Review of Economics and Statistics: Forthcoming. Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/sha256%3Af80fa6dadd2a45f3b4776009cacc309097d0fbb2079b0744a44a1e4dc540aff2 for complete metadata about this dataset.

In 2020, ** percent of Polish respondents stated that support they care about the most during downsizing was severance pay.

A survey from February 2025 found that around 67 percent of U.S. adults thought it was very or somewhat likely that the Trump administration’s plans to significantly downsize the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) would result in more illness and death in low-income countries. However, almost half of respondents also thought it was very or somewhat likely that downsizing USAID would significantly reduce the U.S. budget deficit. In January 2025, President Trump ordered a pause on funding for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and a 90-day review of all U.S. foreign assistance. By the end of March, the review had been completed, 83 percent of USAID programs were terminated, and it was announced that certain USAID functions would be overtaken by the Department of State while all others would be discontinued. Trump has said that the United States spends too much on foreign aid and accused USAID of being corrupt and a waste of money. However, foreign aid accounts for just one percent of the federal budget. Furthermore, it is predicted that millions of people will die due to the dissolution of USAID, as vulnerable people around the world will no longer be able to access prevention and treatment for diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the production of knowledge about Planning and Sizing of the Health Workforce (PDFTS) developed in Brazil, identifying models and methodologies that consider the Guidelines of the Unified Health System (SUS) for the constitution of regionalized care networks. This is an integrative review, including Brazilian studies and full text, in Portuguese, and available in the CAPES, BVS and Google Scholar databases. The searches returned 48,083 documents and, after selection with the PRISMA strategy, 62 studies published between 2011 and 2020 were included. Most of the analyzed productions approach the PDFTS with comparative analyzes between the estimated needs and the current availability, being more frequent the studies of only one professional category, with emphasis on nursing. The findings contribute to the debate on the essentiality of the health workforce for the conformation of networks, by demonstrating that the calculation methods favor the use of indicators and parameters related to the provision of services in specific health facilities, especially hospitals, not operationalizing aspects of regionalization and systemic integration of the Health Care Network.

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. The California correctional system underwent a dramatic transformation under California's Public Safety Realignment Act (AB 109) in 2011, a law that shifted from the state to the counties the responsibility for monitoring, tracking, and incarcerating lower level offenders previously bound for state prison. Realignment, therefore, presents the opportunity to witness 58 natural experiments in the downsizing of prisons. Counties faced different types of offenders, implemented different programs in different community and jail environments, and adopted differing sanctioning policies. This study examines the California's Public Safety Realignment Act's effect on counties' criminal justice institutions, including the disparities that result in charging, sentencing, and resource decisions.

ConvexHullsMinimum convex hull volumes for individual body segments of the Dreadnoughtus, Apatosaurus and Giraffatitan models.

Estimates of body mass often represent the founding assumption on which biomechanical and macroevolutionary hypotheses are based. Recently, a scaling equation was applied to a newly discovered titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur (Dreadnoughtus), yielding a 59 300 kg body mass estimate for this animal. Herein, we use a modelling approach to examine the plausibility of this mass estimate for Dreadnoughtus. We find that 59 300 kg for Dreadnoughtus is highly implausible and demonstrate that masses above 40 000 kg require high body densities and expansions of soft tissue volume outside the skeleton several times greater than found in living quadrupedal mammals. Similar results from a small sample of other archosaurs suggests that lower-end mass estimates derived from scaling equations are most plausible for Dreadnoughtus, based on existing volumetric and density data from extant animals. Although volumetric models appear to more tightly constrain dinosaur body mass, there remains a clear need to further support these models with more exhaustive data from living animals. The relative and absolute discrepancies in mass predictions between volumetric models and scaling equations also indicate a need to systematically compare predictions across a wide size and taxonomic range to better inform studies of dinosaur body size.

In 2020, according to ** percent of Polish employees, one of the most common support offered by their employers was severance pay. Followed by ** percent of Poles who stated that their employer supported them by issuance of references.

All primary data files of the journal article mentioned can be found here. The data is structured by the materials, electrodes, and models. The characterization data of each precursor and COF are located in the subfolders "Co(tapp)", "Co(ttpp)", "COF-A", "COF-T", "COF-367-Co", and "Co(tapp)-TPDA-COF". The characterization and catalysis data of electrodes are located in the subfolder "Electrodes". The structural model data are located in the subfolder "Modeling". The characterization and catalysis data are recorded experimentally. The structure model data are created by manual modeling and Rietveld refinement. The characterization and catalysis data can be used to replicate the experiments and to evaluate and compare the materials' properties with others. The structure model data can be used to investigate the materials' structures and to predict properties by computation.

Labor Turnover and Downsizing Trends in Taipei City: Time Series Statistical Data

Sociodemographic factors from the year before the downsizing event and proportion of people with purchases of sedatives and anxiolytics across the studied period and average number of purchases made.

ABSTRACT This article aims to assess the impact of the New Guideline of the Brazilian Accounting Pronouncements Committee (Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis - OCPC 07) on improving formal features (size, readability, and specificity) of Brazilian companies’ Notes. OCPC 07 is one of the world’s first guidelines issued in response to the current demand for the downsizing of companies’ Notes, which according to standard setters and market agents have become too extensive, thus characterizing a disclosure overload. This is a unique study on the subject. The results suggest the effectiveness, although limited, of the new standard in promoting a departure from the habits of secrecy and formalism rooted in centuries of legal-accounting civil law tradition, and indicate that there is still room for complementary improvement initiatives in the form of incentives for firms and increased enforcement. Three complementary methodological approaches are used: (1) an analysis of both the evolution of note size after OCPC 07 and the factors explaining that size and its variation; (2) an examination of indicators of readability, conciseness, and specificity of the note on accounting policies; and (3) a size comparison of the Notes of Brazilian and British companies, a benchmark of the common law tradition. An average reduction of 10% in Note size was found two years after the introduction of Guideline (Orientação) 07 by the (OCPC 07). This downsizing was not generalized, but instead identified only among firms in the Novo Mercado and among those audited by two of the Big Four. Even in firms that reduced their notes by at least 20%, no significant improvements in readability levels could be perceived, nor in habits of copy-pasting the auditors’ templates, which could signal a focus on firms’ real practices in the note on accounting policies. Brazilian Notes remain far from the benchmark and are still 40% longer than British ones, despite an equivalent number of pages being expected.

ReadMe File for PADDDtracker.org Data Release Version 2.1

Prepared by Conservation International, May 2021

Thank you for downloading the PADDDtracker.org Data Release Version 2.1. This dataset includes data on Protected Area Downgrading, Downsizing, and Degazettement (PADDD). Most data have been validated by peer-review, with the limited exception of newly added data from the United States and Brazil; see below for further details and links to publications.

Definitions for Protected Area Downgrading, Downsizing, and Degazettement (PADDD):

• Downgrading: A decrease in legal restrictions on the number, magnitude, or extent of human activities within a protected area by a relevant authority
• Downsizing: A decrease in the size of a protected area as a result of excision of land or sea area through a legal boundary change
• Degazettement: A loss of legal status of a protected area under government administration (national, state, provincial or local)

This data release contains data from the following peer-reviewed studies:

• M.B. Mascia, S. Pailler, Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) and its conservation implications. Conservation Letters. 4, 9–20 (2011). DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00147.x .
• M.B. Mascia et al., Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean, 1900–2010. Biological Conservation. 169, 355–361 (2014). DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.021 .
• J.L. Forrest et al., Tropical deforestation and carbon emissions from protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD). Conservation Letters. 8, 153–161 (2015). DOI: 10.1111/conl.12144 .
• S.M. Pack et al., Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) in the Amazon. Biological Conservation. 197, 32–39 (2016). DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.02.004.
• R.E. Golden Kroner, R. Krithivasan, M.B. Mascia, Effects of protected area downsizing on habitat fragmentation in Yosemite National Park (USA), 1864 - 2014. Ecology and Society. 21 (2016). DOI: 10.5751/ES-08679-210322.
• C.N. Cook, R.S. Valkan, M.B. Mascia, M.A. McGeoch, Quantifying the extent of protected-area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement in Australia. Conservation Biology. 31, 1039–1052 (2017). DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12904.
• R.E. Golden Kroner et al., The uncertain future of protected lands and waters. Science. 31, 364 (6443), 881-886 (2019). DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5525.
• T. Dorji, S. Linke, F. Sheldon, Half century of protected area dynamism in the country of Gross National Happiness, Bhutan. Conservation Science and Practice. (2019). DOI: 10.1111/csp2.46.
• A. De Vos, H. Clements, D. Biggs, G.S. Cumming, The dynamics of proclaimed privately protected areas in South Africa over 83 years. Conservation Letters. 12 (6) (2019). DOI: 10.1111/conl.12644.
• R. Albrecht, C.N. Cook, O. Andrews, K.E. Roberts, M.F.J. Taylor, M.B. Mascia, R.E. Golden Kroner, Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) in marine protected areas. Marine Policy. 129 (2021). 104437, ISSN 0308-597X. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104437.

Please contact paddd.team@gmail.com to request full text versions of publications if not otherwise open access.

Please note that 353 (7% of) records in the database (new records from the United States and Brazil) have not yet been validated by peer review; see Olsson et al. 2021 for more information about these data:

• Olsson, E., Albrecht, R., & Golden Kroner, R.E. (2021). PADDDtracker Data Release Version 2.1: Technical Notes. Conservation International, Arlington, VA. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4749615.

Differences between Version 2.1 and previous data releases:

PADDDtracker data release Version 2.1 contains 21 new fields:

• Sys_Code
• Map_Details
• Map_Source
• Notes
• Last_Update
• AddedBy
• isLatestVe
• Data_Status
• Peer_Reviewed
• Study_Link
• Off_Type
• Off_Area
• Off_Details
• Off_Source
• Rev_Type
• Rev_Area
• Rev_Details
• Rev_Source
• Legal_Type
• Marine
• Marine_ZID

Two fields included in the previous data release have been archived; these are both out-of-date ID fields that are no longer necessary to retain.

• PADDDIDOld
• GID_String

Version history

• Version 1.0 was released in January 2014, and contains 601 PADDD events from Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, spanning from 1900 to 2012.
• Version 1.1 was released in January 2017, and contains a total of 721 PADDD events, including updated data from version 1.0 as well as additional PADDD events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Peru and Brazil, spanning from 1900 to 2016.
• Version 2.0 was released in May 2019, and contains a total of 4597 PADDD events, including updated PADDD events from previous data releases (1.0 and 1.1), and new records from around the world (Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America).
• Version 2.1 contains a total of 4962 PADDD events, including updated data from version 2.0 as well as additional PADDD events in Australia, Brazil, Bhutan, Palau, South Africa, and the United States. It also includes several new fields for supporting details data, including for offsets and reversals. Please consult the Field Definitions PDF and/or Olsson et al. 2021 in the data release package for information on these new field names, field name definitions, data values, and clarifications.

In the folder PADDDtracker_DataReleaseV2_1_2021, you will find:

PADDDtracker_DataReleaseV2_1_2021.xlsx: this Excel file contains data on all known PADDD events, including numerical and categorical data. This includes data on location, dates, areas, IUCN categories, proximate causes and other descriptive attributes associated with PADDD events. The file contains the following tabs:

• ReadMe: introduction to dataset.
• FieldDefinitions: contains definitions for all fields (attributes) in the database.
• PADDDEvents: Dataset of known enacted and proposed PADDD events, including attributes describing location, timing, proximate causes, and associated supporting information and sources. The Supporting Details and References are omitted from the shapefile, as the text exceeds the character limit.
• PADDDReversals: information about location, dates, etc. on PADDD events with full or partial reversals for which spatial data are available. The Supporting Details and References are omitted from the shapefile, as the text exceeds the character limit.
• PADDDOffsets: information about location, dates, etc. on PADDD events with known spatial or regulatory offsets for which spatial data are available. The Supporting Details and References are omitted from the shapefile, as the text exceeds the character limit.
• PADDDMPAZones: information about location, dates, zone name(s), and other descriptive information on PADDD events in marine protected areas (MPAs) in cases where MPAs were split into two or more use zones (see FieldDefinitions tab for zone domain values). The Supporting Details and References are omitted from the shapefile, as the text exceeds the character limit.

Primary GIS Datasets:

• PADDDtracker_DataReleaseV2_1_2021_Pts.shp: This shapefile contains point data for all validated PADDD events corresponding with the accompanying Excel sheet.

Please note that for an event for which the exact location is unknown, it is represented by a point placed either at the PA centroid or within the PA extent if a multipart polygon (for downgrades or downsizes), or on the capital city of the country. If using PADDD events data for spatially explicit analyses for which locations of event areas are necessary, please use the field “Location_K” as a filter to remove events with unknown locations.

• PADDDtracker_DataReleaseV2_1_2021_Poly.shp: This shapefile contains validated polygon data for PADDD events corresponding with the accompanying Excel sheet.

Supplemental GIS Datasets:

• PADDDtracker_DataReleaseV2_1_2021_Pts_Reversals.shp: Point shapefile of reversals to PADDD events.
• PADDDtracker_DataReleaseV2_1_2021_Poly_Reversals.shp: Polygon shapefile of reversals to PADDD events.
• PADDDtracker_DataReleaseV2_1_2021_Poly_Offsets.shp: Polygon shapefile of offsets to PADDD events.
• PADDDtracker_DataReleaseV2_1_2021_Poly_MPAZones.shp: Polygon shapefile of zoning changes that constitute PADDD events.

Additional Resources

• PADDDtracker Technical Guide V2, 2020: contains guidance for researchers to collect PADDD data.
• PADDDtracker Data Release 2.1 Technical Note, 2021: provides more details on PADDD Reversals,

Chocolate brand Toblerone faced widespread UK consumer criticism and ridicule when it downsized and redesigned its signature product in 2017 as a cost-control measure. This negativity persisted, leading to a relaunch in July 2018 of the original look but with an increased weight and price. Read More

According to the survey conducted among operators in Thailand's tourism industry in the second quarter of 2020, 17 percent of theme park businesses in Thailand downsized their employees after the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, 77 percent of the hotel businesses kept their staff even after the COVID-19 pandemic.

description: A national survey conducted to measure the severity of job displacements and assess employment stability during a period of downsizing at many firms, and increased use of temporary and contract labor. The universe for the survey is all persons who are eligible for the Current Population Survey (CPS) labor force items. This is a proxy response survey that is sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).; abstract: A national survey conducted to measure the severity of job displacements and assess employment stability during a period of downsizing at many firms, and increased use of temporary and contract labor. The universe for the survey is all persons who are eligible for the Current Population Survey (CPS) labor force items. This is a proxy response survey that is sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Overview:Definitions for Protected Area Downgrading, Downsizing, and Degazettement (PADDD):Downgrading: A decrease in legal restrictions on the number, magnitude, or extent of human activities within a protected area by a relevant authorityDownsizing: A decrease in the size of a protected area as a result of excision of land or sea area through a legal boundary changeDegazettement: A loss of legal status of a protected area under government administration (national, state, provincial or local)PADDDtracker Data Release Version 2.1 contains a total of 4773 PADDD events (1273 points, 3500 polygons), including updated data found in Version 2.0 as well as additional PADDD events in Australia, Brazil, Bhutan, Palau, South Africa, and the United States. Please note that this is not a full list of PADDD events occurring in these regions during this time period, but only those with spatial data that have been validated by peer-review, with the limited exception of newly added data from the United States and Brazil; see below for further details and links to relevant publications.This data release contains data from the following peer-reviewed studies:M.B. Mascia, S. Pailler, Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) and its conservation implications. Conservation Letters. 4, 9–20 (2011). DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00147.xM.B. Mascia et al., Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean, 1900–2010. Biological Conservation. 169, 355–361 (2014). DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.021J.L. Forrest et al., Tropical deforestation and carbon emissions from protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD). Conservation Letters. 8, 153–161 (2015). DOI: 10.1111/conl.12144S.M. Pack et al., Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) in the Amazon. Biological Conservation. 197, 32–39 (2016). DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.02.004R.E. Golden Kroner, R. Krithivasan, M.B. Mascia, Effects of protected area downsizing on habitat fragmentation in Yosemite National Park (USA), 1864 - 2014. Ecology and Society. 21 (2016). DOI: 10.5751/ES-08679-210322C.N. Cook, R.S. Valkan, M.B. Mascia, M.A. McGeoch, Quantifying the extent of protected-area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement in Australia. Conservation Biology. 31, 1039–1052 (2017). DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12904R.E. Golden Kroner et al., The uncertain future of protected lands and waters. Science. 31, 364 (6443), 881-886 (2019). DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5525T. Dorji, S. Linke, F. Sheldon, Half century of protected area dynamism in the country of Gross National Happiness, Bhutan. Conservation Science and Practice. (2019). DOI: 10.1111/csp2.46A. De Vos, H. Clements, D. Biggs, G.S. Cumming, The dynamics of proclaimed privately protected areas in South Africa over 83 years. Conservation Letters. 12 (6) (2019). DOI: 10.1111/conl.12644R. Albrecht, C.N. Cook, O. Andrews, K.E. Roberts, M.F.J. Taylor, M.B. Mascia, R.E. Golden Kroner, Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) in marine protected areas. Marine Policy. 129 (2021). 104437, ISSN 0308-597X. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104437Please note that 353 (7%) of records in the database (new records from the United States and Brazil) have not yet been validated by peer review; see Olsson et al. 2021 for more information about these data: E. Olsson, R. Albrecht, & R.E. Golden Kroner, PADDDtracker Data Release Version 2.1: Technical Notes. Conservation International, Arlington, VA (2021). DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4749615Version History:Version 1.0 was released in January 2014, and contains 601 PADDD events from Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, spanning from 1900 to 2012. Version 1.1 was released in January 2017, and contains a total of 721 PADDD events, including updated data from version 1.0 as well as additional PADDD events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Peru and Brazil, spanning from 1900 to 2016. Version 2.0 was released in May 2019, and contains a total of 4597 PADDD events, including updated PADDD events from previous data releases (1.0 and 1.1), and new records from around the world (Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America).Version 2.1 (current version) contains a total of 4773 PADDD events (1273 points, 3500 polygons), including updated data found in Version 2.0 as well as additional PADDD events in Australia, Brazil, Bhutan, Palau, South Africa, and the United States. Supplementary data layers, including reversals to PADDD events, compensatory offsets to PADDD events (e.g. PA upgrades or expansions), and zoning changes associated with PADDD events in marine protected areas, can be accessed through https://www.padddtracker.org/.What can you do with this layer?Use for Visualization: YesUse for Analysis: YesFor more information on PADDD events or to access the database, please visit https://www.padddtracker.org/.Minor updates have been made to the PADDDtracker data in the Living Atlas after the release of PADDDtracker Data Release Version 2.1. These include updates to (1) attribute values to correct typos and errata, and (2) two spatial records. For more information on these updates, please contact paddd.team@gmail.com.

Get timely intelligence about technology layoffs, downsizing, hiring freezes, and job cuts. Subscribe to Intellizence to get the latest tech layoff data today

The technology sector was the only one where companies planned to expand their office footprint rather than downsize. According to the results of a 2022 survey, 52 percent of office occupiers had plans to expand, whereas in the finance sector, which ranked second by expansion plans, this share was 24 percent. As many companies choose to downsize, demand for office real estate may continue to weaken.

Body size is a key functional trait that is predicted to decline under warming. Warming is known to cause size declines via phenotypic plasticity, but evolutionary responses of body size to warming are poorly understood. To test for warming-induced evolutionary responses of body size and growth rates, we used populations of mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ) recently established (less than 100 years) from a common source across a strong thermal gradient (19–33°C) created by geothermal springs. Each spring is remarkably stable in temperature and is virtually closed to gene flow from other thermal environments. Field surveys show that with increasing site temperature, body size distributions become smaller and the reproductive advantage of larger body size decreases. After common rearing to reveal recently evolved trait differences, warmer-source populations expressed slowed juvenile growth rates and increased reproductive effort at small sizes. These r...