With over 470 million dogs kept as pets worldwide, dogs came out on top as the leading type of pet in 2018. Within the same year, there were roughly 370 million pet cats in the world.

Pets in the European Union

While dogs were globally speaking the most common type of pet, cats were more common in the European Union in 2018. Roughly 75 million people within this region had a pet cat in 2018, compared to the 65 million pet dogs. That year, Germany had about nine and a half million pet dogs, making it the country with the highest number within the European Union. Other top dog-loving countries included the United Kingdom, Poland, and France.

Other pets in Germany

Besides cats and dogs, Germans had many other household pets in 2018. About five and a half million small pets, such as hamsters and rabbits, were kept by Germans that year. Additionally, about two million households in Germany owned an aquarium and roughly one and a half million households owned a garden pond.

In 2023, the dog population in Europe was measured at approximately **** million, a increase from around ***** million in the previous year. Overall, the number of pet-owning households in Europe was estimated to be around *** million in 2023. Pets in the European Union With a pet population reaching almost ** million in 2023, cats were the most populous animal type in the European Union, followed by dogs and ornamental birds. Other popular pets that year included small mammals, ornamental fish, and pet reptiles. There were approximately *** million pet reptiles in the European Union in 2023. Germany was home to the highest population of pet dogs in the European Union in 2023, at around **** million. Pet retailers in Europe The German pet food company Fressnapf was Europe’s top pet care retailer, with more than 2.1 billion euros in annual turnover in 2019. Fressnapf’s competitors in Europe are prominent pet care retailers such as the United Kingdom’s Pets at Home, the Belgian company Aveve, and the German Futterhaus, amongst others. Pets at Home is the largest pet retailer in the United Kingdom, recording annual revenues exceeding 1.4 billion British pounds in 2023.

This statistic shows the share of pet owners in the population of selected countries all over the world as of 2016. During the survey, ** percent of respondents in Argentina stated they own a dog, while ** percent said they own a cat.

Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are one of the most common pets around the world but ownership patterns and human-dog interactions have been changing, particularly in developing nations. We conducted household surveys in Costa Rica to characterize dog ownership, the owned dog population, where dogs were confined at night and in the morning, and behaviors regarding selected dog care issues. We also compared these results to similar questionnaires used in Costa Rica over the past 20 years. We found 76% of households in Costa Rica owned at least one dog and on average there were about 1.4 dogs owned per household. These dog ownership rates are higher than previous estimates. The probability of owning a dog was highest on farms and lowest in single family dwellings without a yard, higher among respondents that owned their homes and decreasing with increasing human population density The total number of owned dogs in Costa Rica was estimated to be 2,222,032 (95% confidence intervals: 1,981,497–2,503,751). The sterilization rate for homed dogs in 2020 was approximately 62% (females: 67%, males: 61%) which is higher than the 18% of owned dogs that were sterilized in a 2003 survey. Overall, only 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3–2.5%) of owned dogs slept on the street with a slightly higher proportion on the street at 8 am. The number of owned dogs roaming the streets at night nation-wide was estimated to be 27,208 (95% CI: 7,557–56,619) compared to 43,142 (95% CI: 20,118–73,618) on the street at 8 am. The number of unowned free-roaming dogs in Costa Rica has never been estimated but we can generate some idea of the size of the unowned dog population by determining the proportion of free-roaming dogs on the street wearing collars. There was a negative relationship between human population density and owned dogs being on the street meaning fewer dogs roam the streets in highly populated areas compared to less populated areas. Overall, we identify trends against which future progress can be measured and provide information that are critical in designing effective humane dog management programs in Costa Rica in the future.

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine patterns of physical activity in pet dogs using real-world data at a population scale aided by the use of accelerometers and electronic health records (EHRs).MethodsA directed acyclic graph (DAG) was created to capture background knowledge and causal assumptions related to dog activity, and this was used to identify relevant data sources, which included activity data from commercially available accelerometers, and health and patient metadata from the EHRs. Linear mixed models (LMM) were fitted to the number of active minutes following log-transformation with the fixed effects tested based on the variables of interest and the adjustment sets indicated by the DAG.ResultsActivity was recorded on 8,726,606 days for 28,562 dogs with 136,876 associated EHRs, with the median number of activity records per dog being 162 [interquartile range (IQR) 60–390]. The average recorded activity per day of 51 min was much lower than previous estimates of physical activity, and there was wide variation in activity levels from less than 10 to over 600 min per day. Physical activity decreased with age, an effect that was dependent on breed size, whereby there was a greater decline in activity for age as breed size increased. Activity increased with breed size and owner age independently. Activity also varied independently with sex, location, climate, season and day of the week: males were more active than females, and dogs were more active in rural areas, in hot dry or marine climates, in spring, and on weekends.ConclusionAccelerometer-derived activity data gathered from pet dogs living in North America was used to determine associations with both dog and environmental characteristics. Knowledge of these associations could be used to inform daily exercise and caloric requirements for dogs, and how they should be adapted according to individual circumstances.

The understanding of the structure of free-roaming dog populations is of extreme importance for the planning and monitoring of populational control strategies and animal welfare. The methods used to estimate the abundance of this group of dogs are more complex than the ones used with domiciled owned dogs. In this systematic review, we analyze the techniques and the results obtained in studies that seek to estimate the size of free-ranging dog populations. Twenty-six studies were reviewed regarding the quality of execution and their capacity to generate valid estimates. Seven of the eight publications that take a simple count of the animal population did not consider the different probabilities of animal detection; only one study used methods based on distances; twelve relied on capture-recapture models for closed populations without considering heterogeneities in capture probabilities; six studies applied their own methods with different potential and limitations. Potential sources of bias in the studies were related to the inadequate description or implementation of animal capturing or viewing procedures and to inadequacies in the identification and registration of dogs. Thus, there was a predominance of estimates with low validity. Abundance and density estimates carried high variability, and all studies identified a greater number of male dogs. We point to enhancements necessary for the implementation of future studies and to potential updates and revisions to the recommendations of the World Health Organization with respect to the estimation of free-ranging dog populations.

IntroductionUganda ranks among the top ten countries globally for reported dog bites, with an average of 14,865 cases annually, and records an estimated 486 human rabies deaths per year—partly due to the overwhelming number of free-roaming dogs (FRDs). Given that FRDs stem from societal mismanagement, sustainable control strategies must be rooted in meaningful community involvement. However, such community-based data remains largely unavailable in Uganda, hindering efforts to manage the growing FRD population.MethodsWe conducted a structured survey of 3,307 participants split between selected urban and rural areas in Uganda in 2023 to assess public attitudes and perceptions toward FRDs. Respondents were also asked to suggest appropriate control measures. We used chi-square tests to analyze sociodemographic differences and logistic regression to identify factors associated with attitudes toward FRDs.ResultsThe results showed that 81.9% of urban and 64.9% of rural respondents encountered FRDs daily. Attitudes toward FRDs were predominantly negative: 81.8% of respondents considered them a public health threat, and 57.1% viewed them as a nuisance. However, 76.3% also expressed empathy toward roaming dogs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that positive attitudes toward FRDs were associated with having a religious background, higher income, lower education levels, and residence in rural areas. Community-suggested control strategies included sterilization, public education on responsible dog ownership, and, controversially, poisoning.DiscussionThe findings highlight strong community awareness of the FRD issue, particularly as two of the top proposed measures—sterilization and public education—align with the World Organisation for Animal Health’s (WOAH) recommended strategies for managing roaming dog populations. Authorities can leverage the prevailing negative perceptions to design and implement humane, community-supported control strategies. Simultaneously, those who express empathy toward FRDs can be encouraged to translate their concern into proactive measures that reduce roaming behaviour.

This statistic shows the average share of pet ownership worldwide as of 2023, by pet type. Across all surveyed countries, ************* are the most popular pet type around the world.

Echo-Proof Dog Whistle Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global echo-proof dog whistle market size reached USD 184.2 million in 2024, reflecting a robust demand for advanced canine training tools. The market is experiencing a strong growth trajectory with a CAGR of 7.1% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 340.8 million. This impressive growth is primarily driven by the rising awareness of humane dog training techniques, the increasing pet population worldwide, and the growing trend of pet humanization, which encourages owners to invest in high-quality training accessories such as echo-proof dog whistles.

The surge in pet ownership, particularly in urban and suburban regions, is a significant factor fueling the expansion of the echo-proof dog whistle market. As more individuals and families adopt dogs, there is a corresponding rise in demand for training products that are safe, effective, and easy to use. Echo-proof dog whistles, known for their ability to minimize sound reflection and provide clear, consistent signals to dogs, have become essential tools for both novice pet owners and professional trainers. This trend is further amplified by the increasing participation in dog sports and agility training, where precise communication is paramount. The market is also benefiting from the growing inclination towards positive reinforcement training methods, which prioritize non-invasive communication tools over punitive measures.

Technological advancements have played a pivotal role in shaping the echo-proof dog whistle market. Manufacturers are investing in research and development to create products with adjustable frequencies, ergonomic designs, and durable materials that cater to diverse user preferences. The integration of ultrasonic technology, which allows for silent commands audible only to dogs, has particularly gained traction among urban pet owners who seek to minimize noise pollution. Additionally, the proliferation of online retail channels has made it easier for consumers to access a wide variety of dog whistles, compare features, and read user reviews, further propelling market growth. The emphasis on product innovation and customization is expected to sustain the market’s momentum throughout the forecast period.

Regionally, North America remains the dominant market for echo-proof dog whistles, accounting for the largest share in 2024 due to high pet ownership rates, established pet care infrastructure, and a strong culture of animal welfare. Europe follows closely, supported by stringent regulations on humane animal training practices and a growing community of professional dog trainers. The Asia Pacific region is emerging as a lucrative market, driven by rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and increasing awareness about pet care. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing steady growth, albeit from a smaller base, as pet adoption becomes more popular and the availability of advanced training tools expands. The regional dynamics are expected to evolve further as global players increase their footprint and local manufacturers innovate to meet specific market needs.

Product Type Analysis

The product type segment in the echo-proof dog whistle market encompasses adjustable frequency, fixed frequency, ultrasonic, and other specialized variants. Adjustable frequency whistles are gaining significant traction among professional trainers and advanced pet owners, as they allow users to fine-tune the pitch to suit individual dog hearing sensitivities. This flexibility is particularly valuable in multi-dog households or training environments, where different breeds and ages may respond to varying frequencies. The demand for adjustable frequency models is further bolstered by their perceived effectiveness in addressing specific behavioral issues and facilitating nuanced communication during complex training routines. Manufacturers are responding by offering products with easy-to-use adjustment mechanisms and clear frequency markings, enhancing their appeal to both novice and expe

Dog Rear Support Harness Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Dog Rear Support Harness market size was valued at $245 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $498 million by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of 8.2% during the forecast period of 2025–2033. The primary factor propelling this growth is the increasing awareness among pet owners regarding canine mobility issues and the growing emphasis on pet health and rehabilitation. With the rise in pet adoption rates and the aging pet population worldwide, the demand for specialized mobility aids such as dog rear support harnesses is surging. Additionally, advancements in veterinary care and increased owner willingness to invest in animal welfare are further fueling market expansion. The proliferation of e-commerce and online pet care platforms has also made these products more accessible, driving higher adoption rates across both developed and emerging markets.

Regional Outlook

North America commands the largest share of the Dog Rear Support Harness market, accounting for approximately 38% of global revenue in 2024. This dominance is attributed to a mature pet care industry, high disposable incomes, and a strong culture of pet ownership across the United States and Canada. The region also benefits from advanced veterinary healthcare infrastructure and a robust network of pet specialty retailers and veterinary clinics, which facilitate widespread product availability. Favorable regulatory frameworks supporting animal welfare, coupled with the presence of leading market players and continuous product innovation, further solidify North America's leading position in the market. The increasing trend of pet humanization and the willingness of pet owners to invest in premium mobility aids are expected to sustain regional growth throughout the forecast period.

Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing region in the Dog Rear Support Harness market, projected to register a remarkable CAGR of 10.5% from 2025 to 2033. The surge in pet ownership, particularly in urban centers across China, Japan, South Korea, and India, is a significant growth driver. Rising disposable incomes, changing lifestyles, and growing awareness about animal health are encouraging owners to seek advanced mobility solutions for their pets. Furthermore, increased investments by global pet care brands and the expansion of e-commerce platforms are making rear support harnesses more accessible across the region. Governments in some countries are also implementing policies to promote animal welfare, which is expected to further boost market penetration and adoption rates in the coming years.

In emerging economies, such as those in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, the Dog Rear Support Harness market is experiencing gradual but steady growth. However, challenges such as lower awareness levels, limited veterinary infrastructure, and economic constraints can impede widespread adoption. Despite these hurdles, localized demand is rising, particularly in urban areas where pet adoption is increasing and animal welfare policies are being strengthened. Manufacturers are focusing on affordable product ranges and targeted awareness campaigns to tap into these markets. Over time, as veterinary services and pet care education improve, these regions are expected to contribute more significantly to global market growth, especially as regulatory frameworks evolve to support animal mobility and rehabilitation.

Report Scope

The global Pet Dog Food Extrusion market is poised for significant expansion, projected to reach approximately USD 18,500 million by 2025, with an impressive Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.5% during the forecast period of 2025-2033. This robust growth is underpinned by a confluence of factors, chief among them being the escalating humanization of pets, leading owners to prioritize premium, nutrient-rich food options for their canine companions. The increasing awareness of the health benefits associated with extruded dog food, such as improved digestibility, palatability, and the inclusion of essential vitamins and minerals, further fuels market demand. The convenience and shelf-stability offered by extruded products also resonate with busy pet owners. Key drivers include the growing pet population worldwide, particularly in emerging economies, and the continuous innovation in product formulations by leading manufacturers to cater to specific dietary needs, life stages, and breed-specific requirements. The expansion of distribution channels, including e-commerce platforms and specialized pet retail outlets, is also making these products more accessible to a wider consumer base. The market is segmented into various applications, with "Home" consumption anticipated to dominate, reflecting the trend of pets being integrated into family life. "Pet Shops" and "Pet Hospitals" also represent substantial market segments, highlighting the role of professional advice and specialized retail environments in purchasing decisions. In terms of product types, "Complete Diets" are expected to lead the market, as owners increasingly opt for single, balanced food solutions. However, "Treats & Other Complementary Products" are also experiencing steady growth, driven by the desire to reward pets and supplement their diets. Geographically, North America is expected to retain its leading position, driven by a mature pet care market and high disposable incomes. Asia Pacific, however, is projected to exhibit the fastest growth rate, fueled by rising pet ownership and increasing disposable incomes, particularly in countries like China and India. Restraints such as the rising cost of raw materials and increasing competition among players could pose challenges, but ongoing technological advancements in extrusion processes and the development of sustainable sourcing practices are likely to mitigate these concerns, paving the way for sustained market development.

Snapshot img

Pet Insurance Market Size 2025-2029

The pet insurance market size is valued to increase by USD 57.51 billion, at a CAGR of 42.9% from 2024 to 2029. Rising pet population will drive the pet insurance market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

North America dominated the market and accounted for a 65% growth during the forecast period.
By Type - Dogs segment was valued at USD 1.73 billion in 2023
By Application - Accidents and illness segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 1.00 million
Market Future Opportunities: USD 57507.20 million
CAGR from 2024 to 2029 : 42.9%

Market Summary

The market is experiencing significant growth due to the rising pet population and increasing adoption of business development strategies among insurers. According to recent studies, the number of pet owners worldwide is projected to reach 2.2 billion by 2025, creating a vast opportunity for the pet insurance industry. This trend is driven by the growing awareness of pet health and wellness, as well as the increasing affordability of pet insurance. However, pet insurance policies come with several exclusions and limits. Common exclusions include pre-existing conditions, certain breeds, and age-related issues. These limitations can pose challenges for pet owners and insurers alike.
For instance, a pet insurer may need to optimize its underwriting process to accurately assess risk and price policies accordingly. This could involve implementing advanced data analytics tools or partnering with veterinary clinics to gather more accurate health data. One real-world scenario illustrates the importance of operational efficiency in the market. A leading pet insurer implemented a predictive analytics solution to analyze claims data and identify potential fraud. This resulted in a 25% reduction in fraudulent claims, leading to significant cost savings and improved compliance with regulatory requirements. By leveraging data-driven insights, this insurer was able to maintain a competitive edge in the market while ensuring the financial security of its policyholders.

What will be the Size of the Pet Insurance Market during the forecast period?

Get Key Insights on Market Forecast (PDF) Request Free Sample

How is the Pet Insurance Market Segmented ?

The pet insurance industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Dogs
  Cats
  Others


Application

  Accidents and illness
  Accidents only
  Others


Channel

  Direct sales
  Broker or agency
  Bancassurance


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    Egypt
    KSA
    Oman
    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Argentina
    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The dogs segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

In recent years, the market has experienced significant growth, fueled by the increasing number of pet owners seeking financial protection against escalating veterinary costs. Comprehensive coverage options now include preventive care plans, breed-specific policies, and various forms of illness and accident insurance for pets. According to the North American Pet Health Insurance Association, cancer treatment is a leading cause of pet medical expenses, affecting nearly half of dogs over the age of 10, as stated by the Veterinary Cancer Society. This statistic underscores the importance of pet insurance, especially for older animals. Policies may offer coverage for routine vaccinations, end-of-life care, pre-existing conditions, and even alternative medicine.

Customer service, policy deductibles, and claims processing times are crucial factors in pet insurance comparisons. Additionally, coverage limits, surgery cost reimbursement, and prescription medication coverage are essential considerations. Pet hospitalization insurance, behavioral health coverage, and chronic condition coverage are also available. Waiting periods and routine wellness exams are common policy features. Pet insurance premiums may vary based on age, breed, and location. Provider network access, claims submission process, and reimbursement limits are other essential factors to evaluate.

Request Free Sample

The Dogs segment was valued at USD 1.73 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Request Free Sample

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 65% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the

Weighted Dog Bowl Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global weighted dog bowl market size reached USD 420 million in 2024, with a robust CAGR of 6.2% expected through the forecast period. This steady growth is driven by the increasing awareness among pet owners regarding the health and behavioral benefits of weighted dog bowls. By 2033, the market is projected to attain a value of USD 726 million, reflecting the rising demand for innovative pet care products and a growing pet population worldwide. As per our latest analysis, the market is witnessing continuous innovation in materials and design, catering to the evolving needs of both pets and their owners.

The growth of the weighted dog bowl market can be attributed to several key factors, foremost among them being the rising pet adoption rates globally. With more households considering pets as integral family members, there is an increased focus on their health, comfort, and well-being. Weighted dog bowls have gained traction due to their ability to prevent tipping and spillage, which not only keeps feeding areas cleaner but also ensures that dogs, especially those with medical or behavioral challenges, can eat comfortably and safely. Furthermore, pet owners are becoming more educated about the importance of proper feeding accessories, which has translated into higher demand for premium and specialized products such as weighted dog bowls.

Another significant growth driver is the surge in disposable income and changing consumer lifestyles, particularly in urban areas. As pet owners allocate more resources to pet care, there is a marked shift towards purchasing high-quality, durable, and aesthetically pleasing products. Weighted dog bowls, available in various materials like stainless steel, ceramic, and BPA-free plastic, are perceived as both functional and stylish. The integration of modern design elements and customizable options has enhanced the appeal of these products, further propelling market growth. Additionally, the proliferation of pet care centers, veterinary clinics, and specialty pet stores has expanded the accessibility of weighted dog bowls, allowing consumers to make informed choices based on their pets' specific needs.

Technological advancements and product innovation also play a crucial role in the expansion of the weighted dog bowl market. Manufacturers are leveraging new materials and ergonomic designs to create bowls that cater to different dog breeds, sizes, and health requirements. For instance, the development of anti-skid bases, antimicrobial coatings, and dishwasher-safe materials has significantly improved product usability and hygiene. The growing influence of e-commerce and digital marketing has further accelerated market penetration, as consumers can easily compare products, read reviews, and make purchases from the comfort of their homes. This digital transformation has enabled smaller brands to compete with established players, fostering a dynamic and competitive market environment.

In addition to weighted dog bowls, the concept of a Slow Feeder Bowl has been gaining traction among pet owners who are concerned about their dogs' eating habits. Slow feeder bowls are designed with ridges or obstacles that encourage dogs to eat more slowly, which can help prevent issues such as bloating, indigestion, and obesity. These bowls are particularly beneficial for dogs that tend to gulp down their food too quickly, as they promote healthier eating patterns and improve digestion. The integration of slow feeder features into weighted dog bowls is becoming a popular trend, offering a dual solution for pet owners seeking to enhance their pets' feeding experience.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the weighted dog bowl market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and Asia Pacific. The high pet ownership rates, coupled with a strong culture of pet humanization and well-established distribution networks, contribute to the region's leadership. However, Asia Pacific is emerging as a lucrative market, driven by increasing urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and a growing awareness of pet health and wellness. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also experiencing gradual growth, supported by expanding retail infrastructure and heightened pet care awa

Breed Heterozygosity vs Dog Intelligence

Exploring Correlations in Dog Behavior

By len fishman [source]

About this dataset

This dataset contains information on the heterozygosity and population of 85 different dog breeds as well as the intelligence levels of these breeds as determined by Stanley Coren, a professor of canine psychology at the University of British Columbia. With this dataset, we can examine how breed heterozygosity has any correlation to obedience and abilities to grasp new commands. The data on obedience provides insight into how obedient each breed is likely to be with a probability score that reflects their rate in obeying their first command when given, while the data on repetitions explains how many times it takes for each breed to learn a new command. With this knowledge, researchers are able to analyze different characteristics between breeds and gain valuable insight into their potential behaviors before adoption

More Datasets

For more datasets, click here.

Featured Notebooks

• 🚨 Your notebook can be here! 🚨!

How to use the dataset

This dataset is designed to analyze the relationship between dog intelligence and breed heterozygosity. The data contains information on the expected level of heterozygosity of 85 different breeds, based on population size and measured in parts per 10,000 as well as the probability that each breed will obey a given command when first commanded, and an upper/lower limit range for repetitions required for each breed to understand new commands.

To use this dataset, consider the type of analysis you would like to undertake. If you are interested in the average intelligence of different dog breeds compared with their heterozygosity, compare both intelligence level and heterozygosity levels directly. If you want to explore correlations between intelligence measures such as obedience rate versus repetitions needed for understanding new commands or how much more or less intelligent a breed may be at certain levels of heterozygosity - create scatter plots showcasing these comparisons.

To draw insights from this dataset about whether there is some kind of biological benefit from higher population sizes OR if having a larger “gene pool” offers any kind of advantage when it comes to measuring dog-intelligence - review statistics derived from comparing varying levels of Breed Heterozygosities (x10-4) across intelligences measures using t-Tests or Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA).

Finally use statistical techniques such as regressions models to predict what type/level/mixture breed Heterozysgocity might result in what type/level/mixture dog intelligences?

Research Ideas

• Analyzing the correlation between dog intelligence and breed heterozygosity to determine if there is a relationship between them.
• Examining the different levels of breed obedience by breed as measured by Coren's metrics in order to identify breeds which are particularly amenable to or difficult to train.
• Using the dataset to develop predictive models that can be used for population estimates, since increased heterozygosity may suggest higher mutation rates, which could be important for understanding population variations over time or in response to environmental stressors

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

License: Dataset copyright by authors - You are free to: - Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. - Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. - You must: - Give appropriate credit - Provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. - ShareAlike - You must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. - Keep intact - all notices that refer to this license, including copyright notices.

Columns

File: Table_5_Expected_Heterozygosity_60_breeds.csv | Column name | Description | |:---------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Breed | The name of the breed. (String) | | Heterozygosity (x10-4) | The degree of genetic diversity of a breed, measured in parts per 10,000. (Float) |

File: Table_4_Heterozygosity_85_breeds.csv | Column name ...

Companion Animal Real-World Data Registries Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the global Companion Animal Real-World Data Registries market size reached USD 1.34 billion in 2024, reflecting a robust expansion driven by increased adoption of data-driven approaches in veterinary healthcare. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 12.7% from 2025 to 2033, projecting a market value of USD 3.94 billion by 2033. This remarkable growth is primarily attributed to the rising prevalence of chronic diseases among companion animals, increased pet ownership, and the growing need for evidence-based veterinary care.

The primary growth driver for the Companion Animal Real-World Data Registries market is the increasing awareness and focus on animal health and welfare. As pet ownership continues to rise globally, particularly in urban areas, there is a corresponding increase in demand for advanced veterinary services and personalized animal healthcare. Real-world data registries play a crucial role in aggregating and analyzing health information from diverse sources, enabling veterinarians and researchers to identify disease trends, improve diagnostic accuracy, and tailor treatments to individual animals. Furthermore, the proliferation of digital health technologies, such as electronic health records (EHRs) and wearable devices for pets, is facilitating the seamless collection and integration of real-world data, thereby enhancing the utility and value of these registries.

Another significant factor fueling market growth is the expanding role of real-world data in veterinary research and pharmaceutical development. Pharmaceutical companies and research organizations are increasingly leveraging real-world data registries to accelerate drug discovery, monitor post-market drug safety, and conduct large-scale epidemiological studies. These registries provide invaluable insights into the effectiveness and safety of veterinary therapeutics in real-world settings, complementing traditional clinical trial data and supporting regulatory decision-making. Moreover, the growing emphasis on translational research and the adoption of precision medicine approaches in veterinary science are further boosting the demand for comprehensive and high-quality companion animal data registries.

The regulatory landscape is also evolving to support the growth of the Companion Animal Real-World Data Registries market. Governments and regulatory bodies are increasingly recognizing the importance of real-world evidence in improving animal health outcomes and shaping public health policies. Initiatives aimed at standardizing data collection, ensuring data privacy, and promoting interoperability across veterinary information systems are fostering greater collaboration among stakeholders and enhancing the reliability of registry data. Additionally, public-private partnerships and funding initiatives are accelerating the development and adoption of real-world data registries, particularly in regions with advanced veterinary infrastructure.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the Companion Animal Real-World Data Registries market, accounting for the largest share in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the presence of well-established veterinary healthcare systems, high pet ownership rates, and significant investments in animal health research. Europe follows closely, driven by strong regulatory frameworks and a growing focus on animal welfare. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a high-growth market, supported by rising disposable incomes, increasing awareness of pet health, and rapid digital transformation in the veterinary sector. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing steady growth, albeit at a slower pace, as awareness and infrastructure continue to develop.

Animal Type Analysis

The Animal Type segment of the Companion Animal Real-World Data Registries market is broadly categorized into dogs, cats, horses, and others, with dogs holding the largest market share in 2024. This dominance is primarily due to the high global population of pet dogs and the significant attention given to canine health by pet owners and veterinary professionals. Dogs are often considered integral family members, prompting owners to seek advanced healthcare services and participate in data-driven health initiatives. Consequently, data registries focusing on canine health have proliferated, capturi

Hungary had the highest share of dog-owning households in the European Union, with almost half of the population owning at least one dog in 2023. Other countries, like Poland and Romania, had a little more than a third of households with at least one pet dog. Pet ownership in Europe Germany had the highest pet dog population in Europe, with more than ten million dogs in 2022. In comparison, Romania had approximately 4.2 million dogs in that same year. However, pet dog ownership was more prevalent among Romanian households, where 43 percent of households owned at least one dog in 2022, compared to only 21 percent of German households who were dog owners in that same year. In the last decade, both the number of pet cats and pet dogs increased significantly in Europe. Pet food trade Due to a growing pet population in the European continent, the pet industry flourished, and pet food trade is one indicator of that growth. The import value of cat and dog food more than tripled in the last decade, increasing from 480 million U.S. dollars in 2011 to over 1.5 billion U.S. dollars in 2021. European exports of pet food followed a similar trend, reflecting a general expansion in pet food industry and trade in Europe.

The oldest confirmed remains of domestic dogs in North America are from mid-continent archeological sites dated ~9,900 calibrated years before present (cal BP). Although this date suggests that dogs may not have arrived alongside the first Native Americans, the timing and routes for the entrance of New World dogs are unclear. Here, we present a complete mitochondrial genome of a dog from Southeast Alaska, dated to 10,150 ± 260 cal BP. We compared this high-coverage genome with data from modern dog breeds, historical Arctic dogs, and American precontact dogs (PCDs) from before European arrival. Our analyses demonstrate that the ancient dog shared a common ancestor with PCDs that lived ~14,500 years ago and diverged from Siberian dogs around 16,000 years ago, coinciding with the minimum suggested date for the opening of the North Pacific coastal (NPC) route along the Cordilleran Ice Sheet and genetic evidence for the initial peopling of the Americas. This ancient Southeast Alaskan dog occupies an early branching position within the PCD clade, indicating it represents a close relative of the earliest PCDs that were brought alongside people migrating from eastern Beringia southward along the NPC to the rest of the Americas. The stable isotope δ13C value of this early dog indicates a marine diet, different from the younger mid-continent PCDs’ terrestrial diet. Although PCDs were largely replaced by modern European dog breeds, our results indicate that their population decline started ~2,000 years BP, coinciding with the expansion of Inuit peoples, who are associated with traditional sled-dog culture. Our findings suggest that dogs formed part of the initial human habitation of the New World, and provide insights into their replacement by both Arctic and European lineages.

Dog Portable Cooling Fan Collar Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Dog Portable Cooling Fan Collar market size reached USD 142.5 million in 2024 and is projected to grow at a robust CAGR of 8.1% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 279.3 million. This significant growth is primarily fueled by the increasing awareness among pet owners regarding canine heat stress and the rising trend of pet humanization, which drives demand for innovative comfort solutions such as portable cooling fan collars.

A major growth factor for the Dog Portable Cooling Fan Collar market is the growing pet population worldwide, particularly in urban centers where heat exposure and limited access to natural cooling environments are more pronounced. Pet owners are increasingly seeking advanced cooling solutions to safeguard their dogs from heatstroke and discomfort during outdoor activities or in regions with high ambient temperatures. Furthermore, the proliferation of social media and pet-centric online communities has amplified awareness about the importance of pet comfort and welfare, accelerating the adoption of technologically advanced pet accessories like cooling fan collars. The market is also benefitting from the rising disposable income among pet owners, which has led to higher spending on premium and innovative pet care products.

Technological advancements in fan collar design and materials are another critical driver of market expansion. Manufacturers are focusing on lightweight, ergonomic, and energy-efficient designs that ensure maximum comfort and safety for dogs of all sizes. Integration of features such as adjustable airflow, rechargeable batteries, USB-powered options, and eco-friendly materials is enhancing product appeal. Additionally, collaborations between pet care brands and technology firms are fostering the development of smart collars with temperature sensors and app connectivity, further broadening the market’s potential. The emphasis on sustainability is also prompting the use of recyclable and non-toxic materials, aligning with the broader trend of eco-conscious consumerism in the pet care industry.

The distribution landscape for the Dog Portable Cooling Fan Collar market is evolving rapidly, with online channels emerging as a dominant force. E-commerce platforms and pet specialty websites are making these products more accessible to a global audience, supported by detailed product information, reviews, and convenient delivery options. The rise of direct-to-consumer brands is also reshaping the market, enabling manufacturers to gather real-time feedback and tailor offerings to specific customer needs. Brick-and-mortar channels, such as pet specialty stores and supermarkets, continue to play a vital role, particularly in building consumer trust and offering personalized recommendations. The synergy between online and offline channels is expected to further accelerate market penetration, especially in emerging economies with growing pet ownership rates.

Regionally, North America leads the Dog Portable Cooling Fan Collar market owing to high pet ownership rates, advanced retail infrastructure, and a strong culture of pet pampering. Europe follows closely, driven by increasing awareness about animal welfare and stringent regulations regarding pet care products. The Asia Pacific region is witnessing the fastest growth, propelled by rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and a burgeoning middle-class population adopting Westernized pet care practices. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also showing promising potential, albeit from a smaller base, as awareness and affordability of innovative pet accessories continue to rise. Overall, the regional outlook remains positive, with each market presenting unique opportunities and challenges for manufacturers and distributors.

Product Type Analysis

The Dog Portable Cooling Fan Collar market is segmented by product type into rechargeable, battery-op

The global dog deodorizer market is poised for significant expansion, projected to reach an estimated $1.8 billion by 2025. This robust growth is fueled by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 8.5% during the forecast period of 2025-2033. This upward trajectory is primarily driven by the increasing humanization of pets, where owners are treating their dogs as integral family members and are willing to invest more in their comfort and well-being. Consequently, the demand for effective and safe solutions to combat pet odors is on the rise. Factors such as a growing pet population worldwide, heightened awareness about pet hygiene, and the availability of a diverse range of innovative products, including natural and eco-friendly options, are further propelling market growth. The convenience offered by spray and solution formats, coupled with the increasing adoption of both online and offline distribution channels, caters to a broad consumer base and accessibility. However, certain factors may present challenges to the market's full potential. While the market is experiencing strong demand, concerns regarding the potential use of harsh chemicals in some deodorizing products and the need for stringent regulatory approvals for pet-specific formulations could act as restraints. Additionally, the growing availability of DIY odor-neutralizing methods and the cost sensitivity of some consumer segments might influence purchasing decisions. Despite these potential headwinds, the overarching trend of increased pet ownership and a heightened focus on maintaining a fresh and hygienic living environment for both pets and their owners are expected to sustain the market's healthy growth trajectory. The market is characterized by intense competition, with established players and emerging brands constantly innovating to offer superior odor control solutions that are safe, effective, and appealing to pet parents.

Hybridisation and admixture can threaten the genetic integrity of populations and be of particular concern to endangered species. Hybridisation between grey wolves and dogs has been documented in many wolf populations worldwide and is a prominent example of human-mediated hybridisation between a domesticated species and its wild relative. We analysed whole-genome sequences from >200 wolves and >100 dogs to study admixture in Fennoscandian wolf populations. A principal component analysis of genetic variation as well as Admixture showed that wolves and dogs were well separated, without evidence for introgression. Analyses of local ancestry revealed that wolves had <1% mixed ancestry, levels comparable to the degree of mixed ancestry in many dogs, and likely not resulting from recent wolf-dog hybridisation. We also show that the founders of the Scandinavian wolf population were genetically inseparable from Finnish and Russian Karelian wolves, pointing at the geographical origin of contemporary Scandinavian wolves. Moreover, we found Scandinavian-born animals among wolves sampled in Finland, demonstrating bi-directional gene flow between the Scandinavian peninsula and eastern countries. The low incidence of admixture between wolves and dogs in Fennoscandia may be explained by that feral dogs are rare in this part of Europe, and that careful monitoring and management act to remove hybrids before they backcross into wolf populations.