A collection of 12 brain maps. Each brain map is a 3D array of values representing properties of the brain at different locations.

Collection description

Two studies of healthy, human adults examining associations between adult chronological age, dopamine D2-like receptors measured with [18F]Fallypride in one study and [11C]FLB457 in the other study, and neuropsychological measures of cognition and psychomotor speed. Fallypride data set collected at Vanderbilt University in the Zald Lab. FLB457 data set collected at Yale University in the Samanez-Larkin Lab. Data analyzed at Duke University in the Samanez-Larkin Lab.

Analyzed sessions data structure for all data collected. Data structures include multidimensional behavioral data extracted from video and external sensors as well as simultaneous photometry recordings from multiple locations in the mouse brain. All datasets are aligned to include the first ~1000 trials of learning for >20 animals. A subset of animals received optogenetic perturbations during learning as described in the paper / methods.

Experiments examined functional differences between mouse ventral tegmental area neurons that release dopamine and glutamate (glutamate-dopamine neurons), dopamine without glutamate (nonglutamate-dopamine neurons), and glutamate without dopamine or GABA (glutamate-only neurons). Dataset includes in situ hybridization, neuronal recordings, and behavioral examinations

Background Though the dysfunction of central dopaminergic system has been proposed, the etiology or pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still uncertain partly due to limited accessibility to dopamine receptor. The purpose of this study was to define whether or not the easily accessible dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes can be the peripheral markers of schizophrenia.

   Results
   44 drug-medicated schizophrenics for more than 3 years, 28 drug-free schizophrenics for more than 3 months, 15 drug-naïve schizophrenic patients, and 31 healthy persons were enrolled. Sequential reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the mRNA were used to investigate the expression of D3 and D5 dopamine receptors in peripheral lymphocytes. The gene expression of dopamine receptors was compared in each group. After taking antipsychotics in drug-free and drug-naïve patients, the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were sequentially studied 2nd week and 8th week after medication.
   In drug-free schizophrenics, D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression of peripheral lymphocytes significantly increased compared to that of controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics, and D5 dopamine receptor mRNA expression increased compared to that of drug-medicated schizophrenics. After taking antipsychotics, mRNA of dopamine receptors peaked at 2nd week, after which it decreases but the level was above baseline one at 8th week. Drug-free and drug-naïve patients were divided into two groups according to dopamine receptor expression before medications, and the group of patients with increased dopamine receptor expression had more severe psychiatric symptoms.


   Conclusions
   These results reveal that the molecular biologically-determined dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes are reactive, and that increased expression of dopamine receptor in peripheral lymphocyte has possible clinical significance for subgrouping of schizophrenis.

This dataset was curated from the ChEMBL database and further enriched with RDKit-calculated molecular properties. It serves as a valuable resource for cheminformatics and machine learning tasks, particularly in drug-target interaction studies.

The dataset comprises around 3000 instances, each representing a unique molecule and its interaction with dopamine receptors. The key features include:

• ChEMBL ID and SMILES: Molecular identifiers and structure information.
• Experimental Data: EC50 values (nM), pEC50 values (log-transformed potency measure).
• Assay Type and Target Name: Experimental context and receptor subtype targeted - D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5.
• Molecular Descriptors:
• MW: Molecular Weight of the molecule in Da.
• LogP (Lipophilicity): Indicating hydrophobicity.
• H_Donors and H_Acceptors: Indicators of hydrogen bonding capacity.
• TPSA (Topological Polar Surface Area): Important for bioavailability.
• Ring_Count and Rotatable_Bonds: Measures of molecular complexity.

This dataset is used by the research Single-cell genomic profiling of human dopamine neurons identifies a population that selectively degenerates in Parkinson’s disease, it contains the human digital gene expression matrix and the macaque slide seqv2 dataset publish by the authors. - The data for Cross Species analysis are not included.

You can check the result produced by research:

1. Single Cell Analysis
2. Slide Seq

No description is available. Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/sha256%3A0c51d6f0c7e09bfba05db598aa34015f787df9576a789d2224cc9beb15da08fb for complete metadata about this dataset.

See the file README.docx for description of data files.

We tested pre and post-surgeried (optogenetically exciting vs. inhibiting) tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta while mice produced at least a 3s-long interval by depressing a lever for reward.

BackgoundThe purpose of this study was to assess the biological and clinical effects of n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsThe overarching goal of this pilot study was to generate additional data about potentially protective properties of NAC in PD, using an in vitro and in vivo approach. In preparation for the clinical study we performed a cell tissue culture study with human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons that were treated with rotenone as a model for PD. The primary outcome in the cell tissue cultures was the number of cells that survived the insult with the neurotoxin rotenone. In the clinical study, patients continued their standard of care and were randomized to receive either daily NAC or were a waitlist control. Patients were evaluated before and after 3 months of receiving the NAC with DaTscan to measure dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) to measure clinical symptoms.ResultsThe cell line study showed that NAC exposure resulted in significantly more mDA neurons surviving after exposure to rotenone compared to no NAC, consistent with the protective effects of NAC previously observed. The clinical study showed significantly increased DAT binding in the caudate and putamen (mean increase ranging from 4.4% to 7.8%; p

Corpus-verified analysis of 298 PubMed studies on Dopamine Antagonists. Includes evidence scores, research domain classification, study type breakdown, and velocity metrics.

Introduction: The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), is an advantageous model for studying developmental toxicology due to its well defined developmental stages and homology to humans. It has been established that across species, dopaminergic neurons are highly vulnerable to neurotoxicant exposure, resulting in developmental neuronal dysfunction and age-induced degeneration. C. elegans, with genetic perturbations in dopamine system proteins, can provide insight into the mechanisms of dopaminergic neurotoxicants. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis on the effect of gene mutations in dopamine-related proteins on body size, development, and behavior in C. elegans. Methods: We studied C. elegans that lack the ability to sequester dopamine (OK411) and that overproduce dopamine (UA57) and a novel strain (MBIA) generated by the genetic crossing of OK411 and UA57, which both lack the ability to sequester dopamine into vesicles and, additionally, endogenously overprodu..., , , # Effect of altered production and storage of dopamine on development and behavior in C. elegans

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnkpf

This dataset contains the raw data corresponding to the manuscript "Effect of altered production and storage of dopamine on development and behavior in C. elegans." The data presented here was in effort to understand and characterize the role of dopamine neurotransmission in C. elegans development utilizing genetic models. A novel strain was generated that lacks the protein cat-1, which is responsible for vesicular sequestration of dopamine, and over-expresses the gene cat-2, which is responsible for dopamine synthesis. Thus, this novel strain (MBIA) has compounded effects on the amount of cytosolic dopamine. We characterized this strain, the parent strains used to generate MBIA, and wild-type C. elegans to determine what role dopamine synthesis and sequestration has on body size, development through lar...

Dopamine neurotransmitter cycle occurs in dopaminergic neurons. Dopamine is synthesized and loaded into the clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicles. The vesicles are docked, primed and fused with the plasmamembrane in the synapse to release dopamine into the synaptic cleft.

Dopamine in the striatum strongly regulates behavioral output in a heterogenous across the various striatal subregions. Moreover, dopamine dynamics not only displays heterogeneity across brain structures but also within males and females. The purpose of this dataset was to evaluate the dopamine dynamics in male and female mice and rats across five subregions: the dorsolateral caudate, ventromedial caudate, nucleus accumbens core, nucleus accumbens lateral shell, and the nucleus accumbens medial shell. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) was employed to measure dopamine release and uptake following a single pulse electrical stimulation in each of these subregions within a single brain slice. The dopamine dynamics were also observed across a variety of stimulation amplitudes. The goal of this dataset was to produce systematic FSCV measurements of dopamine across the rodent striatum using FSCV which would be available as a resource for further investigation of DA terminal function.

Methods Detailed methods can be found in the manuscript.

Corpus-verified analysis of 298 PubMed studies on Dopamine Agonists. Includes evidence scores, research domain classification, study type breakdown, and velocity metrics.

Data and results for main figures in "Inferring spikes from calcium in dopamine neurons" (Fleming & Jewell et al. 2021).in_vitro.zip contains data and spike inference results for in vitro experiments in Fig 1.pavlovian.zip contains data and spike inference results for unexpected reward and Pavlovian experiments in Figs 2-3.vr_maze.zip contains data and spike inference results for virtual reality maze experiment in Fig 4.Each folder contains a readme describing organization and contents.

In this study, we characterized dynamics of novelty exploration using multi-point tracking (DeepLabCut) and behavioral segmentation (MoSeq). Mice were habituated in an arena, and then a object was placed at the corner of the arena. We compared 4 groups of mice: one with presentation of a novel object (stimulus novelty), one with a presentation of a familiar object (contextual novelty), one with presentation of a novel object after ablation of dopamine neuorns that project to the tail of the striatum (TS), and one with presentation of a novel object after sham surgery. With a separate group of mice, dopamine activity in TS was recorded during novelty exploration., Novelty testing sessions consisted of animals exploring a single novel object within the behavioral arena. Object was placed in the corner of a behavioral arena (taped to floor to prevent animal from moving it, ~12-15cm from either wall). Sessions lasted for 25 minutes per animal per day for 4-12 days, and mice were run in the same order as habituation each day. One object was used per animal for duration of experiment and the objects were not shared between animals. Before each session, object would be submerged in soiled bedding (mixture of bedding from each mouse’s cage in current round, 6 animals) and wiped off with dry kimwipe to remove excess bedding dust. Objects were wiped with ethanol after each day and allowed to air out overnight before use. For body part tracking, we used DeepLabCut version 1.0 (Mathis et al., 2018). Separate networks were used for different experimental settings: namely for mice without fiber implants (network A) and mice with fiber implants (network B). Bo..., , # Dopamine activity in the tail of the striatum, DeepLabCut and MoSeq during novel object exploration

There are data for 5 animal groups. Two groups of mice were presented with stimulus novelty or contextual novelty. Different two groups of mice were presented with stimulus novelty and dopamine neurons that project to the tail of the striatum (TS) were ablated or sham surgery was operated. A different group of mice were presented with stimulus novelty and dopamine activity in TS was recorded. All mice were recorded in videos and location of body parts was tracked with DeepLabCut. Some videos were also analyzed with Moseq.

Description of the data and file structure

Data structure

DLC (DeepLabCut) data is stored in .mat files. Given .mat files were named based on the following file structure:

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.

+-- group1_name

|Â Â +-- animal1_name

|Â Â Â Â Â Â +-- session1_name

|Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â -- DLClabel.mat

|Â Â Â Â Â Â +-- session2_name

|Â Â Â Â Â Â +-- session3_name

|Â Â +-- animal2_name

|Â Â +-- an...

Dopaminergic neurotransmission has been investigated extensively, yet direct optical probing of dopamine has not been possible in live cells. Here we image intracellular dopamine with sub-micrometer three-dimensional resolution by harnessing its intrinsic mid-ultraviolet (UV) autofluorescence. Two-photon excitation with visible light (540 nm) in conjunction with a non-epifluorescent detection scheme is used to circumvent the UV toxicity and the UV transmission problems. The method is established by imaging dopamine in a dopaminergic cell line and in control cells (glia), and is validated by mass spectrometry. We further show that individual dopamine vesicles/vesicular clusters can be imaged in cultured rat brain slices, thereby providing a direct visualization of the intracellular events preceding dopamine release induced by depolarization or amphetamine exposure. Our technique opens up a previously inaccessible mid-ultraviolet spectral regime (excitation ~270 nm, emission < 320 nm) for label-free imaging of native molecules in live tissue.

Motor deficits observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the subsequent dopamine depletion in different brain areas. The most common therapy to treat motor symptoms for patients with this disorder is the systemic intake of L-DOPA that increases dopamine levels in all the brain, making it difficult to discern the main locus of dopaminergic action in the alleviation of motor control. Caged compounds are molecules with the ability to release neuromodulators locally in temporary controlled conditions using light. In the present study, we measured the turning behavior of unilateral dopamine-depleted mice before and after dopamine uncaging. The optical delivery of dopamine in the striatum of lesioned mice produced contralateral turning behavior that resembled, to a lesser extent, the contralateral turning behavior evoked by a systemic injection of apomorphine. Contralateral turning behavior induced by dopamine uncaging was temporarily tied to the transient elevation of dopamine concentration and was reversed when dopamine decreased to pathological levels. Remarkably, contralateral turning behavior was tuned by changing the power and frequency of light stimulation, opening the possibility to modulate dopamine fluctuations using different light stimulation protocols. Moreover, striatal dopamine uncaging recapitulated the motor effects of a low concentration of systemic L-DOPA, but with better temporal control of dopamine levels. Finally, dopamine uncaging reduced the pathological synchronization of striatal neuronal ensembles that characterize unilateral dopamine-depleted mice. We conclude that optical delivery of dopamine in the striatum resembles the motor effects induced by systemic injection of dopaminergic agonists in unilateral dopamine-depleted mice. Future experiments using this approach could help to elucidate the role of dopamine in different brain nuclei in normal and pathological conditions.

Learning causal relationships relies on understanding how often one event precedes another. To gain an understanding of how dopamine neuron activity and neurotransmitter release change when a retrospective relationship is degraded for a specific pair of events, we used outcome-selective Pavlovian contingency degradation in rats. Two cues were paired with distinct food rewards, one of which was also delivered in the absence of either cue. Conditioned responding was attenuated for the cue-reward contingency that was degraded. Dopamine neuron activity in the midbrain and dopamine release in the ventral striatum in response to the cue and subsequent reward were attenuated during degraded versus non-degraded trials, and contingency degradation also abolished the trial-by-trial history dependence of dopamine responses at the time of trial outcome. This profile of changes in cue- and reward-evoked responding is not easily explained by a standard reinforcement learning model. An alternative mod..., , , # Mesostriatal dopamine is sensitive to changes in specific cue-reward contingencies

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q573n5tr1

This dataset includes two types of behavioral data. First, there are conditioned port entry rates from five separate cohorts of rats: those that underwent fiber photometry recordings using GCaMP6f in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons, those that underwent fiber photometry recordings using dLight1.2 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core, those that underwent a context manipulation, those that underwent optogenetic inhibition of VTA dopamine neurons, and those that underwent optogenetic inhibition of dopamine release. Second, there are behavioral measures derived from videos: conditioned head velocities and distances between head and mid-tail derived from DeepLabCut, and conditioned rates of rearing and rotating derived from video hand-scoring.

This dataset also includes fiber photometry data taken from rats th...