In January 2025, apartment rents recorded an annual growth in most U.S. states. Nevertheless, the national average rent declined by about *** percent. West Virginia was the state with the largest rental increase, while Colorado measured the largest decline. California, one of the most expensive states to rent an apartment, such as California, saw an increase of about *** percent from the previous year. How much should you earn to afford to rent an apartment in different states in the U.S.? Both employment opportunities and the living costs vary widely across the country. In California, which is among the most competitive housing markets in the U.S., the hourly wage needed to afford a two-bedroom apartment rental was roughly ** U.S. dollars, more than twice higher than in North Carolina, Louisiana, or Michigan in 2024. When it comes to the median household income, on the other hand, California does not even make it in the top ten states. How much should you earn to afford a home in some of U.S. largest metros? In 2022, the annual salary needed to buy a median-priced home in the U.S. was ****** U.S. dollars. However, in some of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States, where housing prices are up to two or three times higher, homebuyers would have to earn more than 100,000 U.S. dollars to afford a home. In San Jose, which was the most expensive metro, the annual salary needed for a median-priced home was approximately ******* U.S. dollars.

The U.S. housing market has slowed, after ** consecutive years of rising home prices. In 2021, house prices surged by an unprecedented ** percent, marking the highest increase on record. However, the market has since cooled, with the Freddie Mac House Price Index showing more modest growth between 2022 and 2024. In 2024, home prices increased by *** percent. That was lower than the long-term average of *** percent since 1990. Impact of mortgage rates on homebuying The recent cooling in the housing market can be partly attributed to rising mortgage rates. After reaching a record low of **** percent in 2021, the average annual rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage more than doubled in 2023. This significant increase has made homeownership less affordable for many potential buyers, contributing to a substantial decline in home sales. Despite these challenges, forecasts suggest a potential recovery in the coming years. How much does it cost to buy a house in the U.S.? In 2023, the median sales price of an existing single-family home reached a record high of over ******* U.S. dollars. Newly built homes were even pricier, despite a slight decline in the median sales price in 2023. Naturally, home prices continue to vary significantly across the country, with West Virginia being the most affordable state for homebuyers.

The price of multifamily units under construction in the United States increased significantly more than that of single-family homes in 2024. While the price of single-family houses was *** percent higher than in the previous year, those figures amounted to over **** percent for multifamily residential units. The overall cost of construction materials in the U.S. increased noticeably in 2021 and 2022.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

Dassault Systemes Aims for Double Digit EPS Growth by 2028

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in China expanded 5.20 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides - China GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

TRREB Releases 2022 Q4 Rental Market Statistics Average condominium apartment rents continued to increase by double-digit annual rates in the fourth quarter of 2022. However, while market conditions remained tight enough to support very strong rent growth, there was more balance in the rental marketplace compared to the same period a year earlier in 2021. The number of condominium apartment rental transactions reported through the Toronto Regional Real Estate Board9s (TRREB) MLS® System was down on a yearover-year basis by 19.9 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2022. The number of rental listings was also down over the same period, but by a lesser annual rate of 11.8 per cent. The fact that the number of units leased was down by more than the number of units listed suggests that would-be renters benefitted from more choice compared to a year ago. "Strong population growth based on record immigration and robust job creation across a diversity of economic sectors drove rental demand in 2022. In addition, aggressive interest rate hikes by the Bank of Canada impacted affordability for many households, prompting a shift from homeownership to rental. All of these factors will continue to support strong rental demand in 2023," said TRREB President Paul Baron. The average rent for a one-bedroom condominium apartment increased by 19 per cent to $2,503 in the fourth quarter of 2022. Over the same period, the average two-bedroom rent increased by 14.1 per cent to $3,178. "Tight rental market conditions and strong rent increases will be the norm more often than not for the foreseeable future. On one hand, we will continue to experience strong rental demand in the GTA based on solid fundamentals. On the other hand, the persistent supply shortage will continue to result in strong competition between wouldbe renters, exerting upward pressure on rents. The solution is no secret: we need to see new policies pointed on more supply to translate into shovels in the ground for many years to come," said TRREB Chief Market Analyst Jason Mercer.

According to data from August 2024, online prices in the United States slightly decreased compared to the previous year, showing signs that inflationary pressures are gradually easing in many e-commerce segments. For instance, online prices in the electronics category decreased **** percent year-over-year, and computers in particular have seen their online prices decrease nearly *** percent compared to August 2023. While other segments like grocery and personal care are still experiencing online price increases (**** percent and *** percent, respectively), inflation in those categories is slowing down compared to the double-digit monthly price increases experienced in those segments in 2022.

Wheel Balancers Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global wheel balancers market size stood at USD 1.45 billion in 2024. The market is set to grow at a robust CAGR of 5.7% during the forecast period, reaching USD 2.28 billion by 2033. This growth is propelled by the escalating demand for vehicle safety, increasing automotive production, and the rising emphasis on efficient tire maintenance across the globe. The wheel balancers market continues to evolve as automotive technologies advance and consumer awareness regarding vehicle maintenance intensifies.

A significant growth driver for the wheel balancers market is the growing global vehicle fleet, particularly in emerging economies. As disposable incomes rise and urbanization accelerates, more consumers are purchasing vehicles, leading to increased demand for regular tire maintenance and balancing. This trend is especially prominent in Asia Pacific and Latin America, where the automotive sector is experiencing double-digit growth rates. Furthermore, the proliferation of high-performance and luxury vehicles, which require precise wheel balancing for optimal performance, is further fueling the uptake of advanced wheel balancers.

Technological innovation is another key factor catalyzing the expansion of the wheel balancers market. Manufacturers are investing in research and development to introduce sophisticated balancing systems featuring digital interfaces, laser-guided alignment, and automated diagnostics. These advancements not only improve the accuracy and efficiency of the balancing process but also reduce the time and labor required, making them highly attractive for professional automotive service providers. The integration of IoT and connectivity features is also transforming wheel balancers into smart workshop tools, enabling predictive maintenance and remote diagnostics.

The growing stringency of vehicle safety regulations worldwide is compelling automotive repair shops and dealerships to adopt advanced wheel balancing equipment. Regulatory authorities in North America and Europe, for instance, have introduced rigorous standards to ensure road safety, which include mandates for regular tire inspection and maintenance. This regulatory push, coupled with increasing consumer awareness about the importance of wheel balancing for vehicle safety and fuel efficiency, is expected to sustain high demand for wheel balancers over the next decade.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific market is emerging as a powerhouse in the wheel balancers industry, driven by rapid industrialization, robust automotive manufacturing, and expanding aftermarket services. North America and Europe, while relatively mature, continue to witness steady demand due to their large vehicle parc and focus on technological upgrades in automotive workshops. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually catching up, supported by improving economic conditions and rising vehicle ownership rates. This diverse regional landscape ensures a balanced and sustained growth trajectory for the global wheel balancers market.

Product Type Analysis

The wheel balancers market is segmented by product type into static wheel balancers, dynamic wheel balancers, portable wheel balancers, and others. Static wheel balancers, though traditional, remain popular in small-scale repair shops and regions with lower vehicle densities due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of use. However, their limited precision and manual operation restrict their adoption in high-volume or technologically advanced service centers. As automotive technology evolves, the market share of static wheel balancers is gradually being eroded by more sophisticated solutions, although they still hold relevance in price-sensitive markets and for specific vehicle categories like two-wheelers.

Dynamic wheel balancers have emerged as the dominant product type, accounting for a substantial portion of the global market in 2024. These systems offer superior accuracy by detecting both static and dynamic imbalances, ensuring optimal tire performance and longevity. Dynamic wheel balancers are increasingly favored by automotive repair shops, tire shops, and car dealerships, particularly those servicing high-performance vehicles and commercial fleets. Their ability to handle a broad range of tire sizes and configurations makes them indispensable in modern workshops. Continuous product innovation, such as touchless me

The jewelry rental market is experiencing significant growth, driven by evolving consumer preferences towards sustainable consumption, access to luxury goods, and the increasing popularity of subscription models. The market's value, while not explicitly stated, can be reasonably estimated based on the presence of numerous established players like Rent the Runway, Rocksbox, and Vivrelle, indicating a substantial market size. The considerable number of companies operating in this niche, across various rental models (short-term and long-term) and applications (personal and business), suggests a robust and expanding sector. Furthermore, the geographic spread across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and other regions points to a global market with diverse consumer bases and varying levels of market maturity. The CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate), though not provided, is likely to be in the high single digits or low double digits, reflecting the strong growth drivers at play. Factors such as increasing disposable incomes in developing economies and a growing awareness of ethical and sustainable consumption patterns further contribute to market expansion. The market segmentation, encompassing short-term and long-term rentals for both personal and business use, allows for targeted marketing strategies and product offerings. The short-term rental segment, particularly for events and special occasions, likely commands a significant portion of the market share, fueled by the desire for unique and high-end jewelry without the hefty price tag of outright purchase. Meanwhile, the long-term rental model caters to a different segment of consumers seeking regular access to luxury pieces, offering a cost-effective alternative to ownership. Future growth will likely be influenced by technological advancements, such as improved online platforms and personalized recommendation systems, enhancing the overall customer experience. Challenges include the risk of damage or loss of rented jewelry, and the need for robust insurance and logistical infrastructure to support a seamless rental experience. Competitive pressures will also shape the market dynamics, requiring companies to differentiate themselves through innovative business models, superior customer service, and a curated selection of high-demand jewelry pieces.

Passive investing's popularity in Europe's fund investment industry is on the rise. Traditionally, active management strategies have led the way but now, many investors are relying less on the expertise of fund managers and letting market indices take the wheel. The ease of use, lower fees and steady returns of passive or tracker funds, which mimic a stock index's performance, are drawing in a sea of investors who prefer more hands-off, cost-effective investment strategies. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 1.6% over the five years through 2024 to €32 billion, including an estimated hike of 1.3% in 2024, Profitability is also slated to swell as demand and revenue climb. Passive investment is gaining traction and investment players are taking note. Major asset managers across Europe like Amundi are ramping up their passive investment capabilities after seeing strong growth in their passive funds compared to their active ones. However, regardless of an investor’s exposure to active or passive investments, both are subject to movements in capital markets, which have proved particularly volatile in recent years. Following a terrible 2022 amid the rising base rate environment, capital markets regained their footing in 2023 as large-cap tech stocks drove growth and investors bet on the end of rate hikes, inciting significant capital inflows at the end of the year. Investors are cautiously optimistic for 2024, although they aren’t banking on seeing double-digit growth. Revenue is forecast to mount at a compound annual rate of 8.5% over the five years through 2029 to €48.2 billion. Technology advancements and the rise in online trading platforms offering passive ETFs at a comparatively low cost suggest the market will keep expanding. What's more, rapidly rising interest in sustainable investing has been a powerful growth catalyst for passive ESG vehicles, which have seen nearly triple the demand of their active counterparts. However, it's worth noting that most European exchange-traded fund issuers believe that active funds still have a fighting chance in the ESG arena.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Carbon Black N550 market size will be USD 32154.5 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 12861.80 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 9646.35 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 7395.54 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1607.73 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 643.09 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The purity 99% is the fastest-growing segment of the Carbon Black N550 industry

Market Dynamics of Carbon Black N550 Market

Key Drivers for Carbon Black N550 Market

Increasing Demand from the Automotive Industry to Boost Market Growth

Carbon Black N550 is widely utilized in tire manufacturing for its ability to improve tire durability, strength, and wear resistance. With the global automotive industry showing steady growth, especially in emerging markets, the demand for high-performance tires is rising. In 2023, global car sales saw a significant rebound, increasing by nearly 10% and surpassing 72 million units as supply chain disruptions eased. Despite challenges like high inflation and rising interest rates, car sales in North America remained stable, with the region experiencing a 15% growth. The United States also saw a double-digit increase in new car sales, rising by 14.4% compared to the previous year. In China, car sales reached over 22 million units in 2023, marking a 4.5% year-over-year increase. Notably, China accounts for almost 31% of global car sales. The growth in vehicle production and sales, particularly in regions such as Asia-Pacific, North America, and Europe, is driving increased demand for Carbon Black N550, supported by rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and improving living standards.

Growing Demand in Industrial Rubber Products to Drive Market Growth

In addition to its use in tires, Carbon Black N550 is also essential in the production of other industrial rubber products such as belts, hoses, seals, and gaskets. As industrialization grows in developing countries, particularly within the construction, manufacturing, and transportation sectors, the demand for durable rubber goods is rising, which in turn boosts the demand for Carbon Black N550. India, the sixth-largest rubber producer in the world and the second-largest consumer after China has seen a notable increase in both rubber production and consumption. In FY23, the cumulative production of natural rubber grew by 8.51%, reaching 714,000 tonnes between April and January, compared to 658,000 tonnes in the same period of FY22. Similarly, natural rubber consumption rose by 9.60%, reaching 1.12 million tonnes in FY23 compared to 1.02 million tonnes in FY22. In January 2023, natural rubber consumption increased by 2.8%, reaching 112,000 tonnes, up from 109,000 tonnes in December 2022. Carbon Black N550 is widely used in rubber compounding to enhance abrasion resistance and improve the physical properties of rubber products. Its versatility makes it increasingly popular for a wide range of industrial applications.

Restraint Factor for the Carbon Black N550 Market

Environmental Concerns, Stringent Regulations and High Production Costs Will Limit Market Growth

The production of carbon black, including Carbon Black N550, is energy-intensive and involves the release of various pollutants, including particulate matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The growing global focus on reducing industrial emissions and adhering to environmental regulations is a significant restraint for the market. The production of Carbon Black N550 requires high amounts of energy, which increases operational costs. This factor is particularly problematic as energy prices conti...

In 2024, online advertising revenues in the United States will reach an estimated 252.8 billion U.S. dollars, over twice as much as all other listed media combined. According to the projections, digital ad spending will continue to expand over the following four years, surpassing 275 billion dollars by 2028. Meanwhile, the results of broadcast TV will decrease. Radio and out-of-home (OOH) – including digital out-of-home (DOOH) – media will experience compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) of 0.6 and 2.4 percent in the period, respectively. It is a digital world, after all The internet's hegemony in the American market seems far from reaching a ceiling despite its skyrocketing growth throughout the 21st century. Between 2013 and 2023, online ad revenue in the U.S. increased more than five-fold, reaching 225 billion dollars in the latter year. Search, display, and video collectively accounted for over 90 percent of that figure, making them the U.S. leading formats by share of the digital ad spend. Traditional media's role in the ad landscape The ranking of fastest-growing ad media in the U.S. in 2023 reveals that only business-to-business (B2B) channels recorded double-digit increase rates. Cinema – still recovering from the pandemic – followed, along with the internet and OOH advertising.

Building materials made of steel, copper and other metals had some of the highest price growth rates in the U.S. in the first half of 2025 in comparison to the previous year. The growth rate of the cost of several construction materials was slightly lower than in late 2024. It is important to note, though, that the figures provided are Producer Price Indices, which cover production within the United States, but do not include imports or tariffs. This might matter for lumber, as Canada's wood production is normally large enough that the U.S. can import it from its neighboring country. Construction material prices in the United Kingdom Similarly to these trends in the U.S., at that time the price growth rate of construction materials in the UK were generally lower 2024 than in 2023. Nevertheless, the cost of some construction materials in the UK still rose that year, with several of those items reaching price growth rates of over **** percent. Considering that those materials make up a very big share of the costs incurred for a construction project, those developments may also have affected the average construction output price in the UK. Construction material shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic During the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic, there often were supply problems and material shortages, which created instability in the construction market. According to a survey among construction contractors, the construction materials most affected by shortages in the U.S. during most of 2021 were steel and lumber. This was also a problem on the other side of the Atlantic: The share of building construction companies experiencing shortages in Germany soared between March and June 2021, staying at high levels for over a year. Meanwhile, the shortage of material or equipment was one of the main factors limiting the building activity in France in June 2022.

Petroleum refiners have experienced volatile conditions in recent years since crude oil is the primary input cost for refiners in the United States. Crude oil is a highly volatile commodity as a result of its sensitivity to microeconomic and macroeconomic factors, including volatile production, demand and the health of global economies. As petroleum refiners pass these prices to customers, industry returns see similar volatility. With an uptick in crude oil prices through 2025, industry revenue has pushed up at a CAGR of 16.5% to an estimated $821.8 billion, including a 3.3% dip in 2025 alone. The period started slow, as the pandemic weakened global productivity, cutting down the need for petroleum-based products like fuel. As the economy recovered, so did prices, allowing refineries to exhibit double-digit growth in 2021 and 2022. As prices came down, revenue eventually fell slightly. Nonetheless, these volatile conditions caused some companies to exit the industry. High barriers also discouraged new entrants, so most of the period was marked by expanding existing facilities rather than building new ones. This results in a high concentration of refineries, predominantly located along the Gulf Coast in Texas, Louisiana and California. Unlike standalone refiners, large integrated companies manage crude oil reserves to mitigate price volatility, maintaining stable profitability despite oil price fluctuations. Petroleum refiners face long-term challenges from the transition to green energy, driven by more investment in renewables and electric vehicle infrastructure from the Inflation Reduction Act. As the need for motor gasoline falls with the rise of electric cars, refineries may shift towards carbon capture technologies and chemical production to remain viable. While many refineries have closed recently, some may convert to renewable fuel facilities, as seen in Marathon's partnership with Nestle. Despite these challenges, the US remains a global leader in oil production, so refineries will still exhibit slight growth moving forward. Overall, revenue is set to push up at a CAGR of 0.5% through 2030, reaching $844.0 billion in 2030.

The price optimization software and solution market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for businesses to enhance profitability and competitiveness in a dynamic pricing environment. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors, including the rising adoption of e-commerce, the proliferation of data-driven decision-making, and the growing complexity of pricing strategies across various industries. Companies are increasingly leveraging sophisticated algorithms and AI-powered tools to analyze vast amounts of data, allowing for real-time price adjustments based on competitor pricing, demand fluctuations, and inventory levels. This enables businesses to optimize pricing for maximum revenue generation while maintaining customer satisfaction. The market is segmented by deployment (cloud-based and on-premise), solution type (dynamic pricing, revenue management, and price intelligence), industry (retail, e-commerce, travel and hospitality, manufacturing, etc.), and geography. Competition is intense, with a diverse range of established players and emerging startups offering a wide spectrum of solutions to cater to the specific needs of different market segments. Continued innovation in areas like machine learning and predictive analytics will further shape the market landscape, leading to the emergence of even more advanced and efficient price optimization solutions in the coming years. The forecast period of 2025-2033 suggests continued expansion, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) that will likely be in the high single digits or low double digits, considering the industry trends. This sustained growth is expected due to factors including the increasing adoption of subscription models for software, the rising penetration of cloud computing, and the ongoing demand for improved efficiency and profitability in pricing strategies across various business sectors. While challenges like initial investment costs and the need for skilled personnel to manage these complex systems exist, the overall return on investment from optimized pricing strategies is driving market growth. Furthermore, the ongoing integration of price optimization software with other enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM) systems is streamlining operations and further boosting market adoption.

Full Year GDP Growth in India decreased to 6.50 percent in 2025 from 9.20 percent in 2024. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for India Full Year GDP Growth.

House prices in Hungary continued their rapid growth in early 2020, after registering double digit year-on-year figures in 2019. This growth was fuelled by several things, such as improving economic conditions and employment, growing wages, and low interest rates. In Q1 2020, the price of a house in the Central European country increased by around ***** percent year-on-year when adjusted for inflation, but this was a slowdown compared to previous quarters.

Rents in England's capital, London, declined by *** percent annually as of January 2025. Nevertheless, many boroughs recorded growing rental prices, with Bromley and Croydon observing double-digit growth. Across the region, Croydon, Barking, Dagenham, and Havering ranked as some of the most affordable areas to rent. As shown by the Index of Private Housing Rental Prices, rents in the UK have soared since the COVID-19 pandemic.

The UK inflation rate was 3.6 percent in June 2025, up from 3.4 percent in the previous month, and the fastest rate of inflation since January 2024. Between September 2022 and March 2023, the UK experienced seven months of double-digit inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. Due to this long period of high inflation, UK consumer prices have increased by over 20 percent in the last three years. As of the most recent month, prices were rising fastest in the communications sector, at 6.1 percent, but were falling in both the furniture and transport sectors, at -0.3 percent and -0.6 percent, respectively.
The Cost of Living Crisis High inflation is one of the main factors behind the ongoing Cost of Living Crisis in the UK, which, despite subsiding somewhat in 2024, is still impacting households going into 2025. In December 2024, for example, 56 percent of UK households reported their cost of living was increasing compared with the previous month, up from 45 percent in July, but far lower than at the height of the crisis in 2022. After global energy prices spiraled that year, the UK's energy price cap increased substantially. The cap, which limits what suppliers can charge consumers, reached 3,549 British pounds per year in October 2022, compared with 1,277 pounds a year earlier. Along with soaring food costs, high-energy bills have hit UK households hard, especially lower income ones that spend more of their earnings on housing costs. As a result of these factors, UK households experienced their biggest fall in living standards in decades in 2022/23. Global inflation crisis causes rapid surge in prices The UK's high inflation, and cost of living crisis in 2022 had its origins in the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the initial waves of the virus, global supply chains struggled to meet the renewed demand for goods and services. Food and energy prices, which were already high, increased further in 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought an end to the era of cheap gas flowing to European markets from Russia. The war also disrupted global food markets, as both Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of cereal crops. As a result of these factors, inflation surged across Europe and in other parts of the world, but typically declined in 2023, and approached more usual levels by 2024.

In 2024, the real gross domestic product (GDP) of Shanghai municipality in China increased by around *** percent from the previous year. Shanghai is the most populous city in China and has the largest GDP of all Chinese cities. It is located in Eastern China on the southern estuary at the mouth of the Yangtze river. Development of GDP growth in Shanghai As a bridgehead to global markets and a forerunner in market opening, Shanghai experienced a decades long economic boom, which massively changed the shape of the city. Economic growth rates had double digits for more than two decades since 1992 and were well above the Chinese national average. This changed fundamentally with the global financial crisis. In 2008, the growth rate fell below ten percent and gradually declined thereafter. Growth rates now got closer to the national average of GDP growth. While the economic development in Shanghai has already reached a high level, other regions in China are catching up, and growth rates in many inland regions of China are now higher than in Shanghai. This is especially true on a city level, with many lower-tier cities experiencing higher growth rates than Shanghai. Sector distribution of GDP growth Upon closer examination of the distribution of GDP across economic sectors, it becomes obvious that the service sector of the economy exhibited the highest growth rates in most of the recent years. In 2024, services already accounted for more than ** percent of the value added to the GDP, which is far above the national average. In contrast, the industrial sector, which had once been of great importance to Shanghai's economy, is losing momentum and its share in total economic output is shrinking constantly. Financial intermediation and information industries were branches in the service sector that displayed the fastest growth rates in recent years.