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BackgroundPeople who use drugs (PWUD) are at a higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB); however, there is no clear evidence to determine the prevalence of TB in this group accurately. This study aimed to systematically review the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) among PWUD across studies conducted in different countries.MethodsAn electronic search for original articles on the prevalence of TB among People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The reference lists of included studies were manually screened to identify omitted eligible studies. Extracted data were imported into a Microsoft Excel sheet. The random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of TB among People Who Use Drugs (PWUD), with effect size (ES) reported as point estimates and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analysis and sensitivity tests were also performed. All analyses were performed in STATA version 18.ResultsA total of 2,085 articles were retrieved from the search. After removing duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, and excluding non-eligible articles, 23 studies involving 164,121 patients met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The average estimated prevalence of tuberculosis among People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) was 25% (95% CI: 0.21, 0.35). The prevalence of tuberculosis among PWUD was higher in Asia (32%) and North America (28%) compared to South America (10%) and Africa (5%). Additionally, the average prevalence of tuberculosis among PWUD was 36% in case-control studies, 26% in cohort studies, and 23% in cross-sectional studies.ConclusionThis review highlighted a high pooled prevalence of tuberculosis among People Who Use Drugs (PWUD), which varies across continents, study types, drug categories, and assessment tools. This emphasizes the need to integrate screening and prevention strategies into programs for PWUDs, address systemic inequities to reduce transmission, improve data reporting, and conduct more research in under-reported regions such as Africa and South Asia.Systematic review registrationidentifier CRD42024564181.
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| BASE YEAR | 2024 |
| HISTORICAL DATA | 2019 - 2023 |
| REGIONS COVERED | North America, Europe, APAC, South America, MEA |
| REPORT COVERAGE | Revenue Forecast, Competitive Landscape, Growth Factors, and Trends |
| MARKET SIZE 2024 | 2113.7(USD Million) |
| MARKET SIZE 2025 | 2263.7(USD Million) |
| MARKET SIZE 2035 | 4500.0(USD Million) |
| SEGMENTS COVERED | Type of Hemophilia Factor, Application, Data Source, End User, Regional |
| COUNTRIES COVERED | US, Canada, Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Spain, Rest of Europe, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Rest of APAC, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Rest of South America, GCC, South Africa, Rest of MEA |
| KEY MARKET DYNAMICS | rising prevalence of hemophilia, increasing research funding, advancements in treatment options, growing demand for data analytics, regulatory compliance pressures |
| MARKET FORECAST UNITS | USD Million |
| KEY COMPANIES PROFILED | Octapharma, Sobi, Grifols, Amgen, Sanofi, Roche, Baxter International, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Bayer, BristolMyers Squibb, Hemophilia Health Services, Takeda Pharmaceutical, CSL Behring, Boehringer Ingelheim |
| MARKET FORECAST PERIOD | 2025 - 2035 |
| KEY MARKET OPPORTUNITIES | Increasing gene therapy advancements, Rising demand for personalized medicine, Expanding global awareness campaigns, Growth in rare disease funding, Enhanced data analytics technology |
| COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (CAGR) | 7.1% (2025 - 2035) |
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TwitterAttribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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BackgroundPeople who use drugs (PWUD) are at a higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB); however, there is no clear evidence to determine the prevalence of TB in this group accurately. This study aimed to systematically review the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) among PWUD across studies conducted in different countries.MethodsAn electronic search for original articles on the prevalence of TB among People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The reference lists of included studies were manually screened to identify omitted eligible studies. Extracted data were imported into a Microsoft Excel sheet. The random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of TB among People Who Use Drugs (PWUD), with effect size (ES) reported as point estimates and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analysis and sensitivity tests were also performed. All analyses were performed in STATA version 18.ResultsA total of 2,085 articles were retrieved from the search. After removing duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, and excluding non-eligible articles, 23 studies involving 164,121 patients met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The average estimated prevalence of tuberculosis among People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) was 25% (95% CI: 0.21, 0.35). The prevalence of tuberculosis among PWUD was higher in Asia (32%) and North America (28%) compared to South America (10%) and Africa (5%). Additionally, the average prevalence of tuberculosis among PWUD was 36% in case-control studies, 26% in cohort studies, and 23% in cross-sectional studies.ConclusionThis review highlighted a high pooled prevalence of tuberculosis among People Who Use Drugs (PWUD), which varies across continents, study types, drug categories, and assessment tools. This emphasizes the need to integrate screening and prevention strategies into programs for PWUDs, address systemic inequities to reduce transmission, improve data reporting, and conduct more research in under-reported regions such as Africa and South Asia.Systematic review registrationidentifier CRD42024564181.