized in physical medicine and rehabilitation increased 11 percent during this time, while plastic surgeons saw the largest decrease of 13 percent. The region with the highest annual compensation for physicians was West North Central in 2024, with physicians earning some 404 thousand U.S. dollars in this region.

Characteristics of U.S. physicians

There are currently around 29.2 active physicians per 10,000 people in the U.S. Around 29 percent of physicians in the U.S. are aged between 56 and 65 years, while only 11 percent are 35 years or younger. The vast majority of physicians are employed by hospitals or groups and work an average of 51 hours per week.

BackgroundE-health has the potential to promote health accessibility, performance and cost-saving. However, the adoption and penetration of e-health in underprivileged areas remains insufficient. We aim to investigate patients’ and doctors’ perception, acceptance, and utilization of e-health in a rural, spatially isolated and poverty-stricken county in southwestern China.MethodsA retrospective analysis based on a cross-sectional survey of patients and doctors in 2016 was conducted. Participants were recruited through convenience and purposive sampling, and questionnaires were self-designed and validated by investigators. The utilization, intention to use and preference of four e-health services were evaluated, including e-appointment, e-consultation, online drug purchase, and telemedicine. Predictors of utilization and intention to use e-health services were investigated by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 485 patients were included. The utilization rate of any type of e-health services was 29.9%, ranging from 6% in telemedicine to 18% in e-consultation. Additionally, 13.9%-30.3% of respondents as non-users revealed their willingness to use such services. Users and potential users of e-health services were inclined to specialized care from county, city or province hospitals, and they were most concerned with the quality, ease of use and price of e-health service. Patients’ utilization and intention to use e-health could be associated with education and income level, cohabitants, working location, previous medical utilization, and access to digital device and internet. There remained 53.9%-78.3% of respondents reluctant to use e-health services, mainly due to perceived inability to use them. Of 212 doctors, 58% and 28% had provided online consultation and telemedicine before, and over 80% of county-hospital doctors (including actual providers) indicated their willingness to provide such services. Reliability, quality and ease of use were doctors’ major concerns regarding e-health. Doctors’ actual provision of e-health was predicted by their professional title, number of years in work, satisfaction with the wage incentive system, and self-rated health. Nevertheless, their willingness to adopt was only associated with the possession of smartphone.ConclusionsE-health is still in its infancy in western and rural China, where health resources are most scarce, and where e-health could prove most beneficial. Our study reveals the wide gaps between patients’ low usage and their certain willingness to use e-health, as well as gaps between patients’ moderate attention to use and physician’s high preparedness to adopt e-health. Patients’ and doctors’ perceptions, needs, expectations, and concerns should be recognized and considered to promote the development of e-health in these underprivileged regions.

This dataset contains search strategies adapted to Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), Web of Science, and LILACS. When executed in their respective databases, these strategies retrieve articles on cesarean sections which also contain terms indicating non-physicians, and which also indicate a country on the World Bank's list of Low to Middle Income Countries (as of Jan 2022). The date indicated in this description is the date the searches were performed (search date). The notes field contains the full MEDLINE (Ovid) search strategy, with result numbers removed. Result numbers are included in the rtf files.

This statistic depicts the physicians density worldwide as of 2013, distributed by income group. The average number of physicians per 10,000 inhabitants of the low income class stood at 2.5 as of that year.

Background: Studies around the world have shown that interactions between pharmaceutical companies, pharmacists and physicians have a great influence on prescribing and drug dispensing practices. In middle-income countries, the nature and extent of these interactions have not been well researched. Our objectives were to qualitatively explore the nature of the interactions between pharmaceutical companies, physicians and pharmacists, their impact on drug prescription and dispensing practices in Lebanon. Methods and Findings: We used grounded theory approach as well as the known sponsor, purposive, and snowballing sampling strategies to identify interviewees from the three respective groups: physicians, pharmacists, and pharmaceutical representatives. We conducted semi-structured and analyzed transcripts thematically. 6 pharmaceutical representatives, 13 physicians and 13 pharmacists participated in the study. The following themes emerged: purpose and driver for the interactions, nature of the interactions, incentives, impact on prescription practices, ethical considerations, and suggestions for managing the interactions. The main purposes for the interaction were educational, promotional, and monitoring prescription practices and dispensing, while the main drivers for these interactions were market potential and neighborhood socio-economic status. Physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives who engage in these interactions benefit from a variety of incentives, some of which were characterized as unethical. It appears that pharmaceutical companies give prominence to selected physicians within their communities. Although members of the three interviewed groups refer to some of the interactions as being problematic, they described a culture of acceptance of gift giving. We developed a framework that depicts the prevailing politico-cultural environment, the interactions between the three professional groups, and their impact on drug prescription. Underreporting is the main limitation of this study. Conclusion: Interactions between physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives are frequent. Although these interactions can be beneficial, they still have a substantial effect on drug prescription and dispensing practices. Hence, the need for new policies that regulate these interactions and penalize any misconduct.

The lack of medical services in West Africa represents a serious issue in sanitary emergency. As of April 2020, different West African countries counted less than a doctor every 10,000 inhabitants. Especially, Sierra Leone had three physicians per 100,000 individuals, the lowest density of medical doctors in West Africa. Moreover, Burkina Faso was estimated to have only 11 ventilators in the whole country for a population of almost 20 million people.

The average number of doctors across the OECD countries in 2019 equaled to 35 per 10,000 inhabitants. The member countries of OECD are mostly high-income countries, whereas Nigeria is an emerging economy and it belongs to countries with lower middle-incomes.

GP Earnings and Expenses Estimates 2020/21 presents earnings and expenses information for full and part-time GPs working in the UK as either a contractor or salaried GP during the 2020/21 financial year. The findings in this report are based upon anonymised tax data from HM Revenue and Customs' Self Assessment tax records and cover both NHS/Health Service and private income. Earnings and expenses information is published for contractor, salaried and combined (contractor and salaried) GPs at country level, with a regional breakdown where available. Figures are also given by contract type for GPs working under a General Medical Services (GMS) or a Primary Medical Services (PMS) contract as well as combined (GPMS). The report is primarily used as evidence in remuneration negotiations and by the Review Body for Doctors' and Dentists' Remuneration (DDRB). It has been agreed by the Technical Steering Committee (TSC), which is chaired by NHS Digital and has representation from the four UK Health Departments, NHS England and, representing the interests of GPs, the British Medical Association. The first cases of COVID-19 in the UK were confirmed late January 2020 and the first UK-wide lockdown was announced in March 2020. Differing but similar arrangements were put in place across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to support general practice during this period with the focus being managing the pandemic. Practices also played a role to varying degrees across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland in their respective vaccination programmes which may have impacted practice income. The pandemic is also likely to have impacted on expenses incurred during this period. Details can be found in the results chapters for each country and the Interpreting Results sections of this publication.

Summary of physicians’ attitudes towards COVID-19 (N = 399).

The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuous programme of cross-national collaboration running annual surveys on topics important for the social sciences. The programme started in 1984 with four founding members - Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States – and has now grown to almost 50 member countries from all over the world. As the surveys are designed for replication, they can be used for both, cross-national and cross-time comparisons. Each ISSP module focuses on a specific topic, which is repeated in regular time intervals. Please, consult the documentation for details on how the national ISSP surveys are fielded. The present study focuses on questions about individual health and the health care system.
Satisfaction with life (happiness); confidence in the educational system and the health system of the country; changes of health care system is needed; justification of better medical supply and better education for people with higher incomes; assessment of the health care system of the country (scale: estimation of improvement of the health care system, usage of health care services more than necessary, government should provide only basic health care services, inefficient health care system); willingness to pay higher taxes to improve the level of health care for all people in the country; attitude towards public funding of: preventive medical checkups, treatment of HIV/AIDS, programs to prevent obesity and conduct organ transplants; attitude towards the access to publicly funded health care for people without citizenship of the country and even if they behave in ways that damage their health; estimated part of people without access to the health care system; causes of severe health problems (behavior that damages health, environment, genes, poverty); evaluation of patients for smoking habits, age and the presence of young children for a needed heart operation; attitude towards alternative (traditional or folk) medicine (provides better solutions for health problems than conventional medicine, promises more than it is able to deliver); assessment of doctors in general in the country (scale: doctors can be trusted, discuss all treatment options with their patients, poor medical skills, more care about their earnings than about their patients, openness in dealing with mistakes during treatment); frequency of difficulties with work or household activities because of health problems, bodily aches or pains, unhappiness and depression, loss of self-confidence and insuperable problems in the past four weeks; frequency of doctor visits and of visiting an alternative (traditional/folk) health care practitioner during the past twelve months; stay in hospital or a clinic as an in-patient overnight during the last year; reasons why the respondent did not receive needed medical treatment (could not pay for it, could not take the time off work or because of other commitments, needed treatment was not available at the place of residence, too long waiting list); likelihood of getting the best treatment available in the country in the case of seriously illness and of treatment from the doctor of own choice; satisfaction with the health care system in the country; satisfaction with treatment at the last visit to a doctor, when attending alternative health care practitioner and with the last hospital stay; number of smoked cigarettes per day; frequency of drinking four or more alcoholic drinks on the same day, strenuous physical activity and of eating fresh fruit or vegetables; assessment of personal health; respondent has a long-standing illness, a chronic condition or a disability; height and weight of respondent; kind of personal health insurance; only respondents with health insurance: assessment of personal health insurance coverage.

Optional items: personal health insurance covers the prescribed drugs, dental health care and in-patient health care in hospital; need of a referral from the family doctor before visiting a medical specialist; limitation of social activities with family or friends because of health problems.

Demography: Sex; age; year of birth; years in school; education (country specific); highest completed degree; work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; number of employees; supervision of employees; number of supervised employees; type of organization: for-profit vs. non profit and public vs. private; occupation (ISCO-88); main employment status; living in steady partnership; union membership; religious affiliation or denomination (country specific); groups of religious denominations; attendance of religious services; top-bottom self-placement; vote in last general election; country specific party voted in last general election; party voted (left-right); ethnicity (country specific); number of children; number of toddlers; size of household; earnings of respondent (country specific); family income (country specific); marital status;...

Prevalence and factors associated with diagnosis by qualified medical doctors among people with the diagnosis of hypertension, Bangladesh 2017–18.

Expected provider in the ED.

As of September 2024, there were a total of 566,404 specialty physicians active in the United States. Of these, most were specialized in emergency medicine. Physician compensation Significant pay variations exist across specialties and regions, with orthopedic doctors and surgeons command the highest average annual salaries at 558,000 U.S. dollars. Meanwhile, the West North Central area offers the highest average physician compensation at 404,000 U.S. dollars annually. This region's higher pay likely stems from lower physician density in rural areas, creating less competition. Interestingly, doctors in Northeastern and Southwestern parts of the United States tend to earn less than their counterparts in other regions. Burnout among physicians Despite high salaries, U.S. physicians face high workload and stress in the workplace. Nearly half of surveyed doctors reported feeling burnout, with higher burnout rates among female doctors, younger physicians, and those in primary care compared to their counterparts. More effort to combat burnout is needed in the healthcare system. Increasing compensation was cited by physicians as the top measure to alleviate burnout, followed by adding support staff and offering more flexible schedules.

The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce density as one of 6 core indicators for monitoring universal access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care. Using Nepal as a case study, we explored the capacity of a generalist workforce (led by a family physician or MD general practitioner and non-physician anaesthetist) to enable effective surgical delivery through task-shifting. Using a multiple-methods approach, we retrospectively mapped essential surgical care and the enabling environment for surgery in 39 hospitals in 25 remote districts in Nepal and compared it with LCoGS indicators. All 25 districts performed surgery, 21 performed Caesarean section (CS), and 5 met at least 50% of district CS needs. Generalist surgical teams performed CS, the essential major operation at the district level, and very few laparotomies, but no operative orthopaedics. The density of specialist Surgeon/Anaesthesiologist/Obstetrician (SAO) was 0·4/100,000; that of Generalist teams (gSAO) led by a family physician (MD General Practitioners-MDGP) supported by non-physician anaesthetists was eight times higher at 3·1/100,000. gSAO presence was positively associated with a two-fold increase in CS availability. All surgical rates were well below LCoGS targets. 46% of hospitals had adequate enabling environments for surgery, 28% had functioning anaesthesia machines, and 75% had blood transfusion services. Despite very low SAO density, and often inadequate enabling environment, surgery can be done in remote districts. gSAO teams led by family physicians are providing essential surgery, with CS the commonest major operation. gSAO density is eight times higher than specialists and they can undertake more complex operations than just CS alone. These family physician-led functional teams are providing a pathway to effective surgical coverage in remote Nepal.

General health care services and long-term care for elderly people. Undeclared work. EU relations with neighbouring countries. EU development aid. Attitude towards the design of the euro.

Topics: 1. General health care services and long-term care for elderly people (only in EU27, HR, TR): limited activities due to physical or mental handicap in the last six months; significant permanent difficulty with regard to doing selected activities; assessment of the quality of the following health care services in the own country: hospitals, dental care, medical or surgical specialists, family doctors or general practitioners, care services for dependent people, nursing homes; availability and accessibility of the aforementioned services; affordability of the aforementioned services; no use of the aforementioned services due to lack of access or availability or due to costs; best options for elderly parents who can no longer live alone; attitude towards the following statements on the care of elderly: public authorities should provide appropriate services, general insurance scheme to finance care, use proceeds from sale or borrowing own house or flat to finance care, obligation of children to pay for parents, obligation of close relatives to care, income for people who care for relatives, possibility of support from professional carers on special occasions; personal experience with long-term care in the last ten years; appropriateness of long-term care; kind of personal involvement; place of residence of person in need; payments for care of own parents; percentage of household income already paid or expected to be paid for parents’ care; already given up work or expected to do so to care for parents; expectation to become dependent oneself; concern about becoming dependent; expected appropriateness of help; expected and preferred way of help; most likely source of payment for personal care; reasons for not receiving appropriate help; recommended frequency of medical check-ups and personal frequency; applicability of the following characteristics to the respondent: smoker, overweight, no exercise, unhealthy food, too much alcohol, living in noisy environment, heavily polluted environment, stress at work, stress in personal relations; assumed extension of life expectancy by avoiding some of the aforementioned criteria; assumed personal life expectancy; discussions with selected kinds of people about personal care preferences: partner, children, parents, other relatives, family doctor or general practitioner, social worker or care provider; personal measures already taken or planning to take: save money or take out insurance, adapt own home or move to a suitable home, visit care institutions or professional carers, speak to doctor or social services, speak to partner or other close persons; attitude towards the following statements on the care of dependent elderly people: have to rely too much on relatives, professional care at home is available at affordable cost, institutions offer insufficient standards of care, professional care staff is doing excellent job, many dependent people become victims of abuse; assessment of the extent of care deficiency with regard to elderly people in the own country; assessment of the risk for elderly people in the own country to become exposed to: poor living conditions, insufficient attention to physical needs, inadequate care, psychological abuse, abuse of property, physical abuse, sexual abuse; most likely kind of person to carry out poor treatment; most important ways with regard to prevent neglect; number of own children; child who lives nearest to respondent and distance; age of mother and father; place of residence of mother and father.

1. Undeclared work (only in EU27): estimated share of the population in the own country doing undeclared work; acquaintance doing undeclared work; estimated risk of detection; sanctions to be expected; most likely gender to carry out undeclared work; most likely groups of persons to carry out undeclared work: unemployed, self-employed, pensioners, full-time employees, part-time employees, students, illegal immigrants; general reasons for doing undeclared work; service or goods acquired in the last twelve months assumed to be undeclared; kind of acquired services or goods; value of the most important acquired service or good coming from undeclared work in the last twelve months; seller of good or service; reasons for buying undeclared; assumed purchase of...

Summary of thematic analysis of physicians’ experiences with COVID-19 (N = 389).

Sources of information (N = 399).