'DRAMP_patent_amps.xlsx' is the patent dataset of the DRAMP database, containing as much as possible of patent antimicrobial peptides. Patent dataset were annotated with sequence, length, name, source, activity, Patent ID, patent type, publication date, also publication as, title, abstract.

The 6 Excel file correspond to the DRAMP database's general, patent, clinical, specific, stability, and expanded antimicrobial peptide datasets, each containing comprehensive peptide information such as name, sequence, source, activity, references, and more. These datasets are provided for researchers to consult.

'DRAMP_clinical_amps.xlsx. is the antimicrobial peptide dataset involved in clinical research. Data in this dataset were organized as sequence, name, description, activity, medical use, stage of development, comments, company and reference. It is worthy to note that some clinical peptides whose amino acid sequences are absent were also included in this dataset as we don’t want to lose any clinical information.

AMPSphere v.2022-03: the worldwide survey of prokaryotic antimicrobial peptides INTRODUCTION AMPSphere is a comprehensive catalog of antimicrobial peptides predicted using Macrel (DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10555) from 63,410 public metagenomes, ProGenomes v2.2 database (82,400 high-quality microbial genomes), and c.a. 4k non-whitelisted microbial genomes from NCBI. Currently, AMPSphere is available as a web resource at https://ampsphere.big-data-biology.org/. GENERATION Peptides were predicted using Macrel. Singleton peptides were removed, except those with a direct hit to DRAMP database. Redundant peptides were coded using a reduced alphabet and hierarchically clustered using CD-HIT (version 4.6) at 100%, 85%, and 75% of amino acid identity (and 90% of overlap of the shorter peptide). The obtained clusters were numbered by decreasing size (number of peptides). Each level of clustering was called a SPHERE. Redundant nucleotide sequences for the gene variants of different AMPs also were included in this version of AMPSphere. STATISTICS AMPSphere v.2022-03 contains 863,498 sequences (avg length: 36 amino acids, range 8-98). DRAMP database was used to find confirmed sequences with strict homology to reference. This approach showed that 2,488 peptides were previously confirmed in our dataset. IDENTIFIERS Peptides are named in the form >AMP10.XXX_XXX where XXX_XXX is a unique numerical identifier (starting at zero). Numbers were assigned in order of increasing number of copies. So that the lower the number, the greater number of copies of that peptide were present in the input data. Annotations were also provided as separated fields in the fasta file, containing their: - SPHERE families at level III (corresponding to hierarchically obtained clusters using 100-85-75% of identity with a minimum overlap of 90% of the shorter gene). Example of header: >AMP10.000_000 | SPHERE-III.001_493 VERSION DETAILS Version 2022-03 includes: - quality assessment of documented AMPs, - metadata associated with the genes, - a better taxonomic identification of AMP sources using GTDB. WARNING: Due to a different procedure of AMP sorting, now some entries and families may have changed their accessions. FILES WITHIN THIS VERSION README.md This file. AMPsphere_v.2022-03.fna.xz Multi-fasta with AMPSphere gene sequences (nucleotide). AMPsphere_v.2022-03.faa.gz Multi-fasta with AMPSphere peptide sequences (amino acid). SPHERE_v.2022-03.levels_assessment.tsv.gz TSV table relating AMP name and the hierarchically obtained clusters per level. Columns: - AMP accession - evaluation vs. representative - SPHERE_fam level I - SPHERE_fam level II - SPHERE_fam level III Levels of each SPHERE family: I: contains clusters obtained with 100% of identity cut-off and 90% of overlap of the shorter sequence; II: contains clusters obtained with the unclustered sequences and the representatives from level I at 85% of identity and 90% of overlap of the sorter sequence; III: contains clusters obtained with the unclustered sequences and the representatives from level II at 75% of identity and 90% of overlap of the sorter sequence; evaluation vs. representatives shows the percent of identity the sequence has in an alignment against the cluster representative, and also the overlap in percent. Example: * -- This means: this sequence is a cluster representative. OR something like this: 77.50%,1:40:1:40 -- This means: alignment identity against the representative of the cluster equals 77.5% and the alignment start and end position for the query (1 and 40, respectively), and target (1 and 40, respectively). AMPSphere_v.2022-03.quality_assessment.tsv.gz TSV table containing the results of each quality test (by sequence). Columns: - AMP ID - Antifam - RNAcode - Metaproteomes - Metatranscriptomes - Coordinates Results are one of 'Passed', 'Failed', or 'Not tested'. Antifam results show if the sequence matches ('Fail') or does not match ('Pass') to Antifams, a set of well-known spurious ORFs. RNAcode relies on gene diversity, therefore, families with less than 3 different gene sequences could not be tested and were marked as such. The direct match of 50% of our peptide to transcripts (in at least 2 different samples) or peptides from meta-omics studies sampled from different environments assigned the peptide as passing the metatranscriptomes and metaproteomes tests, respectively. Finally, the coordinates test check if the start of the small ORF happens with at least one stop codon upstream, this ensures that the gene is not a fragment from a larger protein. AMPSphere_v.2022-03.general_geneinfo.tsv.gz TSV table relating AMP, gene name, the microbial source, sample, environment, and geographical location. Columns: - gmsc (gene code access) - amp - sample (biosample) - source (microbial origin, GTDB taxonomy) - specI (species cluster according to ProGenomes v.2 classification) - is_metagenomic (False if comming from a high-quality microbial genome) - geographic_locat...

AMPSphere is a comprehensive catalog of antimicrobial peptides predicted using Macrel (DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10555) from 63,410 public metagenomes, ProGenomes v2.2 database (82,400 high-quality microbial genomes), and c.a. 4k non-whitelisted microbial genomes from NCBI. Currently, AMPSphere is available as a web resource at https://ampsphere.big-data-biology.org/. AMPSphere v.2022-03 contains 863,498 sequences (avg length: 36 amino acids, range 8-98). DRAMP database was used to find confirmed sequences with strict homology to reference. This approach showed that 2,488 peptides were previously confirmed in our dataset. The present repository is a data dump for the precomputed resources and files needed for its generation and analysis as a complement to the GitHub repository. The complementary documentation is also available for each one of the files. To use the files just download them and apply the command untar to decompress the folders.

All training data are obtained from publicly accessible resources. Gene Ontology annotations for peptides, available through the GO-basic file. Peptide data with GO relationship are sourced from the UniProtKB database. Antimicrobial peptide databases used include APD3, CAMP, DBAMP, DRAMP, SATPdb, YADAMP, and LAMP.

The pre-processed GO/strain knowledge data and peptide sequence data utilized in our KPPepGen study, are available here.

Damp Proofing Service Market Outlook

The global damp proofing service market size was valued at approximately USD 5.2 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach around USD 8.3 billion by 2032, expanding at a CAGR of 5.1% over the forecast period. The growth of the damp proofing service market is primarily driven by the increasing need for moisture control in buildings due to rising concerns over structural integrity and indoor air quality. As homeowners and businesses alike seek to protect their investments and ensure healthy living environments, demand for effective damp proofing solutions continues to rise.

One of the primary growth factors in the damp proofing service market is the increasing awareness regarding the health impacts of mold and mildew, which are often caused by excessive moisture in buildings. Prolonged exposure to mold can lead to respiratory issues and other health problems, prompting property owners to invest in reliable damp proofing services. Additionally, stringent building regulations and standards aimed at improving building safety and sustainability are further compelling property developers and owners to prioritize damp proofing. These regulations mandate the incorporation of effective moisture control measures in both new constructions and existing structures undergoing renovation.

Technological advancements in damp proofing materials and application techniques are also contributing significantly to market growth. Innovations such as advanced chemical treatments, nanotechnology-based damp proofing solutions, and improved physical damp proofing methods are enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of damp proofing services. These advancements are making it easier for service providers to address a variety of moisture-related issues, thereby attracting more clients seeking long-term solutions to damp problems. Moreover, the development of eco-friendly damp proofing products is gaining traction, aligning with the global trend towards sustainable construction practices.

The increasing number of construction activities in emerging economies is another crucial factor driving the damp proofing service market. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in regions such as Asia Pacific and Latin America are leading to a surge in residential, commercial, and industrial construction projects. As new buildings are erected, there is a growing need for effective damp proofing to prevent moisture ingress and ensure the longevity of the structures. Additionally, the rising disposable income and improving living standards in these regions are encouraging property owners to invest in high-quality damp proofing services to protect their assets.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific damp proofing service market is expected to witness substantial growth during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to the booming construction industry in countries like China, India, and Southeast Asian nations. Rapid urban development, coupled with increased government focus on infrastructure development and housing projects, is driving the demand for damp proofing services. Additionally, the growing awareness about the importance of moisture control in buildings and the implementation of stringent building regulations are further propelling market growth in the region.

Type Analysis

The damp proofing service market is segmented into three main types: Chemical Damp Proofing, Physical Damp Proofing, and Integral Damp Proofing. Each type has distinct characteristics and applications, catering to varying needs and preferences of property owners and construction professionals. Chemical damp proofing involves the use of liquid chemical formulations that are injected into walls or applied as coatings to create a moisture barrier. This method is particularly effective for treating existing structures with rising damp issues, as it penetrates the masonry and forms a hydrophobic layer, preventing moisture from traveling through capillaries in the building material.

Physical damp proofing, on the other hand, relies on the installation of physical barriers such as damp proof courses (DPC) or membranes to obstruct the passage of moisture. This method is commonly used in new constructions where it can be seamlessly integrated into the building design. Physical damp proofing materials, such as polyethylene sheets or bitumen-based membranes, are placed at specific points in the walls or floors to block moisture ingress. This type of damp proofing is favored for its durability and effectiveness in providing long-term protection against moisture penetration.

Polyethylene Damp Proof Course Market Outlook

The global polyethylene damp proof course market size was estimated at USD 1.1 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 1.8 billion by 2032, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6% during the forecast period. The primary growth factor driving this market is the increasing demand for durable and effective moisture barriers in the construction industry.

A significant growth factor for the polyethylene damp proof course market is the expanding construction sector. As urbanization and industrialization continue to rise globally, the demand for new residential, commercial, and industrial buildings increases. This surge in construction activities necessitates the use of durable and effective moisture barriers to prevent structural damage and ensure the longevity of buildings. Polyethylene damp proof courses provide an essential solution to this need, thereby driving market growth. Additionally, government regulations mandating the use of damp proof courses in construction to prevent moisture ingress further bolster market expansion.

Technological advancements in materials and manufacturing processes are also contributing to market growth. Innovations in high-density and low-density polyethylene production have led to the development of more effective and durable damp proof courses. These advancements not only enhance the performance of the products but also make them more cost-effective, thereby increasing their adoption across various construction projects. Moreover, the growing trend of sustainable construction practices is leading to the development of eco-friendly polyethylene damp proof courses, aligning with global sustainability goals and further stimulating market growth.

Another factor propelling the market is the rising awareness about the importance of moisture control in building structures. Moisture ingress can lead to significant structural damage, health issues due to mold growth, and reduced building lifespan. As awareness about these issues grows, both consumers and builders are increasingly opting for high-quality damp proof courses. This heightened awareness is driven by educational campaigns, industry standards, and the increasing availability of information on the long-term benefits of effective moisture barriers.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate due to rapid urbanization, industrialization, and infrastructure development in countries like China, India, and Japan. North America and Europe are also significant markets, driven by stringent building regulations and the high adoption rate of advanced construction technologies. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa regions are anticipated to show steady growth, supported by increasing construction activities and improving economic conditions.

Product Type Analysis

The polyethylene damp proof course market is segmented into two primary product types: High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE). High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) damp proof courses are known for their superior strength and durability, making them ideal for applications where higher resistance to puncture and tear is required. HDPE damp proof courses are particularly favored in commercial and industrial construction projects due to their robust performance and long service life. The increasing demand for durable materials in high-stress environments is driving the adoption of HDPE damp proof courses.

Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) damp proof courses, on the other hand, offer excellent flexibility and ease of installation. These products are widely used in residential construction projects where ease of application and cost-effectiveness are key considerations. LDPE damp proof courses provide an effective barrier against moisture ingress while being more affordable compared to HDPE alternatives. The growing residential construction sector, driven by population growth and urbanization, is a significant factor contributing to the demand for LDPE damp proof courses.

Technological advancements in polyethylene production have led to the development of enhanced HDPE and LDPE damp proof courses. Innovations such as improved formulations and manufacturing processes have resulted in products with better performance characteristics, including increased resistance to chemicals and environmental factors. These advancements are making polyethylene damp proof courses more reliable and effective, thereby driving their adoption across various construction applications.</p

This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.

The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.

More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome. For details on PANTHER see also: http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp

Biological Magnetic Resonance Bank Entry bmse000250: DAMP

5'-nucleotidase (NT5E) associated with the plasma membrane catalyzes the reactions of extracellular AMP, dAMP, GMP, or IMP with H2O to yield the corresponding nucleoside and orthophosphate. The active enzyme is a glycolipid-anchored dimer (Misumi et al. 1990; Thompson et al. 1987; Zimmerman 1992)

The day is rapidly approaching where current antibiotic therapies will no longer be effective due to the development of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising class of therapeutic agents which have the potential to help address this burgeoning problem. Proline-rich AMPs (PrAMPs) are a sub-class of AMPs, that have multiple modes of action including modulation of the bacterial protein folding chaperone, DnaK. They are highly effective against Gram-negative bacteria and have low toxicity to mammalian cells. Previously we used an in silico approach to identify new potential PrAMPs from the DRAMP database. Four of these peptides, antibacterial napin, attacin-C, P9, and PP30, were each chemically assembled and characterized. Together with synthetic oncocin as a reference, each peptide was then assessed for antibacterial activity against Gram-negative/Gram-positive bacteria and for in vitro DnaK modulation activity. We observed that these peptides directly modulate DnaK activity independently of eliciting or otherwise an antibiotic effect. Based on our findings, we propose a change to our previously established PrAMP definition to remove the requirement for antimicrobial activity in isolation, leaving the following classifiers: >25% proline, modulation of DnaK AND/OR the 70S ribosome, net charge of +1 or more, produced in response to bacterial infection AND/OR with pronounced antimicrobial activity.

In the 2 years to March 2023, an average of 4% of households in England had damp in at least one room of their home.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been recognized for their ability to target processes important for biofilm formation. Given the vast array of AMPs, identifying potential anti-biofilm candidates remains a significant challenge, and prompts the need for preliminary in silico investigations prior to extensive in vitro and in vivo studies. We have developed Biofilm-AMP (B-AMP), a curated 3D structural and functional repository of AMPs relevant to biofilm studies. In its current version, B-AMP contains predicted 3D structural models of 5544 AMPs (from the DRAMP database) developed using a suite of molecular modeling tools. The repository supports a user-friendly search, using source, name, DRAMP ID, and PepID (unique to B-AMP). Further, AMPs are annotated to existing biofilm literature, consisting of a vast library of over 10,000 articles, enhancing the functional capabilities of B-AMP. To provide an example of the usability of B-AMP, we use the sortase C biofilm target of the emerging pathogen Corynebacterium striatum as a case study. For this, 100 structural AMP models from B-AMP were subject to in silico protein-peptide molecular docking against the catalytic site residues of the C. striatum sortase C protein. Based on docking scores and interacting residues, we suggest a preference scale using which candidate AMPs could be taken up for further in silico, in vitro and in vivo testing. The 3D protein-peptide interaction models and preference scale are available in B-AMP. B-AMP is a comprehensive structural and functional repository of AMPs, and will serve as a starting point for future studies exploring AMPs for biofilm studies. B-AMP is freely available to the community at https://b-amp.karishmakaushiklab.com and will be regularly updated with AMP structures, interaction models with potential biofilm targets, and annotations to biofilm literature.

73961 Global export shipment records of Damp with prices, volume & current Buyer's suppliers relationships based on actual Global export trade database.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally produced by pro- and eukaryotes and are promising alternatives to antibiotics to fight multidrug-resistant microorganisms. However, despite thousands of AMP entries in respective databases, predictions about their structure–activity relationships are still limited. Similarly, common or dissimilar properties of AMPs that have evolved in different taxonomic groups are nearly unknown. We leveraged data entries for 10,987 peptides currently listed in the three antimicrobial peptide databases APD, DRAMP and DBAASP to aid structure–activity predictions. However, this number reduced to 3,828 AMPs that we could use for computational analyses, due to our stringent quality control criteria. The analysis uncovered a strong bias towards AMPs isolated from amphibians (1,391), whereas only 35 AMPs originate from fungi (0.9%), hindering evolutionary analyses on the origin and phylogenetic relationship of AMPs. The majority (62%) of the 3,828 AMPs consists of less than 40 amino acids but with a molecular weight higher than 2.5 kDa, has a net positive charge and shares a hydrophobic character. They are enriched in glycine, lysine and cysteine but are depleted in glutamate, aspartate and methionine when compared with a peptide set of the same size randomly selected from the UniProt database. The AMPs that deviate from this pattern (38%) can be found in different taxonomic groups, in particular in Gram-negative bacteria. Remarkably, the γ-core motif claimed so far as a unifying structural signature in cysteine-stabilised AMPs is absent in nearly 90% of the peptides, questioning its relevance as a prerequisite for antimicrobial activity. The disclosure of AMPs pattern and their variation in producing organism groups extends our knowledge of the structural diversity of AMPs and will assist future peptide screens in unexplored microorganisms. Structural design of peptide antibiotic drugs will benefit using natural AMPs as lead compounds. However, a reliable and statistically balanced database is missing which leads to a large knowledge gap in the AMP field. Thus, thorough evaluation of the available data, mitigation of biases and standardised experimental setups need to be implemented to leverage the full potential of AMPs for drug development programmes in the clinics and agriculture.

IL-6 (interleukin-6), HS (heparan sulfate), MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus), APACHE (Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation)Characteristics of serum from septic shock patients used for cell stimulation.

Plants interpret their immediate environment through perception of small molecules. Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flagellin and chitin are likely to be more abundant in the rhizosphere than plant-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). We investigated how the Arabidopsis thaliana root interprets MAMPs and DAMPs as danger signals. We monitored root development during exposure to increasing concentrations of the MAMPs flg22 and the chitin heptamer as well as of the DAMP AtPep1. The tissue-specific expression of defence-related genes in roots was analysed using a toolkit of promoter::YFPN lines reporting jasmonic acid (JA)-, salicylic acid (SA)-, ethylene (ET)- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)- dependent signalling. Finally, marker responses were analysed during invasion by the root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. The DAMP AtPep1 triggered a stronger activation of the defence markers compared to flg22 and the chitin heptamer. In contrast to the tested MAMPs, AtPep1 induced SA- and JA-signalling markers in the root and caused a severe inhibition of root growth. Fungal attack resulted in a strong activation of defence genes in tissues close to the invading fungal hyphae. The results collectively suggest that AtPep1 presents a stronger danger signal to the Arabidopsis root than the MAMPs flg22 and chitin heptamer.

List of unique peptides presented on NTP-treated (A) J-Lat and (B) Jurkat cells.