Analyzed sessions data structure for all data collected. Data structures include multidimensional behavioral data extracted from video and external sensors as well as simultaneous photometry recordings from multiple locations in the mouse brain. All datasets are aligned to include the first ~1000 trials of learning for >20 animals. A subset of animals received optogenetic perturbations during learning as described in the paper / methods.

Background Though the dysfunction of central dopaminergic system has been proposed, the etiology or pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still uncertain partly due to limited accessibility to dopamine receptor. The purpose of this study was to define whether or not the easily accessible dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes can be the peripheral markers of schizophrenia. Results 44 drug-medicated schizophrenics for more than 3 years, 28 drug-free schizophrenics for more than 3 months, 15 drug-naïve schizophrenic patients, and 31 healthy persons were enrolled. Sequential reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the mRNA were used to investigate the expression of D3 and D5 dopamine receptors in peripheral lymphocytes. The gene expression of dopamine receptors was compared in each group. After taking antipsychotics in drug-free and drug-naïve patients, the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were sequentially studied 2nd week and 8th week after medication. In drug-free schizophrenics, D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression of peripheral lymphocytes significantly increased compared to that of controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics, and D5 dopamine receptor mRNA expression increased compared to that of drug-medicated schizophrenics. After taking antipsychotics, mRNA of dopamine receptors peaked at 2nd week, after which it decreases but the level was above baseline one at 8th week. Drug-free and drug-naïve patients were divided into two groups according to dopamine receptor expression before medications, and the group of patients with increased dopamine receptor expression had more severe psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions These results reveal that the molecular biologically-determined dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes are reactive, and that increased expression of dopamine receptor in peripheral lymphocyte has possible clinical significance for subgrouping of schizophrenis.

Background: The dopaminergic system has been associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. But previous studies found inconsistent results regarding the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and dopamine when looking at dopamine receptor concentrations.Objective: The aim of this review was to synthesize, using a random-effects model of meta-analysis, the link between the dopaminergic system and Alzheimer's disease.Methods: A detailed analysis protocol was registered at the PROSPERO database prior to data extraction (CRD42018110798). Electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Psyc-ARTICLES were searched up to December 2018 for studies that examined dopamine and dopamine receptors in relation to Alzheimer's disease. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated to assess group differences in the levels of dopaminergic neurometabolites.Results: Seventeen studies met the eligibility criteria. Collectively, they included 512 patients and 500 healthy controls. There were significantly lower levels of dopamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with controls (SMD = −1.56, 95% CI: −2.64 to −0.49). In addition, dopamine 1 receptor (SMD = −5.05, 95% CI: −6.14 to −3.97) and dopamine 2 receptor (SMD = −1.13, 95% CI: −1.52 to −0.74) levels were decreased in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with controls. The results of network meta-analysis indicated that the rank of correlation with Alzheimer's disease from highest to lowest was dopamine (0.74), dopamine 2 receptor (0.49), dopamine 3 receptor (0.46), dopamine 4 receptor (0.33), dopamine 5 receptor (0.31), and dopamine 1 receptor (0.64).Conclusions: Overall, decreased levels of dopaminergic neurotransmitters were linked with the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Nonetheless, there is a clear need for more prospective studies to validate these hypotheses.

Relating genetic variations in dopamine brain transmission to task performance with and without rewards

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qnk98sfs5

Description of the data and file structure

Title: Relating genetic variations in dopamine brain transmission to task performance with and without rewards

Contact: Diane Damiano, National Institutes of Health, damianod@cc.nih.gov

Date created: 2024/09/17

Licenses or restrictions: none

Methods for data collection: a specialized computer program that provided instruction to participants, administered all items and recorded reaction time, error rate for SRTT and proportion correct and reaction time for WPT.

Files and variables

File: DOPAMINEALLDATAWORKSHEET.xlsx

Description: Excel file includes participant group, age group at enrollment (1 = 6-10, 2 = 11-15, 3 = 16-20, 4 = 21-25), sex, gene group, individual gene variant scores (COMT = catechol-O -...

This dataset was curated from the ChEMBL database and further enriched with RDKit-calculated molecular properties. It serves as a valuable resource for cheminformatics and machine learning tasks, particularly in drug-target interaction studies.

The dataset comprises around 3000 instances, each representing a unique molecule and its interaction with dopamine receptors. The key features include:

• ChEMBL ID and SMILES: Molecular identifiers and structure information.
• Experimental Data: EC50 values (nM), pEC50 values (log-transformed potency measure).
• Assay Type and Target Name: Experimental context and receptor subtype targeted - D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5.
• Molecular Descriptors:
• MW: Molecular Weight of the molecule in Da.
• LogP (Lipophilicity): Indicating hydrophobicity.
• H_Donors and H_Acceptors: Indicators of hydrogen bonding capacity.
• TPSA (Topological Polar Surface Area): Important for bioavailability.
• Ring_Count and Rotatable_Bonds: Measures of molecular complexity.

A collection of 2 brain maps. Each brain map is a 3D array of values representing properties of the brain at different locations.

Collection description

K-means cluster maps of orbitofrontal cortex with K=2 and K=6 clusters based on resting-state fMRI data.

Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra exist in a persistent state of vulnerability resulting from high baseline oxidative stress, high energy demand, and broad unmyelinated axonal arborizations. Impairments in the storage of dopamine compound this stress due to cytosolic reactions that transform the vital neurotransmitter into an endogenous neurotoxicant, and this toxicity is thought to contribute to the dopamine neuron degeneration that occurs Parkinson’s disease. We have previously identified synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) as a modifier of vesicular dopamine function, demonstrating that genetic ablation of SV2C in mice results in decreased dopamine content and evoked dopamine release in the striatum. Here, we adapted a previously published in vitro assay utilizing false fluorescent neurotransmitter 206 (FFN206) to visualize how SV2C regulates vesicular dopamine dynamics and identified that SV2C promotes the uptake and retention of FFN206 within vesicles. In addition, w..., , , # Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C enhances vesicular storage of dopamine and counters dopaminergic toxicity

This dataset contains the raw data corresponding to the manuscript Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C enhances vesicular storage of dopamine and counters dopaminergic toxicity. Inclusive in this dataset is the following: 1) a GraphPad Prism file containing all of the data found in the manuscript with statistical analysis and graphs; 2) individual .csv files containing the data for each graph of data found in the manuscript including a separate .csv for corresponding statistics (files ending in _stats); 3) individual PDFs of graphs generated in GraphPad Prism; and 4) raw image files for microscopy and Western blots. These data demonstrate the principal findings for the manuscript that the protein SV2C: 1) enhances vesicular storage of dopamine and dopamine analogues (e.g., FFN206 and MPP+), and 2) confers neuroprotection against dopaminergic toxicity.

Description of the d...

Aging and dopamine modulation have both been independently shown to influence the functional connectivity of brain networks during rest. Dopamine modulation is known to decline during the course of aging. Previous evidence also shows that the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) influences the re-uptake of dopamine and the anyA9 genotype of this gene is associated with higher striatal dopamine signaling. Expanding these two lines of prior research, we investigated potential interactive effects between aging and individual variations in the DAT1 gene on the modular organization of brain acvitiy during rest. The graph-theoretic metrics of modularity, betweenness centrality and participation coefficient were assessed in 41 younger (age 20–30 years) and 37 older (age 60–75 years) adults. Age differences were only observed in the participation coefficient in carriers of the anyA9 genotype of the DAT1 gene and this effect was most prominently observed in the default mode network. Furthermore, we found that individual differences in the values of the participation coefficient correlated with individual differences in fluid intelligence and a measure of executive control in the anyA9 carriers. The correlation between participation coefficient and fluid intelligence was mainly shared with age-related differences, whereas the correlation with executive control was independent of age. These findings suggest that DAT1 genotype moderates age differences in the functional integration of brain networks as well as the relation between network characteristics and cognitive abilities.

Motor deficits observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the subsequent dopamine depletion in different brain areas. The most common therapy to treat motor symptoms for patients with this disorder is the systemic intake of L-DOPA that increases dopamine levels in all the brain, making it difficult to discern the main locus of dopaminergic action in the alleviation of motor control. Caged compounds are molecules with the ability to release neuromodulators locally in temporary controlled conditions using light. In the present study, we measured the turning behavior of unilateral dopamine-depleted mice before and after dopamine uncaging. The optical delivery of dopamine in the striatum of lesioned mice produced contralateral turning behavior that resembled, to a lesser extent, the contralateral turning behavior evoked by a systemic injection of apomorphine. Contralateral turning behavior induced by dopamine uncaging was temporarily tied to the transient elevation of dopamine concentration and was reversed when dopamine decreased to pathological levels. Remarkably, contralateral turning behavior was tuned by changing the power and frequency of light stimulation, opening the possibility to modulate dopamine fluctuations using different light stimulation protocols. Moreover, striatal dopamine uncaging recapitulated the motor effects of a low concentration of systemic L-DOPA, but with better temporal control of dopamine levels. Finally, dopamine uncaging reduced the pathological synchronization of striatal neuronal ensembles that characterize unilateral dopamine-depleted mice. We conclude that optical delivery of dopamine in the striatum resembles the motor effects induced by systemic injection of dopaminergic agonists in unilateral dopamine-depleted mice. Future experiments using this approach could help to elucidate the role of dopamine in different brain nuclei in normal and pathological conditions.

SPM{T_[31.0]} - contrast 1: Female > Male

Collection description

We tested using T-tests in SPM8 for a differences in d-amphetamine-induced dopamine release (indexed as % change in 18F-Fallypride binding potential, %ΔBPND, relative to placebo) by participant sex in two independent datasets. We found no significant clusters where males or females differed in %ΔBPND.

Subject species

homo sapiens

Modality

PET other

Cognitive paradigm (task)

None / Other

Map type

T

Detailed methods can be found in the manuscript.

This dataset is used by the research Single-cell genomic profiling of human dopamine neurons identifies a population that selectively degenerates in Parkinson’s disease, it contains the human digital gene expression matrix and the macaque slide seqv2 dataset publish by the authors. - The data for Cross Species analysis are not included.

You can check the result produced by research:

1. Single Cell Analysis
2. Slide Seq

The brain must guide immediate responses to beneficial and harmful stimuli while simultaneously writing memories for future reference. Both immediate actions and reinforcement learning are instructed by dopamine. However, it is unknown how dopaminergic systems maintain coherence between these two reward functions. Optogenetic activation experiments showed that the dopamine neurons that inform olfactory memory in Drosophila have a distinct, parallel function driving attraction and aversion (valence). Sensory neurons required for olfactory memory were dispensable to dopaminergic valence. A broadly projecting set of dopaminergic cells had valence that was dependent on dopamine, glutamate, and octopamine. Similarly, a more restricted dopaminergic cluster with attractive valence was reliant on dopamine and glutamate; flies avoided opto-inhibition of this narrow subset, indicating their role in controlling ongoing behavior. Dopamine valence was distinct from output-neuron opto-valence in locomotor pattern, strength, and polarity. Overall our data suggest that dopamine’s acute effect on valence provides a mechanism by which a dopaminergic system can coherently write memories to influence future responses while guiding immediate attraction and aversion.

See the file README.docx for description of data files.

Datafile for: "Dopamine and the creative mind: Individual differences in creativity are predicted by interactions between dopamine genes DAT and COMT."

Subregion Specific Dynamics of Striatal Dopamine

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.00000008m

Description of the data and file structure

The dataset included in this repository follows the standard format used by the Berke lab. It contains the necessary files and data required to replicate the experiments and findings described in the research article. Additionally, we have provided MATLAB code that can be utilized to read and interpret the data, as well as generate figures related to our results.

The dataset consists of three *.zip files. Each zip file contains MATLAB/python scripts and data files required to reproduce the graphs in corresponding figures. Following is the description for each data file.

Fig2.zip:

This text contains data and MATLAB scripts to replicate Fig2. The data is saved in .mat format, which can be loaded in MATLAB as a 1x41 struct. Each struct has recordings from one behavioral session of the bandit task and has these elements:

• **Fs...

A collection of 5 brain maps. Each brain map is a 3D array of values representing properties of the brain at different locations.

Collection description

Dopamine receptor D1, D2, D3 and D4 ligands (Ki <1 μM) and non-ligands (ki >10 μM) were collected as described in method section, and putative non-ligands were generated from representative compounds of compound families with no known ligand. These datasets were used for training and testing the multi-label machine learning models.

Raw Data for publication titled Chronic hyperactivation of midbrain dopamine neurons causes preferential dopamine neuron degeneration.

2-photon imaging and behavioral data accompanying publication of "Overlapping representations of food and social stimuli in VTA dopamine neurons" (Lindsay Willmore, Adelaide Minerva, Ben Engelhard, Brenna McMannon, Nirja Oak, Stephan Thiberge, Malavika Murugan, Catherine Jensen Pena, Ilana Witten). This dataset contains all information required to recreate figures from the paper. , Transgenic mice expressing the calcium-sensitive fluorescent indicator GCamp6f in dopamine neurons were used to perform 2-photon calcium imaging of ventral tegmental area as mice were presented with various social and food stimuli. See paper for detailed paradigm methods. Regions of interest (ROIs) containing putative single neurons were extracted using suite2p. Contents of this dataset include:

2p_aligned: aligned time traces for imaging ROIs & neuropil; syncing signals for behavior analysis 2p_ops: output ROIs and statistics from suite2p for each imaging session body: DeepLabCut tracking files for points on the body of the imaged and stimulus mice for each relevant imaging session pupil: DeepLabCut tracking files for points on the pupil of the imaged mouse for each relevant imaging session tongue: tracking of if the tongue was seen as a proxy for licking for each relevant imaging session usv: syllable_sequence files from MUPET across sessions, usv_count summary syllable count da...,