Social Media, Dopamine, and Productivity Dataset

Overview

This dataset explores the relationship between social media usage patterns, reward-seeking behavior, attention, productivity, and digital wellbeing.

The dataset contains 300 synthetic participant records with demographic information, social media behavior, screen-time habits, sleep and exercise patterns, attention-related measures, productivity indicators, and digital wellbeing metrics.

It is designed for exploratory data analysis, visualization, statistical analysis, feature engineering, and machine learning practice.

Dataset Contents

The dataset includes variables covering:

• Demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education, employment, nationality, and country of residence
• Social media usage including daily usage, checking frequency, platform preferences, and usage during work or study
• Digital behavior including doomscrolling, purposeless scrolling, notifications, and late-night scrolling
• Reward-seeking and behavioral indicators including dopamine-rush feelings, FOMO, validation seeking, and difficulty delaying gratification
• Attention and productivity measures including attention span, deep-work duration, task switching, concentration difficulty, and productivity ratings
• Wellbeing-related variables including sleep quality, exercise frequency, mental fog, irritability, anxiety, and restlessness
• Digital wellbeing and social media risk indicators
• Productivity decline and dopamine dysregulation scores

Potential Research Questions

This dataset can be used to investigate questions such as:

1. Is higher social media usage associated with lower self-rated productivity?
2. How does social media checking frequency relate to attention span?
3. Is late-night scrolling associated with sleep quality?
4. Does frequent social media use during work or study relate to task switching?
5. How are FOMO, validation seeking, and reward-seeking behavior related to productivity?
6. What behavioral factors are associated with higher social media addiction risk?
7. Is digital wellbeing associated with productivity and deep-work duration?
8. Can social media behavior be used to predict productivity decline?

Data Type

The dataset is synthetic and intended primarily for educational, exploratory, and machine-learning purposes. It does not represent a clinical population and should not be used to make medical or psychological diagnoses.

Important Note

All participant records are synthetic. The dataset should be interpreted as a simulated dataset for research practice rather than as evidence of causal relationships between social media use, dopamine, mental health, or productivity.

Suggested Uses

This dataset is suitable for:

• Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
• Data visualization
• Correlation analysis
• Statistical modeling
• Classification and regression exercises
• Feature engineering
• Machine learning experimentation
• Digital wellbeing research projects
• Student and portfolio projects

Limitations

Because the data are synthetic and many variables are self-reported or simulated, relationships observed in the dataset should not be generalized to real-world populations.

No causal conclusions should be drawn from correlations within this dataset.

This dataset was curated from the ChEMBL database and further enriched with RDKit-calculated molecular properties. It serves as a valuable resource for cheminformatics and machine learning tasks, particularly in drug-target interaction studies.

The dataset comprises around 3000 instances, each representing a unique molecule and its interaction with dopamine receptors. The key features include:

• ChEMBL ID and SMILES: Molecular identifiers and structure information.
• Experimental Data: EC50 values (nM), pEC50 values (log-transformed potency measure).
• Assay Type and Target Name: Experimental context and receptor subtype targeted - D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5.
• Molecular Descriptors:
• MW: Molecular Weight of the molecule in Da.
• LogP (Lipophilicity): Indicating hydrophobicity.
• H_Donors and H_Acceptors: Indicators of hydrogen bonding capacity.
• TPSA (Topological Polar Surface Area): Important for bioavailability.
• Ring_Count and Rotatable_Bonds: Measures of molecular complexity.

Background Though the dysfunction of central dopaminergic system has been proposed, the etiology or pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still uncertain partly due to limited accessibility to dopamine receptor. The purpose of this study was to define whether or not the easily accessible dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes can be the peripheral markers of schizophrenia.

   Results
   44 drug-medicated schizophrenics for more than 3 years, 28 drug-free schizophrenics for more than 3 months, 15 drug-naïve schizophrenic patients, and 31 healthy persons were enrolled. Sequential reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the mRNA were used to investigate the expression of D3 and D5 dopamine receptors in peripheral lymphocytes. The gene expression of dopamine receptors was compared in each group. After taking antipsychotics in drug-free and drug-naïve patients, the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were sequentially studied 2nd week and 8th week after medication.
   In drug-free schizophrenics, D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression of peripheral lymphocytes significantly increased compared to that of controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics, and D5 dopamine receptor mRNA expression increased compared to that of drug-medicated schizophrenics. After taking antipsychotics, mRNA of dopamine receptors peaked at 2nd week, after which it decreases but the level was above baseline one at 8th week. Drug-free and drug-naïve patients were divided into two groups according to dopamine receptor expression before medications, and the group of patients with increased dopamine receptor expression had more severe psychiatric symptoms.


   Conclusions
   These results reveal that the molecular biologically-determined dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes are reactive, and that increased expression of dopamine receptor in peripheral lymphocyte has possible clinical significance for subgrouping of schizophrenis.

A collection of 12 brain maps. Each brain map is a 3D array of values representing properties of the brain at different locations.

Collection description

Two studies of healthy, human adults examining associations between adult chronological age, dopamine D2-like receptors measured with [18F]Fallypride in one study and [11C]FLB457 in the other study, and neuropsychological measures of cognition and psychomotor speed. Fallypride data set collected at Vanderbilt University in the Zald Lab. FLB457 data set collected at Yale University in the Samanez-Larkin Lab. Data analyzed at Duke University in the Samanez-Larkin Lab.

Dopamine is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body. It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of its precursor chemical L-DOPA, which is synthesized in the brain and kidneys. Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals. The dopamine system plays a central role in several significant medical conditions, including Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is an age-related disorder characterized by movement disorders such as stiffness of the body, slowing of movement, and trembling of limbs when they are not in use. The main symptoms are caused by the loss of dopamine-secreting cells in the substantia nigra. These dopamine cells are especially vulnerable to damage, and a variety of insults, including encephalitis (as depicted in the book and movie "Awakenings"), repeated sports-related concussions, and some forms of chemical poisoning such as MPTP, can lead to substantial cell loss, producing a parkinsonian syndrome that is similar in its main features to Parkinson's disease. The most widely used treatment for parkinsonism is administration of L-DOPA, the metabolic precursor for dopamine. L-DOPA is converted to dopamine in the brain and various parts of the body by the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase. L-DOPA is used rather than dopamine itself because, unlike dopamine, it is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. Description source: Wikipedia. Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the CPTAC Assay Portal.

See the file README.docx for description of data files.

Goal-directed navigation requires animals to continuously evaluate their current direction and speed of travel relative to landmarks to discern whether they are approaching or deviating from their goal. Striatal dopamine release signals the reward-predictive value of cues1,2, likely contributing to motivation3,4, but it is unclear how dopamine incorporates an animal’s ongoing trajectory for effective behavioral guidance. We demonstrate that cue-evoked striatal dopamine release in mice encodes bi-directional 'trajectory errors' reflecting the relationship between the speed and direction of ongoing movement relative to optimal goal trajectories. Trajectory error signals could be computed from locomotion or visual flow, and were independent from simultaneous dopamine increases reflecting learned cue value. Joint trajectory error and cue value encoding were reproduced by the RPE term in a standard reinforcement learning algorithm with mixed sensorimotor inputs. However, these two signals had distinct state space requirements, suggesting that they could arise from a common reinforcement learning algorithm with distinct neural inputs. Striatum-wide multi-fiber array measurements resolved overlapping, yet temporally and anatomically separable representations of trajectory error and cue-value, indicating how functionally distinct dopamine signals for motivation and guidance are multiplexed across striatal regions to facilitate goal-directed behavior.

We tested pre and post-surgeried (optogenetically exciting vs. inhibiting) tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta while mice produced at least a 3s-long interval by depressing a lever for reward.

Robo-Dopamine-GRM-Dataset

A large-scale vision-language dataset for general robotic process reward modeling.

  Overview

Robo-Dopamine studies general process reward modeling for robotic manipulation. The core GRM setting asks a vision-language model to compare robot states under a task instruction and estimate whether an AFTER state has made progress over a BEFORE state. This dataset provides image references and instruction-following… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/tanhuajie2001/Robo-Dopamine-GRM-Dataset.

Source data for our study on dopamine hub synapses Dopamine transmission is involved in reward processing and motor control, and its impairment plays a central role in numerous neurological disorders. Despite its strong pathophysiological relevance, the molecular and structural organization of the dopaminergic synapse remains to be established. Here, we used targeted labelling and fluorescence activated sorting to purify striatal dopaminergic synaptosomes. We provide the proteome of dopaminergic synapses with 57 proteins specifically enriched. Beyond canonical markers of dopamine neurotransmission such as dopamine biosynthetic enzymes and cognate receptors, we validated 6 proteins not previously described as enriched (Cpne7, Apba1/Mint1, Cadps2, Cadm2/SynCAM 2, Stx4, Mgll). Moreover, our data reveal the adhesion of dopaminergic synapses to glutamatergic, GABAergic or cholinergic synapses in structures we named “dopamine hub synapses”. At glutamatergic synapses, pre- and postsynaptic markers are significantly increased upon association with dopamine synapses. Dopamine hub synapses may thus support local dopaminergic signalling, complementing volume transmission thought to be the major mechanism by which monoamines modulate network activity.

The regulation of the dopamine transporter (DAT) impacts extracellular dopamine levels after release from dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, a variety of protein partners have been identified that can interact with and modulate DAT function. In this study we show that DJ-1 can potentially modulate DAT function. Co-expression of DAT and DJ-1 in HEK-293T cells leads to an increase in [3H] dopamine uptake that does not appear to be mediated by increased total DAT expression but rather through an increase in DAT cell surface localization. In addition, through a series of GST affinity purifications and co-immunoprecipitations, we provide evidence that the DAT can be found in a complex with DJ-1, which involve distinct regions within both DAT and DJ-1. Using in vitro binding experiments we also show that this complex can be formed in part by a direct interaction between DAT and DJ-1. Co-expression of a mini-gene that can disrupt the DAT/DJ-1 complex appears to block the increase in [3H] dopamine uptake by DJ-1. Mutations in DJ-1 have been linked to familial forms of Parkinson’s disease, yet the normal physiological function of DJ-1 remains unclear. Our study suggests that DJ-1 may also play a role in regulating dopamine levels by modifying DAT activity.

Analyzed sessions data structure for all data collected. Data structures include multidimensional behavioral data extracted from video and external sensors as well as simultaneous photometry recordings from multiple locations in the mouse brain. All datasets are aligned to include the first ~1000 trials of learning for >20 animals. A subset of animals received optogenetic perturbations during learning as described in the paper / methods.

Corpus-verified analysis of 298 PubMed studies on Dopamine Antagonists. Includes evidence scores, research domain classification, study type breakdown, and velocity metrics.

This repository includes dataset and python scripts for figure and data analysis of the study "Sequence termination cues drive habit-like strategy via dopamine-mediated processes". This repository is composed of 3 folders; datasets, python scripts and python functions.

Background Dopamine was shown to stimulate the perivitelline fluid secretion by the albumen gland. Even though the albumen gland has been shown to contain catecholaminergic fibers and its innervation has been studied, the type of catecholamines, distribution of fibers and the precise source of this neural innervation has not yet been deduced. This study was designed to address these issues and examine the correlation between dopamine concentration and the sexual status of snails.

   Results
   Dopaminergic neurons were found in all ganglia except the pleural and right parietal, and their axons in all ganglia and major nerves of the brain. In the albumen gland dopaminergic axons formed a nerve tract in the central region, and a uniform net in other areas. Neuronal cell bodies were present in the vicinity of the axons. Dopamine was a major catecholamine in the brain and the albumen gland. No significant difference in dopamine quantity was found when the brain and the albumen gland of randomly mating, virgin and first time mated snails were compared.


   Conclusions
   Our results represent the first detailed studies regarding the catecholamine innervation and quantitation of neurotransmitters in the albumen gland. In this study we localized catecholaminergic neurons and axons in the albumen gland and the brain, identified these neurons and axons as dopaminergic, reported monoamines present in the albumen gland and the brain, and compared the dopamine content in the brain and the albumen gland of randomly mating, virgin and first time mated snails.

Raw Data for publication titled Chronic hyperactivation of midbrain dopamine neurons causes preferential dopamine neuron degeneration.

Background Though the dysfunction of central dopaminergic system has been proposed, the etiology or pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still uncertain partly due to limited accessibility to dopamine receptor. The purpose of this study was to define whether or not the easily accessible dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes can be the peripheral markers of schizophrenia.

   Results
   44 drug-medicated schizophrenics for more than 3 years, 28 drug-free schizophrenics for more than 3 months, 15 drug-naïve schizophrenic patients, and 31 healthy persons were enrolled. Sequential reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the mRNA were used to investigate the expression of D3 and D5 dopamine receptors in peripheral lymphocytes. The gene expression of dopamine receptors was compared in each group. After taking antipsychotics in drug-free and drug-naïve patients, the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were sequentially studied 2nd week and 8th week after medication.
   In drug-free schizophrenics, D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression of peripheral lymphocytes significantly increased compared to that of controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics, and D5 dopamine receptor mRNA expression increased compared to that of drug-medicated schizophrenics. After taking antipsychotics, mRNA of dopamine receptors peaked at 2nd week, after which it decreases but the level was above baseline one at 8th week. Drug-free and drug-naïve patients were divided into two groups according to dopamine receptor expression before medications, and the group of patients with increased dopamine receptor expression had more severe psychiatric symptoms.


   Conclusions
   These results reveal that the molecular biologically-determined dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes are reactive, and that increased expression of dopamine receptor in peripheral lymphocyte has possible clinical significance for subgrouping of schizophrenis.

Dopamine in the striatum strongly regulates behavioral output in a heterogenous across the various striatal subregions. Moreover, dopamine dynamics not only displays heterogeneity across brain structures but also within males and females. The purpose of this dataset was to evaluate the dopamine dynamics in male and female mice and rats across five subregions: the dorsolateral caudate, ventromedial caudate, nucleus accumbens core, nucleus accumbens lateral shell, and the nucleus accumbens medial shell. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) was employed to measure dopamine release and uptake following a single pulse electrical stimulation in each of these subregions within a single brain slice. The dopamine dynamics were also observed across a variety of stimulation amplitudes. The goal of this dataset was to produce systematic FSCV measurements of dopamine across the rodent striatum using FSCV which would be available as a resource for further investigation of DA terminal function., Detailed methods can be found in the manuscript., , # Comparison of dopamine release and uptake parameters across sex, species and striatal subregions

Description of the data and file structure

This data set includes 12 mice (6 male, 6 female) and 12 rats (6 male, 6 female). One rostral (mouse: 1.33-1.09 AP; rat: 2.20-1.60 AP) and one caudal (mouse: 0.97-0.73 AP, rat: 1.20-0.70 AP) brain slice from each animal hemisected so that a total of 4 data points were collected per animal. All slices were run in parallel, and an additional slice was collected from each animal to serve as a control for slice health and electrode stability throughout the recording period. Data identifiers have been designated as follows: Species (Ms= mouse or Rt=rat), Sex (M=male; F=female), animal number, slice identity (r=rostral, c=caudal), slice number. Example: MsM1_r1 would be mouse, male 1, rostral slice 1.Â

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The study was designed to maximize the data collected, allowing for within subject comparison by measuring dopamine signals from 5 different b...

Data from: Dopamine subsystems that track internal states

Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.zgmsbccsf

Description of the data and file structure

This dataset contains data from the published paper titled "Dopamine subsystems that track internal states" published by Grove et al., in Nature, 2022. This article can be accessed here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04954-0. We have submitted the raw data for this manuscript, with each file containing the data necessary to replicate the graphs in each main figure. Each sheet contains data separated by subfigure, and, where relevant, by graphs within that subfigure. The top row of each sheet contains additional information about the data structure.

This dataset contains the data underlying the main figures presented in Grove et al., 2022. Data are provided as Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) files, where each file corresponds to a primary figu...

Data and results for main figures in "Inferring spikes from calcium in dopamine neurons" (Fleming & Jewell et al. 2021).in_vitro.zip contains data and spike inference results for in vitro experiments in Fig 1.pavlovian.zip contains data and spike inference results for unexpected reward and Pavlovian experiments in Figs 2-3.vr_maze.zip contains data and spike inference results for virtual reality maze experiment in Fig 4.Each folder contains a readme describing organization and contents.