Unemployment Rate in the United States decreased to 4.10 percent in June from 4.20 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in China decreased to 5 percent in May from 5.10 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - China Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This paper derives optimal monetary policy rules in setups where certainty equivalence does not hold because either central bank preferences are not quadratic, and/or the aggregate supply relation is nonlinear. Analytical results show that these features lead to sign and size asymmetries, and nonlinearities in the policy rule. Reduced-form estimates indicate that US monetary policy can be characterized by a nonlinear policy rule after 1983, but not before 1979. This finding is consistent with the view that the Fed's inflation preferences during the Volcker-Greenspan regime differ considerably from the ones during the Burns-Miller regime. The file MONTHLY.TXT contains monthly data between 1970.1 and 2000.12 arranged in five columns; the file QUARTERLY.TXT contains quarterly data between 1960.1 and 2000.4 arranged in five columns. The headings OBS, FFRATE, INF, IPI, and UNRATE denote, respectively, the date, Federal Funds rate, CPI inflation rate, Index of Industrial Production, and Unemployment Rate. Additional details can be found the section entitled 3.1 DATA of the paper.

Unemployment Rate in Greece decreased to 7.90 percent in May from 8.30 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Greece Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in Germany remained unchanged at 6.30 percent in June. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Germany Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Kenya’s unemployment rate was 5.43 percent in 2024. This represents a steady decline from the increase after the financial crisis. What is unemployment? The unemployment rate of a country refers to the share of people who want to work but cannot find jobs. This includes workers who have lost jobs and are searching for new ones, workers whose jobs ended due to an economic downturn, and workers for whom there are no jobs because the labor supply in their industry is larger than the number of jobs available. Different statistics suggest which factors contribute to the overall unemployment rate. The Kenyan context The first type, so-called “search unemployment”, is hardest to see in the data. The closest proxy is Kenya’s inflation rate. As workers take new jobs faster, employers are forced to increase wages, leading to higher employment. Jobs lost due to economic downturns, called “cyclical unemployment”, can be seen by decreases in the GDP growth rate, which are not significant in Kenya. Finally, “structural unemployment” refers to workers changing the industry, or even economic sector, in which they are working. In Kenya, more and more workers switch to the services sector. This is often a result of urbanization, but any structural shift in the economy’s composition can lead to this unemployment.

Unemployment Rate in Italy increased to 6.50 percent in May from 6.10 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Italy Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in Brazil decreased to 6.20 percent in May from 6.60 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Brazil Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This dataset covers ballots 396-407 spanning January-December 1977. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 396 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the Federal budget and other important political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as who should pay for child care; pollution and inflation. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: a balanced Federal budget; changing the standard of living; the dangers of pollution; giving workers the right to strike; whether or not the government should pay for child care; the government's handing of the economy; the growing Separatist movement; interest in politics; the opinions about Rene Levesque; pollution in the community; the seriousness of pollution; and the success of fighting inflation. Basic demographic variables are also included. 397 - February This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. Topics of interest include: whether the U.S. and Canada have succeeded in clearing the Great Lakes of pollution; political refugee centres; relaxing requirements for the entry of political refugees; gun permits; community council spending; the political engagement of unions; Trudeau or Clark for prime minister; secession of Quebec; sharing of power between the federal government and the provinces; and voting behavior. Basic demographic variables are also included. 398 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as inflation; rising prices and whether or not there should be smoking in restaurants. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: the government's anti-inflation program; increasing racial intolerance; knowing the horoscope signs; the minimum amount of income a family needs; problems facing Canada; reading astrology columns; reasons for increasing racial intolerance; rising prices; smoking in restaurants; the successfulness of family life; taxing church property; and the treatment of criminals by the courts. Basic demographic variables are also included. 399 - April This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the Federal budget and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the effect of T.V violence; divorce and business conditions. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the business conditions in the community; continuing anti-inflation controls; dividing assets equally in a divorce; the effects of the Federal budget on family finances; the effect of T.V. on children's aggression levels; favouring Quebec Separation; how interesting a respondents job is; making marijuana illegal; and whether or not wages are rising as the standard of living does. Basic demographic variables are also included. 400 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on various political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the impact of organized religion; homosexual rights and the Queen's visit. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: attending church; deposits on drinking bottles/cans; the difficulty of filling out tax returns; Ed Broadbent's impact on the NDP; improving English-French relations; handling unemployment; the impact of organized religion on life; Joe Clark's impact on the PC party; learning French in schools; opinions about Trudeau as a member of the Liberal party; protecting homosexual rights; the possibility of the Queen extending her visit; and vacation plans. Basic demographic variables are also included. 401 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on various political and other current issues. Topics of interest include: opinion of the federal government and their handling of price and wage control, national unity, pensions, cost of living; onion of the Prime Minister; whether prices or income will rise more; food spending; human rights, i.e. freedom of speech and religion, freedom from fear or want; political leanings, the best and worst thing about living in Canada; union membership; the most important problem facing the country; the development of a Mackenzie Valley gas pipeline; increase in oil prices; increasing gas shipments to the U.S.; and voting behavior. Basic demographic variables are also included. 402 - July This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions the possibility of Quebec separation, as well as other important political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the effects of smoking, inflation and whether or not to give work to strangers. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canadians buying control of U.S. firms; confidence in United States problem solving; controlling price and income; the effects of smoking on health; giving provinces more power; giving Quebec more power; giving work to strangers; inflation caused by not having wage controls; opinions about capital punishment; plans to quit smoking; the preferred anti-inflation policy; smoking in the last week; supporting Quebec separation; unemployment caused by not having wage controls; and U.S. investments in Canada. Basic demographic variables are also included. 403 - August This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the federal governments rights with information, unions, elections, government employees and homosexuals. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: crime; extramarital sex; homosexual relations; ideal number of children in families; metric system; faith healing; family; unions; government influence on Canadians lives; elections; government employees versus private sector employees. Basic demographic variables are also included. 404 - September This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on mostly social issues. The questions ask opinions about the declining Canadian dollar and the issue of striking within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as the economic conditions, changes in peace of mind and the influence on religion on every day life. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic and political variables. Topics of interest include: the biggest threat to Canada; the causes of the declining Canadian dollar; changes in peace of mind; the degree of difficulty with metric conversions; economic conditions; the effect of the declining Canadian dollar; energy situations in the future; essential workers striking; giving workers the right to strike; improving happiness; improving honesty; improving morals; the influence of religion on life; and the value of services provided. Basic demographic variables are also included. 405 - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the upcoming election and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as self-protective laws, unemployment levels and nuclear power stations. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the amount of unemployment benefits; banning public opinion polls before elections; biased news reporting; the big issues in the next election; Canada becoming a Republic; causes of unemployment; common worries; the government guaranteeing jobs; high school emphasis on basic subjects; increasing nuclear generation; job security; making binding arbitration mandatory; the most accurate media new report; opening a nuclear power station in the community; opinions of self-protective laws; predicted unemployment levels; and the right to French or English education. Basic demographic variables are also included. 406 - November This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and other important political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as airline boycotts; national unity and reasons for inflation. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: the airline boycott of certain countries; the approval of compulsory retirement; approval of Ed Broadbent as the N.D.P. leader; the approval of Joe Clark as the leader of the Opposition; the approval of Trudeau as Prime Minister; Bill 101

This dataset covers ballots 469-71, 473-80, spanning January-March, May-December 1983. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 469-1 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political issues within the country and abroad. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as unemployment, inflation and surrogate motherhood. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing surrogate motherhood; the closeness of UK-Canada relations; the closeness of US-Canada relations; confidence in U.S. problem solving; the effect of unemployment on a family's life; the government's handling of inflation; the government's handling of unemployment; the legal claims to a child produced by surrogate motherhood; the main causes of unemployment; the political party that would best handle unemployment and inflation; recognizing housework as a contributing factor in divorce court; and test-tube babies. Basic demographic variables are also included. 470-1 - February This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and other political issues within the country including tax exemptions and political leadership conferences. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as wage and price controls, pay television and unemployment. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing censorship of television programs; allowing childless couples to get tax exemptions designed for singles; the approval of Broadbent as NDP leader; the approval of Clark as leader of the Conservative party; the approval of Trudeau as Prime Minister; changes in the standard of living; donating vital organs; favouring wage and price controls; favourite NHL team; the importance of Canadian ownership; the level of interest in pay TV subscriptions; making professional boxing legal; the most important problem in Canada; the NHL team that will win the Stanley Cup; opinions about the Progressive Conservatives (PC) since the leadership conference; Progressive Conservative (PC) leadership conference; recession in the future; signing an organ donor card; the success of controlling inflation; trying to curb inflation; trying to curb unemployment; the types of programs most appealing for pay television; and the type of programs that should not be permitted on television. Basic demographic variables are also included. 471-1 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the preferred Progressive Conservative (PC) leader and other political issues within the country and abroad. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the quality of education, alcohol and conscription. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: the amount of influence the U.S.S.R. (Russia) has on the world; confidence in the United States' ability to solve world problems; the cost of education; electing a new leader of the Progressive Conservative (PC) party; favouring conscription for females; favouring conscription for males; making an effort to buy from PetroCan; the minimum amount of income a family needs; the most important task for labour unions; preferred Progressive Conservative (PC) leader; the quality of education; selling PetroCan to the private sector; and using alcoholic beverages. Basic demographic variables are also included. 471-4 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the preferred Progressive Conservative leader and other political issues within the country and abroad; including nuclear war. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the government such as interracial marriages; opportunities for women and child care. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing inmates to get a university education; the approval of inter-racial marriage; the approval of marriage between Catholics and Protestants; the approval of marriage between Jews and Non-Jews; the chances of a third world war due to hostilities between the U.S. and Russia; the chances of women becoming executives; the country that is most likely to start a nuclear war; the credibility of Ronald Reagan's goal to limit nuclear weapons; the credibility of Yuri Andropov's goal to limit nuclear weapons; the future of development in Canada; government spending on child care; government support of companies in crisis; opportunities provided to women; the preferred leader of the Progressive Conservative (PC) party; preferred type of employer; raising funds to pay off the deficit; and women running businesses. Basic demographic variables are also included. 473-1-b - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about what decisions the Prime Minister should make and other political issues within the country, such as separatism. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, including the price of food and drunk drivers. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: attending church; the church's involvement in politics; directing the country towards socialism; the effects of confederation on regions in Canada; the effect of free trade on Canada; the ideal number of children a family should have; the price of food; sending drunk drivers to jail; the strength of separatism in Quebec; the treatment of Aboriginals by the government; whether or not the Prime Minister should encourage courts to be tough on law breakers; whether or not the Prime Minister should encourage foreign investment; whether or not the Prime Minister should expand social welfare; and whether or not the Prime Minister should reduce government spending. Basic demographic variables are also included. 474-1 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about Trudeau as Prime Minister and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as smoking, unemployment and inflation. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the approval of Trudeau as Prime Minister; attending church; being able to retire with a reasonable standard of living; Canada's energy crisis; causes of unemployment; the disapproval of Trudeau as Prime Minister; the emphasis on basis subjects being taught in high school; energy shortages in the future; the future of the economic situation in Canada; the government's policies on inflation; how hard elementary school students work; how hard high school students work; the impact of organized religion on everyday life; the most important problem in Canada; the percentage of Canadians who smoke; plans for retirement; raising the drinking age; retiring with a reasonable standard of living; smoking cigarettes; and unemployment in the future. Basic demographic variables are also included. 475-1 - July This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the Progressive Conservative party and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the chances of nuclear war, cruise missile testing and health care. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing the U.S. to test cruise missiles in Alberta; the amount of U.S. investment in Canada; the approval of a new security intelligence agency; the biggest threat to Canada in the future; buying control of major U.S. firms; chances of a nuclear war; the circumstances when abortions should be legal; community business conditions; the development of a new security intelligence agency; the disapproval of a new security intelligence agency; the impact of having Brain Mulroney as the PC leader; the level of interest in politics; naming the newly elected PC leader; opinions about whether or not Mulroney will win the election; paying for health care; and the satisfaction with the direction that Canada is going. Basic demographic variables are also included. 476-1 - August This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about who would make the best Prime Minister, Quebec separatism and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such the six-five restraint program, the quality of education in high schools and the effects of computers. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing low level offenders to work; approving a shorter work week; approving less pay for a shorter work week; attending the movies; the continuation of the six-five restraint program;

Unemployment Rate in Japan remained unchanged at 2.50 percent in May. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in France increased to 7.40 percent in the first quarter of 2025 from 7.30 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - France Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in Mexico increased to 2.70 percent in May from 2.50 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Mexico Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Pre-election survey investigates reasons for preferences for Richard Nixon or George McGovern for president.Additional questions focus on the economy, inflation, recession, unemployment, Wage-Price Control Board, break-in at Democratic National Headquarters, and legitimacy of wiretapping.

Unemployment Rate in South Africa increased to 32.90 percent in the first quarter of 2025 from 31.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - South Africa Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation Rate in Nigeria decreased to 22.97 percent in May from 23.71 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Nigeria Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Argentina increased to 7.90 percent in the first quarter of 2025 from 6.40 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - Argentina Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Canada decreased to 6.90 percent in June from 7 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Canada Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation Rate in Vietnam increased to 3.57 percent in June from 3.24 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Vietnam Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation Rate in Japan decreased to 3.50 percent in May from 3.60 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.