In 2023, there were a total of **** billion U.S. dollar notes in circulation, roughly *** million more than in the previous year. Of these, **** billion were 100-dollar bills, which had the highest volume in circulation. This was followed by the one-dollar bill, with **** billion in circulation. During the observed period, the largest increase in the volume of currency in circulation occurred in 2020, as part of the quantitative easing measures introduced by the Federal Reserve.

The DXY exchange rate rose to 99.9812 on August 1, 2025, up 0.01% from the previous session. Over the past month, the United States Dollar has strengthened 3.31%, but it's down by 3.13% over the last 12 months. United States Dollar - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

In 2023, there were **** billion notes in circulation in the United States, a slight increase compared to the previous year. During the observed period, the largest increase in the volume of currency in circulation occurred in 2020, when the volume rose from **** billion to **** billion. In terms of denomination, the 100-dollar banknotes had the highest volume, with **** billion.

The EUR/USD exchange rate fell to 1.1417 on July 31, 2025, down 0.10% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has weakened 3.29%, but it's up by 5.85% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

The dollar and variety store industry has been on a steady upward trajectory, with revenue expanding at a CAGR of 0.8% over the past five years. In 2025, industry revenue will reach $119.2 billion, a notable 2.0% gain from the previous year. This growth has been fueled by strategic product diversification and an appealing value proposition that attracts a broader consumer base. Notably, the introduction of higher-priced items by chains like Dollar Tree has driven up the average ticket size, boosting sales per store. Additionally, these stores have effectively managed inflationary pressures by maintaining competitive pricing while expanding their product offerings, holding profit steady over the period. Over the past five years, the industry has significantly shifted its image and customer base. By expanding product selections to include top-brand and private-label goods, dollar stores have attracted higher-income shoppers seeking value without compromising quality. Strategic store locations in urban areas have made these businesses more accessible and appealing to affluent consumers. Though there was a 1.1% decline in foot traffic, the average transaction amount rose by 2.3%, indicating a shift toward larger purchases per visit. Enhanced e-commerce capabilities through partnerships with platforms like Instacart and DoorDash have bolstered revenue by providing convenient shopping options, allowing dollar stores to compete more effectively with retail giants like Walmart and Amazon. Looking ahead, the industry is poised for continued growth at a CAGR of 1.2% over the next five years. Revenue will climb to $126.4 billion through 2030, driven by private label expansion and strategic forays into underserved areas. By increasing private label penetration, major chains like Dollar Tree and Dollar General are taking advantage of the products’ higher returns. Meanwhile, targeting rural and low-income regions offers new revenue streams with less competition. However, the industry's growth won't be without challenges. Increasing competition from warehouse clubs and supermarkets and potential tariff-related cost pressures will challenge profit. Yet, dollar stores can sustain their momentum by innovating store concepts and expanding product lines to continue capturing a diverse consumer base.

The USD/CAD exchange rate rose to 1.3875 on August 1, 2025, up 0.12% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Canadian Dollar has weakened 2.11%, and is down by 0.02% over the last 12 months. Canadian Dollar - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

The NZD/USD exchange rate fell to 0.5882 on August 1, 2025, down 0.08% from the previous session. Over the past month, the New Zealand Dollar has weakened 3.39%, and is down by 1.24% over the last 12 months. New Zealand Dollar - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

One United States dollar was worth over ****** Indonesian rupiah in May 2024, the highest value in a comparison of over 50 different currencies worldwide. All countries and territories shown here are based on the Big Mac Index - a measurement of how much a single Big Mac is worth across different areas in the world. This exchange rate comparison reveals a strong position of the dollar in Asia and Latin America. Note, though, that several of the top currencies shown here do not rank among the most traded. The quarterly U.S. dollar exchange rate against the ten biggest forex currencies only contains the Korean won and the Japanese yen.

The AUD/USD exchange rate fell to 0.6431 on July 31, 2025, down 0.22% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Australian Dollar has weakened 2.25%, and is down by 0.96% over the last 12 months. Australian Dollar - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The USD/MXN exchange rate fell to 18.8033 on August 1, 2025, down 0.34% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Mexican Peso has weakened 0.13%, but it's up by 1.67% over the last 12 months. Mexican Peso - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Effects of initial lockdown and stimulus payments on dollar change across geographic regions.

In March 2024 Bitcoin BTC reached a new all-time high with prices exceeding 73000 USD marking a milestone for the cryptocurrency market This surge was due to the approval of Bitcoin exchange-traded funds ETFs in the United States allowing investors to access Bitcoin without directly holding it This development increased Bitcoin’s credibility and brought fresh demand from institutional investors echoing previous price surges in 2021 when Tesla announced its 15 billion investment in Bitcoin and Coinbase was listed on the Nasdaq By the end of 2022 Bitcoin prices dropped sharply to 15000 USD following the collapse of cryptocurrency exchange FTX and its bankruptcy which caused a loss of confidence in the market By August 2024 Bitcoin rebounded to approximately 64178 USD but remained volatile due to inflation and interest rate hikes Unlike fiat currency like the US dollar Bitcoin’s supply is finite with 21 million coins as its maximum supply By September 2024 over 92 percent of Bitcoin had been mined Bitcoin’s value is tied to its scarcity and its mining process is regulated through halving events which cut the reward for mining every four years making it harder and more energy-intensive to mine The next halving event in 2024 will reduce the reward to 3125 BTC from its current 625 BTC The final Bitcoin is expected to be mined around 2140 The energy required to mine Bitcoin has led to criticisms about its environmental impact with estimates in 2021 suggesting that one Bitcoin transaction used as much energy as Argentina Bitcoin’s future price is difficult to predict due to the influence of large holders known as whales who own about 92 percent of all Bitcoin These whales can cause dramatic market swings by making large trades and many retail investors still dominate the market While institutional interest has grown it remains a small fraction compared to retail Bitcoin is vulnerable to external factors like regulatory changes and economic crises leading some to believe it is in a speculative bubble However others argue that Bitcoin is still in its early stages of adoption and will grow further as more institutions and governments recognize its potential as a hedge against inflation and a store of value 2024 has also seen the rise of Bitcoin Layer 2 technologies like the Lightning Network which improve scalability by enabling faster and cheaper transactions These innovations are crucial for Bitcoin’s wider adoption especially for day-to-day use and cross-border remittances At the same time central bank digital currencies CBDCs are gaining traction as several governments including China and the European Union have accelerated the development of their own state-controlled digital currencies while Bitcoin remains decentralized offering financial sovereignty for those who prefer independence from government control The rise of CBDCs is expected to increase interest in Bitcoin as a hedge against these centralized currencies Bitcoin’s journey in 2024 highlights its growing institutional acceptance alongside its inherent market volatility While the approval of Bitcoin ETFs has significantly boosted interest the market remains sensitive to events like exchange collapses and regulatory decisions With the limited supply of Bitcoin and improvements in its transaction efficiency it is expected to remain a key player in the financial world for years to come Whether Bitcoin is currently in a speculative bubble or on a sustainable path to greater adoption will ultimately be revealed over time.

Interactive historical chart showing the daily Euro - U.S. Dollar (EURUSD) exchange rate back to 1999.

The euro-to-dollar exchange rate fluctuated significantly in 2022, reaching its lowest recorded value since 2008 during that time. Figures were different later in the year, however, with a rate of 1.16 USD recorded at the end of July 29, 2025. The average (standardized) measure is based on the calculation of many observations throughout the period in question. It is therefore different from an annual measure at a point, which reflects concrete values as of end of the year.EstablishmentThe euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999 and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita.Euro to USDBetween 2001 and 2008, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar noted a steep increase. In 2008, the euro to U.S. dollar annual average exchange rate was equal to 1.47, which meant that one euro could buy 1.47 U.S. dollars. By 2019, this value had decreased overall, to a value of 1.12 which meant that one euro could buy 1.12 U.S. dollars. Similar dynamics in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate were also reflected in the monthly exchange rate recently.

The Dollar and Variety Store industry in Canada has been resilient and adaptable in the face of economic shifts and inflationary pressures. Industry revenue has risen over the past five years at a CAGR of 2.8%. With an anticipated growth of 1.0% this year, it will reach $8.3 billion in 2025. These stores have evolved beyond their basic, impulse-buy roots, gaining traction with middle-income consumers by diversifying product lines and enhancing customer experiences. With over 85% of Canadians living within 10 kilometres of a Dollarama, according to the company’s estimates, their accessibility and broadened offerings have made them essential in the retail landscape. Despite tight and fluctuating profit driven by volatile input costs, the temperance of inflation promises more predictability, setting the stage for future growth. Over the past five years, these stores have skillfully leveraged economic volatility to their advantage. The spike in 2020 revenue by 11.8% highlights their ability to capture budget-conscious shoppers during the pandemic downturn. They’ve navigated through shifts in per capita disposable income and spikes in the consumer price index by emphasizing their affordable essentials. Dollar stores’ adaptability and emphasis on in-store innovations, like strategic product placements and optimized queue lines, have kept them afloat against external competition. By revamping aesthetics and introducing national brands, dollar stores have shattered negative stereotypes and set new standards for chic, budget-friendly shopping. The next five years hold promising potential, tempered with challenges. Revenue is projected to climb at a CAGR of 1.1%, hitting $8.8 billion in 2030. Major chains like Dollarama and Dollar Tree are expected to drive this growth through aggressive expansion and tech investments. These strategies will ensure they remain competitive amid increased pressure from major retailers like Amazon and Temu. As consumers continue tightening their wallets with an expected 0.7% annual decline in disposable income, dollar stores are poised to capture this bargain-hunting demographic. By embracing advancements in AI and inventory management, they aim to enhance shopping experiences and extend their market reach. With anticipated interest rate cuts potentially lowering operational costs, these stores are set to consolidate their position in Canada’s evolving retail scene.

The US dollar index of February 2025 was higher than it was in 2024, although below the peak in late 2022. This reveals itself in a historical graphic on the past 50 years, measuring the relative strength of the U.S. dollar. This metric is different from other FX graphics that compare the U.S. dollar against other currencies. By July 15, 2025, the DXY index was around 98.01 points. The history of the DXY Index The index shown here – often referred to with the code DXY, or USDX – measures the value of the U.S. dollar compared to a basket of six other foreign currencies. This basket includes the euro, the Swiss franc, the Japanese yen, the Canadian dollar, the British pound, and the Swedish króna. The index was created in 1973, after the arrival of the petrodollar and the dissolution of the Bretton Woods Agreement. Today, most of these currencies remain connected to the United States' largest trade partners. The relevance of the DXY Index The index focuses on trade and the strength of the U.S. dollar against specific currencies. It less on inflation or devaluation, which is measured in alternative metrics like the Big Mac Index. Indeed, as the methodology behind the DXY Index has only been updated once – when the euro arrived in 1999 – some argue this composition is not accurate to the current state of the world. The price development of the U.S. dollar affects many things, including commodity prices in general.

This statistic depicts the dollar sales growth of consumer product categories that were most impacted by pre-game preparations and shopping trips for the Super Bowl in the United States in 2015. Refrigerated dips saw the largest increase in dollar sales with ***** percent during the week leading up to the Super Bowl ending on **************** compared with the prior week.

The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the largest stock exchange in the world, with an equity market capitalization of almost ** trillion U.S. dollars as of June 2025. The following three exchanges were the NASDAQ, PINK Exchange, and the Frankfurt Exchange. What is a stock exchange? A stock exchange is a marketplace where stockbrokers, traders, buyers, and sellers can trade in equities products. The largest exchanges have thousands of listed companies. These companies sell shares of their business, giving the general public the opportunity to invest in them. The oldest stock exchange worldwide is the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, founded in the late sixteenth century. Other functions of a stock exchange Since these are publicly traded companies, every firm listed on a stock exchange has had an initial public offering (IPO). The largest IPOs can raise billions of dollars in equity for the firm involved. Related to stock exchanges are derivatives exchanges, where stock options, futures contracts, and other derivatives can be traded.

In the time period between 2017 and 2020, the US-based discount retailer chain Dollar General experienced the largest year-over-year sales growth in 2020, when the company's sales increased by **** percent compared to the previous year. Dollar General is estimated to have a *** percent growth in sales in 2021 compared to sales in 2020. Forecast suggests that the company is to increase its sales by *** percent in 2025.