In 2023, Estonia had the highest incidence of drug-induced deaths in Europe at *** per million population. This was followed by Latvia at *** deaths per million population, and ** deaths per million in Norway. On the other hand, in Romania, there were only * drug-induced deaths per million population in 2023. Number of drug-induced deaths There were nearly *** thousand drug-related deaths reported in the EU in 2022. There was a steady increase in the number of deaths in the EU from only *** thousand cases in 2013. When combined with Turkey and Norway, the number of drug-induced deaths in 2022 nearly reached ***** thousand. This was the highest number of drug-related deaths recorded in the given period. Drug deaths by gender and age In 2022, 77 percent of drug-induced deaths reported in the EU were attributed to men. Half of the deaths that occurred among men were among those aged between 25 and 44 years. Similarly, the largest share of female deaths due to drug use was also reported in the same age group.

This statistic shows the countries with the highest amount of drug-related deaths in 2014 (or latest year available). In Vietnam, it was reported that ***** people passed away due to drugs in that year.

In 2023, the highest share of drug-induced deaths in Europe occurred in the age group 25 to 44 years, with 49 percent of male drug deaths occurring in this age group and 41 percent among females. Roughly 12 percent of drug deaths among women were recorded in those aged over 64 years of age, but only four percent of drug deaths among men were in this age group. Where the most drug deaths occur Estonia had the highest incidence of drug-induced deaths in Europe in 2023. In Norway, there were 135 drug deaths per million population. Despite Czechia having the third-highest prevalence of problem drug use in Europe, the country has one of the lowest incidences of drug-induced deaths in Europe. Prevalence of drug use in Europe In 2023, over 31 percent of people in the EU reported trying cannabis at any point in their lifetime, while over eight percent of people had used it in the past year. This means cannabis is the most consumed drug across Europe. Around one percent of individuals in Europe have taken cocaine and MDMA in the past year.

Note on the data sets: 1) There will be initial issues with encoding so I used Chardet to fix this. Please use the below code in your notebooks:

import chardet # to help with encoding import numpy as np # linear algebra import pandas as pd # data processing, CSV file I/O (e.g. pd.read_csv)

import os for dirname, _, filenames in os.walk('/kaggle/input'): for filename in filenames: print(os.path.join(dirname, filename))

with open('../input/drugrelated-deaths-in-scotland/drug-related-deaths-20-tabs-figs_1 - summary.csv', 'rb') as f: enc = chardet.detect(f.read()) opioid_data = pd.read_csv('../input/drugrelated-deaths-in-scotland/drug-related-deaths-20-tabs-figs_1 - summary.csv', encoding = enc['encoding'])

opioid_data.head(20)

2) There will need to be data cleaning due to the empty spaces in the data file. Running .head(20) will show this

The opioid epidemic is an international phenomenon. It began in the United States but has spread to other countries with similarly devastating effect. Here we have the drug-related deaths in Scotland, from the National Records of Scotland.

Here is the main data source https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/vital-events/deaths/drug-related-deaths-in-scotland/2020

Here is the news release on the drug-related deaths in 2020 with a 5% increase from 2019. Several key findings: - The number of drug-related deaths has increased substantially over the last 20 years – there were 4½ times as many deaths in 2020 compared with 2000. - Men were 2.7 times as likely to have a drug-related death than women, after adjusting for age. - After adjusting for age, people in the most deprived parts of the country were 18 times as likely to die from a drug-related death as those in the least deprived. - Scotland’s drug-death rate continues to be over 3½ times that for the UK as a whole, and higher than that of any European country. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/news/2021/drug-related-deaths-rise

These are similar patterns to what we see in the United States, with a rapid increase in the death rate over the past several decades, and hitting already struggling communities particularly hard.

Here are the key reports and analyses put out by the National Records of Scotland: - https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/drug-related-deaths/20/drug-related-deaths-20-additional-analyses.pdf I'll highlight here: "one or more opiates or opioids (including heroin/morphine, methadone, codeine and dihydrocodeine) were implicated in 1, 192 drug-related deaths (89%)". So although Scotland's data set groups together all drug-related deaths, it is opioids in particular that are driving it. - and with graphs: https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/drug-related-deaths/20/drug-related-deaths-20-pub.pdf

I previously published data sets on Opioids in the United States and Canada: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/craigchilvers/opioids-vssr-provisional-drug-overdose-statistics https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/craigchilvers/opioids-in-the-us-cdc-drug-overdose-deaths https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/craigchilvers/opioids-in-the-us-cdc-nonfatal-overdoses https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/craigchilvers/opioids-in-canada

Deaths as a result of drug overdoses in Portugal amounted to ** in 2019, which is the second highest number of annual deaths reported in the provided time interval. In 2011, drug deaths fell to only **, before reaching ** just four years later. In 2020, drug-induced deaths were counted at **. In 2021, there were ** deaths by overdose, the highest value recorded. Low death rate compared to Europe When compared with the rest of Europe, Portugal has a fairly low incidence of drug deaths. A rate of ** drug deaths per million population (pmp) means that Portugal only had a higher drug death rate than a few countries in the continent, and a significantly lower rate than the ** deaths pmp in Norway, which is the highest in Europe. In 2001, Portugal became the first country in the world to decriminalize the consumption of drugs. The low amount of drug deaths in Portugal is usually attributed to this policy of decriminalization. Breakdown of drugs consumed The class of drugs that caused the highest share of individuals seeking treatment in Portugal, in 2021, were cannabis, with approximately ** percent of Portuguese drug treatment entrants seeking treatment primarily due to the use of this drug class. With a slightly lower share, opioids caused **** percent of drug treatment entries in Portugal. In 2022, Portugal had approximately ****** individuals in opioid substitution treatment, which was the sixth-highest in Europe.

Drug-related mortality is a complex phenomenon, which accounts for a considerable percentage of deaths among young people in many European countries. The EMCDDA, in collaboration with national experts, has defined an epidemiological indicator with two components at present: deaths directly caused by illegal drugs (drug-induced deaths) and mortality rates among problem drug users. These two components can fulfil several public health objectives, notably as an indicator of the overall health impact of drug use and the components of this impact, identify particularly risky patterns of use, and potentially identify new risks.

There are around 50 statistical tables in this dataset. Each data table may be viewed as an HTML table or downloaded in spreadsheet (Excel format).

Between 2013 and 2022, there was an overall increase in drug-induced deaths in Europe. In particular, when considering EU countries, almost *** thousand people died overdosing from illicit drugs in 2022. When considering also Norway and Turkey, this figure increased to ***** deaths. This statistics depicts the number of drug-induced deaths in the EU between 2013 and 2022.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F16731800%2F8a1e63df085793d18e2d1fa2109ebd44%2Fgrap%20video%201.gif?generation=1708634385396138&alt=media" alt="">

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F16731800%2F296225796c579724b56cb1d746475d93%2FToday%20(1).gif?generation=1708634392024756&alt=media" alt="">

Annual number of deaths in the United States from drug overdose per 100,000 people. Overdoses can result from intentional excessive use of a substance, but can also result from 'poisoning' where substances have been altered or mixed, such that the user is unaware of the drug's potency.

The data of this indicator is based on the following sources: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER Data published by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER

Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates How we process data at Our World in Data: All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline How to cite this data: In-line citation If you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Any opioids Deaths per 100,000 people attributed to any opioids.

Source US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER – processed by Our World in Data Unit deaths per 100,000

Annual number of deaths related to drug poisoning in England and Wales. Data are given by cause of death, sex, age, substances involved, and country and region.

Context

This dataset exhibits accidental death associated with drug overdose in Connecticut from 2012 to 2018. A "Y" value under the different substance columns indicates that particular substance was detected. Data are derived from an investigation by the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which includes the toxicity report, death certificate, as well as a scene investigation. The “Morphine (Not Heroin)” values are related to the differences between how Morphine and Heroin are metabolized and therefor detected in the toxicity results. Heroin metabolizes to 6-MAM which then metabolizes to morphine. 6-MAM is unique to heroin, and has a short half-life (as does heroin itself). Thus, in some heroin deaths, the toxicity results will not indicate whether the morphine is from heroin or prescription morphine. In these cases the Medical Examiner may be able to determine the cause based on the scene investigation (such as finding heroin needles). If they find prescription morphine at the scene it is certified as “Morphine (not heroin).” Therefor, the Cause of Death may indicate Morphine, but the Heroin or Morphine (Not Heroin) may not be indicated.

“Any Opioid” – If the Medical Examiner cannot conclude whether it’s RX Morphine or heroin based morphine in the toxicity results, that column may be checked

Content

5105 raws and 38 columns: - ID: the death Id (anonymous person). - Date: Date of death. - Age, Sex, Race, ResidenceCity, ResidenceCounty, ResidenceState: age, sex race, Residence City, country, and state of the dead person. - DeathCity, DeathCounty, Location, LocationifOther, DescriptionofInjury, InjuryPlace, InjuryCity, InjuryCounty, InjuryState, COD, OtherSignifican: Deat relatedinformation 'Heroin', 'Cocaine', 'Fentanyl', 'FentanylAnalogue', 'Oxycodone', 'Oxymorphone', 'Ethanol', 'Hydrocodone', 'Benzodiazepine', 'Methadone', - 'Amphet', 'Tramad', 'Morphine_NotHeroin', 'Hydromorphone', 'Other', 'OpiateNOS', 'AnyOpioid': Noacotics taken by paersons - MannerofDeath: Death manner suicide ('Accident', 'Pending', 'Natural')

This statistic displays the total number of drug deaths in the Netherlands in 2022, by type. In that year, there were *** drug-related deaths in the Netherlands. Over half of these deaths were caused by opioids. Cocaine was responsible for another ** deaths. Rising drug-induced deaths across Europe From 2010 to 2023, the annual number of drug deaths in the Netherlands increased by over three times, rising from ** to *** deaths per year. The Netherlands is not alone in grappling with drug-related deaths. Across the European Union, there has been a notable increase in drug-induced fatalities over the past decade. In 2022, nearly *** thousand people died from illicit drug overdoses in EU countries, with this number rising to almost ***** thousand when including Norway and Turkey. Demographics and risk factors The majority of drug-induced deaths in Europe occur among individuals aged 25 to 44 years, with men being disproportionately affected. In 2023, ** percent of male drug deaths and ** percent of female drug deaths fell within this age group. Notably, opioids play a significant role in drug-related fatalities across Europe, with countries like Denmark, Austria, and Latvia reporting that over ** percent of their drug-related deaths involved opioids.

BackgroundDrug overdose causes approximately 183,000 deaths worldwide annually and 50,000 deaths in Canada and the United States combined. Drug-related deaths are concentrated among young people, leading to a substantial burden of disease and loss of potential life years. Understanding the epidemiology, patterns of care, and prognosis of drug-related prehospital emergencies may lead to improved outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with drug-related and presumed cardiac causes between 2007 and 2013 using the Toronto Regional RescuNet Epistry database. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. We computed standardized case fatality rates, and odds ratios of survival to hospital discharge for cardiac arrests with drug-related versus presumed cardiac causes, adjusting for confounders using logistic regression.ResultsThe analysis involved 21,497 cardiac arrests, including 378 (1.8%) drug-related and 21,119 (98.2%) presumed cardiac. Compared with the presumed cardiac group, drug-related arrest patients were younger and less likely to receive bystander resuscitation, have initial shockable cardiac rhythms, or be transported to hospital. There were no significant differences in emergency medical service response times, return of spontaneous circulation, or survival to discharge. Standardized case fatality rates confirmed that these effects were not due to age or sex differences. Adjusting for known predictors of survival, drug-related cardiac arrest was associated with increased odds of survival to hospital discharge (OR1.44, 95%CI 1.15–1.81).InterpretationIn out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, patients with drug-related causes are less likely than those with presumed cardiac causes to receive bystander resuscitation or have an initial shockable rhythm, but are more likely to survive after accounting for predictors of survival. The demographics and outcomes among drug-related cardiac arrest patients offers unique opportunities for prehospital intervention.

In 2023, almost 97.4 percent of reported drug deaths in Denmark mentioned opioids. In Austria and Latvia, over 89 percent of drug-related deaths involved opioids.

Background/AimOpioid overdose deaths have increased in Sweden and other developed countries in recent decades, despite increased treatment efforts and harm-reduction interventions. Further knowledge in this field is needed if this trend is to be reversed. Previous research suggests that mental health and patterns of prescription of opioids and other prescription drugs are associated with increased opioid-related mortality. The present study therefore aimed to investigate what drugs were prescribed during the last six months of life to individuals with a history of illicit substance use who died with opioids present in their blood, the relationship between drugs prescribed and drugs found in blood at time of death, and if prescription of specific drugs was temporally associated with death.MethodsThis was a retrospective, register-based observational study that utilized data from the National Board of Forensic Medicine, the Prescribed Drug Registry, regional health care services, and municipal social services. We used conditional logistic regression to find temporal associations between the prescription and dispensing of drugs and time of death.ResultsPrescription and dispensing of alprazolam and diazepam were temporally associated with death. The most frequently dispensed drugs were zopiclone, pregabalin, methylphenidate, diazepam and oxycodone. Methadone, alprazolam, and buprenorphine were the drugs most often found in the blood. Opioids and tranquilizers in combination were found in a vast majority of deaths, and prescription data suggested that the use of these drugs was illicit in a majority of cases.ConclusionPrescription of certain drugs, especially alprazolam and diazepam, should be made with great caution to patients with a history of illicit substance use or concurrent use of opioids.

Postmortem Toxicology Testing Market Outlook

The global postmortem toxicology testing market size is projected to grow from $1.2 billion in 2023 to $2.3 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by increasing incidences of drug-related deaths and advancements in toxicology testing technologies. The rising awareness about the importance of forensic science in solving criminal cases and determining causes of death further propels the market.

The key growth factor for the postmortem toxicology testing market is the increasing prevalence of drug-related fatalities worldwide. The opioid crisis, particularly in North America, has escalated the demand for comprehensive toxicology testing procedures. Drugs like fentanyl and heroin are often involved in overdose cases, necessitating detailed toxicological analyses to determine the exact cause of death. Additionally, the rise in prescription drug abuse has heightened the need for accurate and timely toxicology testing.

Innovative advancements in toxicology testing technologies are also driving market growth. The development of highly sensitive and specific instruments, such as advanced chromatography and mass spectrometry systems, allows for the detection of minute quantities of toxic substances. These advancements ensure that even trace amounts of drugs or poisons can be detected, providing critical information in forensic investigations and contributing to the overall reliability and accuracy of postmortem examinations.

Growing investments in forensic science infrastructure, especially in developing regions, are another significant factor propelling market expansion. Governments and private organizations are increasingly allocating funds to upgrade forensic laboratories and acquire state-of-the-art toxicology testing equipment. This trend is particularly evident in countries with high crime rates and drug abuse problems, where enhanced forensic capabilities are essential for effective law enforcement and judicial processes.

Regionally, North America dominates the postmortem toxicology testing market due to the high incidence of drug-related deaths and substantial investments in forensic science. Europe follows closely, driven by stringent regulations and a strong focus on forensic research and development. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth, attributed to increasing government initiatives to strengthen forensic infrastructure and rising awareness about the importance of toxicology testing in criminal investigations.

Product Type Analysis

Instruments constitute a crucial segment of the postmortem toxicology testing market. This segment includes a variety of sophisticated equipment such as chromatography systems, mass spectrometers, and immunoassay analyzers, which are vital for precise toxicological analysis. The demand for advanced instruments has surged as they offer high sensitivity and specificity, essential for detecting low concentrations of toxic substances in biological specimens. Manufacturers are continuously innovating to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of these instruments, thereby driving market growth.

Reagents are another significant component of the market, encompassing a wide range of chemicals and solutions used in toxicology tests. The growing complexity of toxicological analyses necessitates the use of high-quality reagents to ensure reliable results. The increasing number of drug overdose cases and poisoning incidents has spurred the demand for diverse reagents capable of detecting various toxicants. Additionally, the development of novel reagents tailored to specific toxicological needs further augments this segment’s growth.

Consumables, including test kits, sample collection devices, and disposable tools, form an essential part of the postmortem toxicology testing market. The recurring need for these items in every testing procedure ensures a steady demand. The expansion of forensic laboratories and the rising number of toxicology tests conducted globally contribute to the growth of this segment. Moreover, the emphasis on maintaining high standards of hygiene and accuracy in toxicological analyses drives the continuous procurement of consumables.

The integration of advanced technologies into instruments and reagents has revolutionized toxicology testing. For instance, the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has significantly enhanced the detection capabilities of toxicological instruments. Similarly, t

Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionately high toll on vulnerable populations, coinciding with increased prevalence of alcohol-and drug-related deaths and pre-existing societal issues such as rising income inequality and homelessness. This poly-crisis has posed unique challenges to service delivery for people with substance use disorders, and innovative approaches have emerged. In this Perspectives paper we reflect on the poly-crisis and the changes to research and practice for those experiencing substance use disorders, following work undertaken as part of the InterGLAM project (part of the 2022. Lisbon Addictions conference). The authors, who were part of an InterGLAM working group, identified a range of creative and novel responses by gathering information from conference attendees about COVID-19-related changes to substance use disorder treatment in their countries. In this paper we describe these responses across a range of countries, focusing on changes to telehealth, provision of medications for opioid use disorder and alcohol harm reduction, as well as changes to how research was conducted. Implications include better equity in access to technology and secure data systems; increased prescribed safer supply in countries where this currently does not exist; flexible provision of medication for opioid use disorder; scale up of alcohol harm reduction for people with alcohol use disorders; greater involvement of people with lived/living experience in research; and additional support for research in low- and middle-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the addictions field and there are lessons for ongoing and emerging crises.

Introduction: In 2019, Scotland reported the highest number of drug deaths amongst EU countries. Of the 1,264 drug deaths reported in 2019, 94% were related to polysedative use. Studies have proposed a relationship between opioid use and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the concomitant use of sedatives and opioids has been associated with lethal cardiopulmonary events. However, evidence is still limited for the relationship between polysedative use and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the association between polysedative use and the underlying cardiovascular pathologies in drug deaths.Methods: This study consisted of a post-mortem investigation of 436 drug deaths. Data extracted from post-mortem reports included socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, age), cardiovascular pathologies (e.g., atherosclerosis, atheroma, and inflammation), in addition to the presence of opioids (e.g. methadone, heroin) and other substances (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepine) in the blood of the deceased. Stepwise multiple regression models were employed to identify which substances predicted cardiovascular pathologies.Results: The presence of opioids, benzodiazepines, and alcohol in the blood of the deceased predicted overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) severity [R2 = 0.33, F (5, 430) = 39.64, p < 0.0001; adjusted R2 = 0.32, f2 = 0.49]. Positive Beta coefficients may indicate an exacerbation of CVD (B = 0.48 95% CI = 0.25, 0.70) due to the presence of opioids in the blood of the deceased. Negative associations may instead indicate a relative protective effect of alcohol (B = −0.2, 95% CI = −0.41, −0.00) and benzodiazepines (B = −0.29, 95% CI = −0.48, −0.09) on CVD.Conclusion: These findings may inform national clinical guidelines on the need to monitor individuals who abuse opioids for presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors pathologies and provide timely interventions to reduce mortality in the population.

Xylazine Drug Testing Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Xylazine Drug Testing market size was valued at $412 million in 2024 and is projected to reach $1.07 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 11.2% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2033. The primary driver fueling this robust growth is the alarming rise in illicit use of xylazine, a veterinary tranquilizer increasingly implicated in drug overdose cases worldwide. The growing public health crisis, coupled with heightened regulatory scrutiny and the urgent need for rapid, accurate drug testing solutions, is pushing healthcare providers, forensic laboratories, and law enforcement agencies to adopt advanced xylazine drug testing methods. This trend is further supported by technological innovation and increased funding for research and development in toxicology and drug screening, making the xylazine drug testing market a critical segment within the broader drug testing industry.

Regional Outlook

North America holds the largest share of the global xylazine drug testing market, accounting for approximately 43.5% of total revenues in 2024. The dominance of this region is attributed to the mature healthcare infrastructure, widespread adoption of advanced toxicology technologies, and a proactive approach by regulatory agencies such as the FDA and CDC in addressing the opioid and xylazine crisis. The United States, in particular, has witnessed a surge in xylazine-related overdose deaths, prompting significant investments in forensic and clinical testing capabilities. The presence of leading market players, robust reimbursement frameworks, and ongoing public health campaigns further bolster North America's leadership in this space. Additionally, collaborations between academic institutions and industry are accelerating the development of innovative test kits and analyzers, ensuring that the region remains at the forefront of xylazine drug testing advancements.

The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to exhibit the fastest CAGR of 14.6% during the 2025–2033 forecast period. This rapid growth is underpinned by increasing awareness of drug abuse, rising investments in healthcare infrastructure, and the gradual tightening of regulatory frameworks around drug testing and substance abuse control. Countries such as China, India, and Australia are experiencing a notable uptick in the adoption of xylazine drug testing solutions, driven by both governmental and private sector initiatives. Strategic partnerships with global diagnostic firms, growing funding for forensic laboratories, and the emergence of local manufacturers are further propelling market expansion. The region's large population base, coupled with the rising prevalence of substance misuse, is expected to sustain high demand for xylazine testing products and services throughout the forecast horizon.

In emerging economies across Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, the xylazine drug testing market is gradually gaining traction, although at a slower pace compared to developed regions. These markets face unique adoption challenges, including limited access to advanced diagnostic technologies, budgetary constraints, and less-developed regulatory policies. However, localized demand is rising due to increasing incidences of drug-related crimes and the need for effective law enforcement tools. International aid programs, policy reforms, and investments in public health infrastructure are beginning to address some of these barriers. As awareness grows and governments prioritize substance abuse control, these regions are expected to witness steady, albeit modest, growth in xylazine drug testing adoption over the next decade.

Report Scope

This dataset is updated till 15th September 2022.

Introduction

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. However, some will become seriously ill and require medical attention. Older people and those with underlying medical conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, or cancer are more likely to develop serious illnesses. Anyone can get sick with COVID-19 and become seriously ill or die at any age.

The best way to prevent and slow transmission is to be well informed about the disease and how the virus spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by staying at least 1 meter apart from others, wearing a properly fitted mask, and washing your hands or using an alcohol-based rub frequently. Get vaccinated when it’s your turn and follow local guidance.

The virus can spread from an infected person’s mouth or nose in small liquid particles when they cough, sneeze, speak, sing or breathe. These particles range from larger respiratory droplets to smaller aerosols. It is essential to practice respiratory etiquette, for example by coughing into a flexed elbow, and to stay home and self-isolate until you recover if you feel unwell.

Symptoms

COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. Most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization.

Most common symptoms:

fever cough tiredness loss of taste or smell.

Less common symptoms:

sore throat headache aches and pains diarrhea a rash on the skin, or discoloration of fingers or toes red or irritated eyes.

Serious symptoms:

difficulty breathing or shortness of breath loss of speech or mobility, or confusion chest pain. Seek immediate medical attention if you have serious symptoms. Always call before visiting your doctor or health facility.

People with mild symptoms who are otherwise healthy should manage their symptoms at home. On average it takes 5–6 days from when someone is infected with the virus for symptoms to show, however it can take up to 14 days.

In 2019, there were around *** million deaths worldwide related to tobacco consumption. During the same year, drug use accounted for around *** thousand deaths worldwide. This statistic illustrates the number of substance use-related deaths worldwide in 2019.