The Global Human Footprint dataset of the Last of the Wild Project, version 2, 2005 (LWPv2) is the Human Influence Index (HII) normalized by biome and realm. The HII is a global dataset of 1 km grid cells, created from nine global data layers covering human population pressure (population density), human land use and infraestructure (built-up areas, nighttime lights, land use/land cover) and human access (coastlines, roads, navigable rivers).The Human Footprint Index (HF) map, expresses as a percentage the relative human influence in each terrestrial biome. HF values from 0 to 100. A value of zero represents the least influence -the "most wild" part of the biome with value of 100 representing the most influence (least wild) part of the biome.

This dataset comprises interviews conducted between 2016 and 2018 with health service users, health professionals and health system managers in the Municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. The interviews focused in particular on the primary health care services covering two of the poorest sub-municipal districts, Cidade Tiradentes and Sapopemba. The Unequal Voices project – Vozes Desiguais in Portuguese – aimed to strengthen the evidence base on the politics of accountability for health equity via multi-level case studies of health systems in Brazil and Mozambique. The project examined the trajectories of change in the political context and in patterns of health inequalities in Brazil and Mozambique, and carried out four case studies to compare the operation of different accountability regimes across the two countries and between different areas within each country. The case studies tracked shifts in accountability relationships among managers, providers and citizens and changes in health system performance, in order to arrive at a better understanding of what works for different poor and marginalised groups in different contexts. In each country the research team studied one urban location with competitive politics and a high level of economic inequality and one rural location where the population as a whole has been politically marginalised and under-provided with services. Health inequities - that is, inequalities in health which result from social, economic or political factors and unfairly disadvantage the poor and marginalised - are trapping millions of people in poverty. Unless they are tackled, the effort to fulfill the promise of universal health coverage as part of the fairer world envisaged in the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals may lead to more waste and unfairness, because new health services and resources will fail to reach the people who need them most. In Mozambique, for example, the gap in infant mortality between the best-performing and worst-performing areas actually increased between 1997 and 2008, despite improvements in health indicators for the country as a whole. However, while many low- and middle-income countries are failing to translate economic growth into better health services for the poorest, some - including Brazil - stand out as having taken determined and effective action. One key factor that differentiates a strong performer like Brazil from a relatively weak performer like Mozambique is accountability politics: the formal and informal relationships of oversight and control that ensure that health system managers and service providers deliver for the poorest rather than excluding them. Since the mid-1990s, Brazil has transformed health policy to try to ensure that the poorest people and places are covered by basic services. This shift was driven by many factors: by a strong social movement calling for the right to health; by political competition as politicians realised that improving health care for the poor won them votes; by changes to health service contracting that changed the incentives for local governments and other providers to ensure that services reached the poor; and by mass participation that ensured citizen voice in decisions on health priority-setting and citizen oversight of services. However, these factors did not work equally well for all groups of citizens, and some - notably the country's indigenous peoples - continue to lag behind the population as a whole in terms of improved health outcomes. This project is designed to address the ESRC-DFID call's key cross-cutting issue of structural inequalities, and its core research question "what political and institutional conditions are associated with effective poverty reduction and development, and what can domestic and external actors do to promote these conditions?", by comparing the dimensions of accountability politics across Brazil and Mozambique and between different areas within each country. As Mozambique and Brazil seek to implement similar policies to improve service delivery, in each country the research team will examine one urban location with competitive politics and a high level of economic inequality and one rural location where the population as a whole has been politically marginalised and under-provided with services, looking at changes in power relationships among managers, providers and citizens and at changes in health system performance, in order to arrive at a better understanding of what works for different poor and marginalised groups in different contexts. As two Portuguese-speaking countries that have increasingly close economic, political and policy links, Brazil and Mozambique are also well-placed to benefit from exchanges of experience and mutual learning of the kind that Brazil is seeking to promote through its South-South Cooperation programmes. The project will support this mutual learning process by working closely with Brazilian and Mozambican organisations that are engaged in efforts to promote social accountability through the use of community scorecards and through strengthening health oversight committees, and link these efforts with wider networks working on participation and health equity across Southern Africa and beyond. This dataset comprises interviews conducted between 2016 and 2018 with health service users, health professionals and health system managers in the Municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. Interviewee sampling was purposive and made use of snowballing. The interviews focused in particular on the primary health care services covering two of the poorest suprefeituras (sub-municipal districts), Cidade Tiradentes and Sapopemba. The dataset includes a mix of transcripts and summary notes from individual and group interviews. All material is in Portuguese.

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) characterized the COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, as a pandemic on March 11, while the exponential increase in the number of cases was risking to overwhelm health systems around the world with a demand for ICU beds far above the existing capacity, with regions of Italy being prominent examples.

Brazil recorded the first case of SARS-CoV-2 on February 26, and the virus transmission evolved from imported cases only, to local and finally community transmission very rapidly, with the federal government declaring nationwide community transmission on March 20.

Until March 27, the state of São Paulo had recorded 1,223 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with 68 related deaths, while the county of São Paulo, with a population of approximately 12 million people and where Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein is located, had 477 confirmed cases and 30 associated death, as of March 23. Both the state and the county of São Paulo decided to establish quarantine and social distancing measures, that will be enforced at least until early April, in an effort to slow the virus spread.

One of the motivations for this challenge is the fact that in the context of an overwhelmed health system with the possible limitation to perform tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, testing every case would be impractical and tests results could be delayed even if only a target subpopulation would be tested.

Dataset

This dataset contains anonymized data from patients seen at the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, at São Paulo, Brazil, and who had samples collected to perform the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and additional laboratory tests during a visit to the hospital.

All data were anonymized following the best international practices and recommendations. All clinical data were standardized to have a mean of zero and a unit standard deviation.

Task Details

TASK 1 • Predict confirmed COVID-19 cases among suspected cases. Based on the results of laboratory tests commonly collected for a suspected COVID-19 case during a visit to the emergency room, would it be possible to predict the test result for SARS-Cov-2 (positive/negative)?

TASK 2 • Predict admission to general ward, semi-intensive unit or intensive care unit among confirmed COVID-19 cases. Based on the results of laboratory tests commonly collected among confirmed COVID-19 cases during a visit to the emergency room, would it be possible to predict which patients will need to be admitted to a general ward, semi-intensive unit or intensive care unit?

Expected Submission

Submit a notebook that implements the full lifecycle of data preparation, model creation and evaluation. Feel free to use this dataset plus any other data you have available. Since this is not a formal competition, you're not submitting a single submission file, but rather your whole approach to building a model.

Evaluation

This is not a formal competition, so we won't measure the results strictly against a given validation set using a strict metric. Rather, what we'd like to see is a well-defined process to build a model that can deliver decent results (evaluated by yourself).

Our team will be looking at: 1. Model Performance - How well does the model perform on the real data? Can it be generalized over time? Can it be applied to other scenarios? Was it overfit? 2. Data Preparation - How well was the data analysed prior to feeding it into the model? Are there any useful visualisations? Does the reader learn any new techniques through this submission? A great entry will be informative, thought provoking, and fresh all at the same time. 3. Documentation - Are your code, and notebook, and additional data sources well documented so a reader can understand what you did? Are your sources clearly cited? A high quality analysis should be concise and clear at each step so the rationale is easy to follow and the process is reproducible.

Questions and More Info

Additional questions and clarifications can be obtained at data4u@einstein.br

Answers to most voted questions

Missing data

Decision making by health care professionals is a complex process, when physicians see a patient for the first time with an acute complaint (e.g., recent onset of fever and respiratory symptoms) they will take a medical history, perform a physical examination, and will base their decisions on this information. To order or not laboratory tests, and which ones to order, is among these decisions, and there is no standard set of tests that are ordered to every individual or to a specific condition. This will depend on the complaints, the findings on the physical examination, personal medical history (e.g., current and prior diagnosed diseases, medications under use, prior surgeries, vaccination), lifestyle habits (e.g., smoking, alcohol use, exercising), family medical history, and prior exposures (e.g., traveling, occupation). The dataset reflects the complexity of decision making during routine clinical care, as opposed to what happens on a more controlled research setting, and data sparsity is, therefore, expected.

Variables in addition to laboratory results

We understand that clinical and exposure data, in addition to the laboratory results, are invaluable information to be added to the models, but at this moment they are not available.

Additional laboratory variables

A main objective of this challenge is to develop a generalizable model that could be useful during routine clinical care, and although which laboratory exams are ordered can vary for different individuals, even with the same condition, we aimed at including laboratory tests more commonly order during a visit to the emergency room. So, if you found some additional laboratory test that was not included, it is because it was not considered as commonly order in this situation.

Our message to all participants

Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein would like to thank you for all the effort and time dedicated to this challenge, the community interest and the number of contributions have surpassed our expectations, and we are extremely satisfied with the results.

These have been challenging times, and we believe that promoting information sharing and collaboration will be crucial to gain insights, as fast as possible, that could help to implement measures to diminish the burden of COVID-19.

The multitude of solutions presented focusing on different aspects of the problem could represent a valuable resource in the evaluation of different strategies to implement predictive models for COVID-19. Besides the data visualization methods employed could make it easier for multidisciplinary teams to collaborate around COVID-19 real-world data.

Although this was not a competition, we would like to highlight some solutions, based on the community and our review of results.

Lucas Moda (https://www.kaggle.com/lukmoda/covid-19-optimizing-recall-with-smote) utilized interesting data visualization methods for the interpretability of models. Fellipe Gomes (https://www.kaggle.com/gomes555/task2-covid-19-admission-ac-94-sens-0-92-auc-0-96) used concise descriptions of the data and model results. We saw interesting ideas for visualizing and understanding the data, like the dendrogram used by CaesarLupum (https://www.kaggle.com/caesarlupum/brazil-against-the-advance-of-covid-19). Ossamu (https://www.kaggle.com/ossamum/eda-and-feat-import-recall-0-95-roc-auc-0-61) also sought to evaluate several data resampling techniques, to verify how it can improve the performance of predictive models, which was also done by Kaike Reis (https://www.kaggle.com/kaikewreis/a-second-end-to-end-solution-for-covid-19) . Jairo Freitas & Christian Espinoza (https://www.kaggle.com/jairofreitas/covid-19-influence-of-exams-in-recall-precision) sought to understand the distribution of exams regarding the outcomes of task 2, to support the decisions to be made in the construction of predictive models.

We thank you all for the feedback on available data, helping to show its potential, and taking the challenge of dealing with real data feed. Your efforts let the feeling that it is possible to build good predictive models in real life healthcare settings.

The data collection was based on multimodal data from individuals performing activities of daily living. It considered inertial data from wearable devices, RGB and depth videos, as well as data from environmental sensors. All participants were adults without incapacitant physical or cognitive disabilities. The experiments were performed at the Robotic Assisted Living Testbed (RALT), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Campus. A TIAGo robot, manufactured by Pal Robotics, was placed at the corner of the kitchen of the smart home, and recorded RGB and depth videos, while inertial sensors were placed at the participant's wrist and waist to record its movements. The recordings also included ambient sensors, i.e., switches at the cupboards and drawers, current measurements and presence detectors. All data was synchronised, in order to allow experiments on multimodal human activity recognition. The activities considered were "making a cup of tea", "making a sandwich...

Background: In Brazil, secondary data for epidemiology are largely available. However, they are insufficiently prepared for use in research, even when it comes to structured data since they were often designed for other purposes. To date, few publications focus on the process of preparing secondary data. The present findings can help in orienting future research projects that are based on secondary data.Objective: Describe the steps in the process of ensuring the adequacy of a secondary data set for a specific use and to identify the challenges of this process.Methods: The present study is qualitative and reports methodological issues about secondary data use. The study material was comprised of 6,059,454 live births and 73,735 infant death records from 2004 to 2013 of children whose mothers resided in the State of São Paulo - Brazil. The challenges and description of the procedures to ensure data adequacy were undertaken in 6 steps: (1) problem understanding, (2) resource planning, (3) data understanding, (4) data preparation, (5) data validation and (6) data distribution. For each step, procedures, and challenges encountered, and the actions to cope with them and partial results were described. To identify the most labor-intensive tasks in this process, the steps were assessed by adding the number of procedures, challenges, and coping actions. The highest values were assumed to indicate the most critical steps.Results: In total, 22 procedures and 23 actions were needed to deal with the 27 challenges encountered along the process of ensuring the adequacy of the study material for the intended use. The final product was an organized database for a historical cohort study suitable for the intended use. Data understanding and data preparation were identified as the most critical steps, accounting for about 70% of the challenges observed for data using.Conclusion: Significant challenges were encountered in the process of ensuring the adequacy of secondary health data for research use, mainly in the data understanding and data preparation steps. The use of the described steps to approach structured secondary data and the knowledge of the potential challenges along the process may contribute to planning health research.

Overview

This data set consists of links to social network items for 34 different forensic events that took place between August 14th, 2018 and January 06th, 2021. The majority of the text and images are from Twitter (a minor part is from Flickr, Facebook and Google+), and every video is from YouTube.

Data Collection

We used Social Tracker (https://github.com/MKLab-ITI/mmdemo-dockerized), along with the social medias' APIs, to gather most of the collections. For a minor part, we used Twint (https://github.com/twintproject/twint). In both cases, we provided keywords related to the event to receive the data.

It is important to mention that, in procedures like this one, usually only a small fraction of the collected data is in fact related to the event and useful for a further forensic analysis.

Content

We have data from 34 events, and for each of them we provide the files:

items_full.csv: It contains links to any social media post that was collected.

images.csv: Enlists the images collected. In some files there is a field called "ItemUrl", that refers to the social network post (e.g., a tweet) that mentions that media.

video.csv: Urls of YouTube videos that were gathered about the event.

video_tweet.csv: This file contains IDs of tweets and IDs of YouTube videos. A tweet whose ID is in this file has a video in its content. In turn, the link of a Youtube video whose ID is in this file was mentioned by at least one collected tweet. Only two collections have this file.

description.txt: Contains some standard information about the event, and possibly some comments about any specific issue related to it.

In fact, most of the collections do not have all the files above. Such an issue is due to changes in our collection procedure throughout the time of this work.

Events

We divided the events into six groups. They are,

1. Fire

• Devastating fire is the main issue of the event, therefore most of the informative pictures show flames or burned constructions

• 14 Events

2. Collapse

• Most of the relevant images depict collapsed buildings, bridges, etc. (not caused by fire).

• 5 Events

3. Shooting

• Likely images of guns and police officers. Few or no destruction of the environment.

• 5 Events

4. Demonstration

• Plethora of people on the streets. Possibly some problem took place on that, but in most cases the demonstration is the actual event.

• 7 Events

5. Collision

• Traffic collision. Pictures of damaged vehicles on an urban landscape. Possibly there are images with victims on the street.

• 1 Event

6. Flood

• Events that range from fierce rain to a tsunami. Many pictures depict water.

• 2 Events

We enlist the events in the file recod-ai-events-dataset-list.pdf

Media Content

Due to the terms of use from the social networks, we do not make publicly available the texts, images and videos that were collected. However, we can provide some extra piece of media content related to one (or more) events by contacting the authors.

Funding

DéjàVu thematic project, São Paulo Research Foundation (grants 2017/12646-3, 2018/18264-8 and 2020/02241-9)

INTRODUCTION: The public and private health care in the city of São Paulo has no data on tinnitus prevalence.OBJECTIVE: Determine tinnitus prevalence in São Paulo city.STUDY DESIGN: Series study.METHODS: Cross-sectional study by field questionnaire with 1960 interviews. Predictor variables included gender, age, tinnitus.RESULTS: The prevalence of tinnitus was 22%. It affects more women (26%) than men (17%) and increases with advancing age. Approximately one third of cases (32%) assert that they have constant tinnitus (i.e., "ringing"), while most describe intermittent tinnitus (68%). The majority (64%) reported feeling annoyed, while others (36%) denied any annoyance. Among women, the occurrence of an annoying tinnitus was significantly higher (73%) than among men (50%). The percentages were: mildly annoying (11%), moderately annoying (55%), and severely annoying (34%). Tinnitus interferes with daily activities in 18% of those reporting to be annoyed.CONCLUSION: The population in the city of São Paulo suffering from tinnitus was more prevalent than previously estimated. Generally, it affects more women and those without occupation, and increases significantly with age. Most respondents described the tinnitus as annoying, and this was more prevalent in females. The degree of discomfort measured by a Visual Analogue Scale showed moderate tinnitus, with responses averaging 6.3.

Unemployment Rate in Brazil decreased to 5.80 percent in June from 6.20 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Brazil Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

An estimated 61% of the 24.3 million people diagnosed with dementia worldwide live in underdeveloped countries, including Brazil, where a public healthcare system covers the majority of the population. This care is usually provided by General Practitioners (GP) and in Brazil many doctors recently graduated from medical school and residents of different medical specialties practice as GPs. Objective : The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge and attitudes about dementia in a sample of Brazilian medical residents from a university-hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods : A total of 152 Brazilian medical residents participated in the study. Participants answered a "Knowledge Quiz" (KQ) and "Attitude Quiz" (AQ) about dementia issues, transculturally adapted for use in Brazilian physicians. A descriptive analysis of the correct answers on knowledge and of the attitude aspects was performed. Results : The medical residents showed poor knowledge (<50%) about dementia prevalence and incidence and a good knowledge on disease management and diagnosis. Participants tended to be optimistic about caring for demented patients. Conclusion : In this study, it is likely that the physicians' good knowledge about dementia issues is the reason for their optimism dealing with demented patients.

The Waterproofing Data project explored how to build communities’ resilience to flooding, by engaging them in the process of generating the data used to predict when floods will occur. The project team developed a functional citizen-science mobile app prototype and a model school curriculum, which has been successfully co-produced and trialled with more than 300 students from over 20 schools and civil protection agencies of five Brazilian states (Acre, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Santa Catarina and Sao Paulo). The app and curriculum enabled the communities involved to democratise flood data, raise awareness of flood risks, and co-design new initiatives to reduce disaster risks to communities. Aiming to understand better the impact of our project, we gathered further quantitative evidence of improvement of knowledge about floods through an evaluation survey with school students and community resident volunteers after our data generation activities using the mobile app. This data set compiles the answers to an evaluation survey aiming at evaluating the knowledge improvement about floods derived from the Waterproofing Data Project. The data groups questions in 8 groups that cover flooding aspects related to housing, neighbourhoods, communication, and flooding features. Our analysis indicates the positive impact of data generation activities on the flood risk knowledge of participants. We analysed the group of users before (baseline, n=292) and after they participated in data generation activities (treatment, n=216). The percentage of participants who declared to have “sufficient”, “good” or “very good” flood risk knowledge after our pedagogical intervention (48%) was higher than before their participation (32%) and this difference was statistically significant (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, p < 0.0005, effect size, r = 0.324). No significant change has been observed in a control group of non-participants. The questionnaire and answers are written in Portuguese. This dataset is complementary data for our publication “Dialogic data innovations for sustainability transformations and flood resilience: The case for waterproofing data” available here https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102730Waterproofing Data investigates the governance of water-related risks, with a focus on social and cultural aspects of data practices. Typically, data flows up from local levels to scientific "centres of expertise", and then flood-related alerts and interventions flow back down through local governments and into communities. Rethinking how flood-related data is produced, and how it flows, can help build sustainable, flood resilient communities. To this end, this project develops three innovative methods around data practices, across different sites and scales: 1) we will make visible existing flows of flood-related data through tracing data; 2) generate new types of data at the local level by engaging citizens through the creation of multi-modal interfaces, which sense, collect and communicate flood data, and; 3) integrate citizen-generated data with other data using geo-computational techniques. These methodological interventions will transform how flood-related data is produced and flows, creating new governance arrangements between citizens, governments and flood experts and, ultimately, increased community resilience related to floods in vulnerable communities of Sao Paulo and Acre, Brazil. The project will be conducted by a highly skilled international team of researchers with multiple disciplinary backgrounds from Brazil, Germany and the UK, in close partnership with researchers, stakeholders and publics of a multi-site case study on flood risk management in Brazil. Furthermore, the methods and results of this case study will be the basis for a transcultural dialogue with government organisations and local administration involved in flood risk management in Germany and the United Kingdom. Survey population corresponded to residents of the impoverished M’Boi Mirim district in São Paulo, Brazil. In particular, we invited school students and community resident volunteers that a) have contributed to data generation activities using the mobile app or b) have not been part of any project activities. No specific sampling method nor stratification was applied for collecting data. The sample size was 70 subjects.

ABSTRACT Objective Characterize and comparatively analyse the organization of nutritional attention to prenatal care, the puerperium period and breastfeeding, in primary health care, in two municipalities of Baixada Santista, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods This was an exploratory-analytical study of family health units and the mixed basic care units of Cubatão (n=17) and Guarujá (n=14). For this purpose, seven domains of the Nutritional Attention Assessment Instrument in Primary Health Care were used. Descriptive analysis and the Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s chi-square tests were performed. Results In the comparison between the municipalities, the best scores were obtained in Guarujá. Statistically significant differences were found for the following indicators: support for nutritional attention actions: infrastructure and permanent education (<0.001); food and nutritional surveillance (<0.001); nutritional attention focused on prenatal care (<0.001); and nutritional attention focused on postpartum care and breastfeeding (0.012). Nutritional attention actions for mother-infant groups were more frequent in the city of Guarujá, which compared with Cubatão, achieved better scores for the nutritional attention evaluation indicators. Conclusion The municipality of Guarujá had better indicators of infrastructure and permanent education, food and nutrition surveillance, and puerperal and breastfeeding nutritional care. However, weaknesses persist in the organization of nutritional care in the two cities studied, especially regarding the work process.

In order to reconstruct precipitation for the last 3200 years in Northeast Brazil (NEB) region we analyze U/Th ages and oxygen isotopes in four stalagmites of Trapiá (TRA5 and TRA7) and Furna Nova (FN1 and FN2) caves from Rio Grande do Norte state that serve as a faithful proxy for the past location of the southern margin of the ITCZ. Chronological studies on speleothems were based on U–Th geochronology performed at the Laboratories of the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota (USA), and at the Isotope Laboratory of the Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University (China), according to Cheng et al. (2013). Subsamples of around 100 mg were obtained in clear layers, close to the growth axis trying to keep a maximum thickness of 1.5 mm, 10mm wide, and no more than 3mm depth. Age models of speleothem TRA5 and FN2 were based on 12 and 10 U/Th dates, respectively. The FN1 chronology is based on 10 previously published U/Th (Cruz et al., 2009) plus 8 additional new dates obtained for this study. Speleothem TRA7 has 27 U/Th ages (Utida et al., 2020). The U/Th ages are given at the Suplementary material of Utida et al. (2023). The individual age models for all speleothems were constructed by the software COPRA (Breitenbach et al., 2012) through a set of 2000 Monte Carlo simulations, where a random age within the ±1σ age interval was chosen each time. For oxygen and carbon isotope analysis of the speleothems, around 200 μg of powder was drilled for each sample, consecutively at intervals of 0.1mm (TRA5), 0.3mm (TRA7), and 0.15mm (FN2), with a Micromill micro-sampling device. The samples were analyzed in a GasBench interfaced linked to a Thermo Finnigan Delta V Advantage at the Laboratory of Stable Isotopes (LES) at the Geoscience Institute of the University of São Paulo. Isotopes are reported in delta notation (δ18O and δ13C) relative to the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) standard, with uncertainties in the reproducibility of standard materials <0.1 ‰. The isotopic profiles of TRA5, TRA7, FN1, and FN2 stalagmites consist of 443, 885, 1215, and 651 isotope samples, respectively. These datasets provide an average resolution of 1 year per sample for TRA5 and 4 years for the other speleothem records. Complementary results are presented by Utida et al. (2020) (TRA7 δ13C and U/Th results) and by Cruz et al. (2009) (FN1 δ18O and U/Th results) that were produced by using the same methods. The intra-site correlation model (iscam) was used to construct a composite record (Fohlmeister, 2012) by combining the four stalagmites data to obtain a unique age model and oxygen isotopic record. The age–depth modeling software was adjusted to calculate 1000 Monte Carlo simulations, 2000 first-order autoregressive processes (AR1) for each record. The age data were assumed to have a Gaussian distribution and were calculated pointwise. The composite result was detrended and normalized according to the iscam method. The following intervals were removed from the stalagmite records before constructing the RN Composite: FN1 0–12mm and 187–202 mm, FN2 0– 6 mm, TRA5 0–37 mm, and TRA7 222–227 mm. In addition, the FN1 record was divided into two portions: FN1a 12.14– 136.99mm and FN1b 140.15–186.87mm that are separated by a hiatus. The composite calculation rearranges the proxies in order to obtain the optimal calculated age and then calculates the average of the proxy data after normalizing the records.

Overview

Social media platforms have an important role in Brazilian society's polarization. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021), these platforms have a peak of posts about President Bolsonaro's speech and behavior during this period. On the one hand, millions of people support Bolsonaro's attitudes and follow his controversial guidances. On the other hand, a vast number of social media users accuse Bolsonaro of acting against democracy and science.

In this context, this dataset presents the collection of tweets posts and its linked news articles (including all related media) covering two Brazilians’ demonstrations events PRO and AGAINST President Bolsonaro government, during September 7th and October 2nd of 2021.
The dataset contains 4.7M tweets.

Data Collection
We use the library Fake-News Crawler (https://github.com/phillipecardenuto/fakenews-crawler) to collect the tweet posts and related media. For this, we provided keywords related to both events to receive the data during events and following days. For instance, some of the keywords used were ‘7deSet’, ‘BolsonaroAte2026’, ‘VemParaRua’, ‘EleNao’, ‘07EuVou’, ‘SupremoÉOPovo’, 'aculpaédobolsonaro’, ‘2outeuvou’.

Disclaimer: We did not perform any filtering or procedure to assert that all collected data is, in fact, related to the demonstrations; therefore, some of the content of the dataset might not be related to these events.

Content
brazilian_demonstration_events.json: It contains the tweet posts, their metadata (e.g., post time, language), and all related media content URLs (i.e., news article link and media links).

Media Content
Due to the terms of use from the social networks, we do not make publicly available the images and videos that were collected. However, we can provide some extra pieces of media content related to one (or more) events by contacting the authors.

Funding
DéjàVu thematic project, São Paulo Research Foundation (grants 2017/12646-3, 2020/02241-9 and 2020/02211-2)

Although hydrologic models provide hypothesis testing of complex dynamics occurring at catchments, freshwater quality modeling is still incipient at many subtropical headwaters. In Brazil, a few modeling studies assess freshwater nutrients, limiting policies on hydrologic ecosystem services. This paper aims to compare freshwater quality scenarios under different land-use and land-cover (LULC) change, one of them related to ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), in Brazilian headwaters. Using the spatially semidistributed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, nitrate, total phosphorous (TP) and sediment were modeled in catchments ranging from 7.2 to 1037 km². These headwaters were eligible areas of the Brazilian payment for ecosystem services (PES) projects in the Cantareira System, which had supplied water to 9 million people in the Sao Paulo metropolitan region. We considered SWAT modeling of three LULC scenarios: (i) recent past scenario (S1), with historical LULC in 1990; (ii) current land-use scenario (S2), with LULC for the period 2010-2015 with field validation; and (iii) future land-use scenario with PES (S2 + EbA). This latter scenario proposed forest cover restoration through EbA following the river basin plan by 2035. These three LULC scenarios were tested with a selected record of rainfall and evapotranspiration observed in 2006-2014, with the occurrence of extreme droughts. To assess hydrologic services, we proposed the hydrologic service index (HSI), as a new composite metric comparing water pollution levels (WPL) for reference catchments, related to the grey water footprint (greyWF) and water yield. On the one hand, water quality simulations allowed for the regionalization of greyWF at spatial scales under LULC scenarios. According to the critical threshold, HSI identified areas as less or more sustainable catchments. On the other hand, conservation practices simulated through the S2 + EbA scenario envisaged not only additional and viable best management practices (BMP), but also preventive decision-making at the headwaters of water supply systems. Supplement to: Taffarello, Denise; Srinivasan, Raghavan; Mohor, Guilherme Samprogna; Guimarães, João Luis Bittencourt; Calijuri, Maria do Carmo; Mendiondo, Eduardo Mario (2018): Modeling freshwater quality scenarios with ecosystem-based adaptation in the headwaters of the Cantareira system, Brazil. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 22(9), 4699-4723

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk factors can mediate the association between depression and cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in adult individuals with and without histories of major depression in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: This study evaluated 423 individuals without any lifetime diagnosis of major depression and 203 individuals with a previous diagnosis of major depression (n = 626). The participants underwent a psychiatric evaluation using a structured clinical interview (SCID-1), an anthropometric evaluation and a clinical evaluation that included blood pressure measurement and assessment of fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and physical activity levels. RESULTS: Individuals with histories of major depression were more likely to be female (P < 0.0001). Individuals with lifetime diagnoses of major depression were more likely to be current smokers (odds ratio, OR 1.61; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.01-2.59) and to have diabetes (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.01-3.21); and less likely to be obese (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.35-0.94). CONCLUSION: Individuals with major depression had higher odds of presenting tobacco smoking and diabetes, and lower odds of being obese. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of this, so as to increase the rates of diagnosis and treatment in this population.

Objective : To evaluate sociodemographic inequalities in the diet quality of the urban population of the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed using data from a health survey conducted in the city of Campinas in 2008-2009. Diet quality was evaluated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised. A total of 3,382 individuals aged 10 years old and older were analyzed. Results : Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised scores increased with age and education level. Women consumed more vegetables, fruits, and milk, and less sodium, meat and eggs, oils, saturated and solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars than men. Scores for whole grains, vegetables, and fruits also increased with age and education level. Conclusion: These findings point to sociodemographic segments that are more vulnerable to an inappropriate diet and identify the need of strategies to increase the consumption of whole grains, dark green vegetables, fruits, and milk, and decrease the consumption of sodium, solid fats, alcohol, and added sugar.

Abstract Inclusive school has as its motto the full and shared participation of all subjects in the educational process. In this sense, this study aimed to investigate what parents, students and school staff think about the inclusive school theme. The study was carried out in an Elementary School-Cycle I, in the interior of São Paulo, with 179 parents, 204 students and 16 members of the school staff. The data collection involved the application of the "Index for Inclusion" questionnaires, consisting of three dimensions: cultures, policies and practices. The results show a view both of the school staff and of the students and parents more directed to the physical structure of the school, and most of them show satisfaction with regard to human resources and classes. In this sense, there is still a restricted focus on the inclusive process, and a more effective work is necessary with the students, the parents/guardians and the school staff.

INTRODUCTION: Health care networks are critical in assisting the elderly population in several aspects. Home care, the Senior Companion Program [Programa Acompanhante de Idosos] of São Paulo Municipal Health Departament and institutions for the aged compose networks to assist the elderly. It is necessary to analyze how the network is established between these services and features that demand care. OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare home care services, the Senior Companion Program, and institutions for the aged as to possible differences and similarities, user's demand, flow and care management services. METHODS: We carried out a non-exhaustive literature review of national literature published in electronic databases SciELO and LILACS in literary and electronic references in the period from 1997 to 2012. RESULTS: In total, 32 studies were included in the review. It was observed that the served population is predominantly female, with advanced age, and receive multidisciplinary care. Home care services and the Senior Companion Program value the maintenance of family and community as a setting, delaying institutionalization. The presence of the caregiver showed up as one of the most influential factors for the permanence of home care. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the revised services have objectives that address the needs of the elderly. It is expected that the integration of health facilities establish their actions according to the profile of the elderly and characteristics of care offered at each service.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To observe the frequency of occurrence of affections involving the adnexa or the external eye, as well as to describe the demographic profile of patients. Methods: A prospective, population based, randomized study was done in the Midwest region of the state of São Paulo, in the years 2004/2005. Using a Mobile Ophthalmic Unit we evaluated 11,000 people. A comprehensive eye exam was performed. Data were transferred to excel table and for this study we used information relating to annexes and external eye diseases. The frequency of occurrence of the problems detected was statistically analyzed. Results: We identified 1,581(14.4%) disorders in the adnexa or in the external eye. The most common disorders were pterygium (9.4%), hordeolum (0.8%) and changes in eyelid position (1.7%) (ectropion, ptosis and trichiasis). Trauma, ectropion and pterygium were statistically more frequent in the male population. Conclusion: Of the surveyed disorders the most frequent in the population was pterygium, followed by inflammatory changes and alterations in the eyelid position.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To assess the association between the impact of oral health on daily life and sociodemographic variables with oral parameters in adolescents living in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from 5,409 adolescents who participated in the “State Oral Health Survey of São Paulo - OH”, 2015. The impact of oral health on daily life was assessed by the oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) index, prevalence (presence or absence of impact) and severity of impact (OIDP scores). The negative binomial regression model (zeros-inflated) was used, considering the complex sampling and the sample weights. Prevalence ratio (PR), ratio of means (ROM) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: The prevalence of impact was 37.4%. After adjusting for the model, the impact was more prevalent (PR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.22 ‒ 1.81) and more severe (RR = 1.49; 95%CI 1.22 ‒ 1.81) among females. Compared to white-skin people, all remaining groups had a higher prevalence of impact. Among socioeconomic characteristics, family income higher than R$ 2,501 (RR = 0.79; 95%CI 0.64 ‒ 0.98) and household crowding (RR = 1.18; 95%CI 1.00 ‒ 1.39) were associated with the severity of impact. In the oral health conditions, untreated caries (PR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.23 ‒ 1.74) and gingival bleeding (PR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.14 ‒ 1.60) were associated with higher prevalence of impact. Conclusion: Females, non-whites, with untreated caries and gingival bleeding were associated with higher impact of oral health on daily life. Family income higher than R$ 2,500 and living in less crowded households were factors associated with less impact.