This Digital Terrain Model (DTM) for Continental Europe was derived using Ensemble Machine Learning (EML) with publicly available Digital Surface Models. EML was trained using GEDI level 2B points (Level 2A; "elev_lowestmode") and ICESat-2 (ATL08; "h_te_mean"). About 9 million points were overlaid vs MERITDEM, AW3D30, GLO-30, EU DEM, GLAD canopy height, tree cover and surface water cover maps. An ensemble prediction model (mlr package in R) was fitted using random forest, Cubist and GLM, and used to predict the most probable terrain height (bare earth).

The predicted elevations are based on the GEDI data hence the reference water surface (WGS84 ellipsoid) is about 43 m higher than the sea water surface for a specific EU country. Before modeling, reference elevations were corrected to the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008) by using the 5-arcdegree resolution correction surface (Pavlis et al, 2012).

Details on the work to create this dataset can be found here:

• Hengl, Tomislav, Leal Parente, Leandro, Krizan, Josip, and Bonannella, Carmelo. 2020. "Continental Europe Digital Terrain Model at 30 M Resolution Based on GEDI, Icesat-2, AW3D, GLO-30, EUDEM, MERIT DEM and Background Layers." Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4724549.
• European Digital Terrain Models (EU DTM)

NOTE:This dataset has been converted from its original units of decimeters to meters to aid comparisons with other datasets in the OpenTopography catalog.

The High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM) product is derived from airborne LiDAR data (mainly in the south) and satellite images in the north. The complete coverage of the Canadian territory is gradually being established. It includes a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), a Digital Surface Model (DSM) and other derived data. For DTM datasets, derived data available are slope, aspect, shaded relief, color relief and color shaded relief maps and for DSM datasets, derived data available are shaded relief, color relief and color shaded relief maps. The productive forest line is used to separate the northern and the southern parts of the country. This line is approximate and may change based on requirements. In the southern part of the country (south of the productive forest line), DTM and DSM datasets are generated from airborne LiDAR data. They are offered at a 1 m or 2 m resolution and projected to the UTM NAD83 (CSRS) coordinate system and the corresponding zones. The datasets at a 1 m resolution cover an area of 10 km x 10 km while datasets at a 2 m resolution cover an area of 20 km by 20 km. In the northern part of the country (north of the productive forest line), due to the low density of vegetation and infrastructure, only DSM datasets are generally generated. Most of these datasets have optical digital images as their source data. They are generated at a 2 m resolution using the Polar Stereographic North coordinate system referenced to WGS84 horizontal datum or UTM NAD83 (CSRS) coordinate system. Each dataset covers an area of 50 km by 50 km. For some locations in the north, DSM and DTM datasets can also be generated from airborne LiDAR data. In this case, these products will be generated with the same specifications as those generated from airborne LiDAR in the southern part of the country. The HRDEM product is referenced to the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 (CGVD2013), which is now the reference standard for heights across Canada. Source data for HRDEM datasets is acquired through multiple projects with different partners. Since data is being acquired by project, there is no integration or edgematching done between projects. The tiles are aligned within each project. The product High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM) is part of the CanElevation Series created in support to the National Elevation Data Strategy implemented by NRCan. Collaboration is a key factor to the success of the National Elevation Data Strategy. Refer to the “Supporting Document” section to access the list of the different partners including links to their respective data.

Zoom in on the map above and click your area of interest or use the Tile Index linked below to determine which package(s) you require for download.The DTM data is available in the form of 1-km by 1-km non-overlapping tiles grouped into packages for download.This dataset is a compilation of lidar data from multiple acquisition projects, as such specifications, parameters and sensors may vary by project. See the detailed User Guide linked below for additional information.You can monitor the availability and status of lidar projects on the Ontario Lidar Coverage map on the Ontario Elevation Mapping Program hub page. Now also available through a web service which exposes the data for visualization, geoprocessing and limited download. The service is best accessed through the ArcGIS REST API, either directly or by setting up an ArcGIS server connection using the REST endpoint URL. The service draws using the Web Mercator projection. For more information on what functionality is available and how to work with the service, read the Ontario Web Raster Services User Guide. If you have questions about how to use the service, email Geospatial Ontario (GEO) at geospatial@ontario.ca.Service Endpointshttps://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/Elevation/Ontario_DTM_LidarDerived/ImageServerhttps://intra.ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/Elevation/Ontario_DTM_LidarDerived/ImageServer (Government of Ontario Internal Users)Additional Documentation Ontario DTM (Lidar-Derived) - User Guide (DOCX) OMAFRA Lidar 2016-2018 - Cochrane - Additional Contractor Metadata (PDF)OMAFRA Lidar 2016-2018 - Peterborough - Additional Contractor Metadata (PDF)OMAFRA Lidar 2016-2018 - Lake Erie - Additional Contractor Metadata (PDF)CLOCA Lidar 2018 - Additional Contractor Metadata (PDF)South Nation Lidar 2018-19 - Additional Contractor Metadata (PDF)OMAFRA Lidar 2022 - Lake Huron - Additional Contractor Metadata (PDF)OMAFRA Lidar 2022 - Lake Simcoe - Additional Contractor Metadata (PDF)Huron-Georgian Lidar 2022-23 - Additional Contractor Metadata (Word)Kawartha Lakes Lidar 2023 - Additional Contractor Metadata (Word)Sault Ste Marie Lidar 2023-24 - Additional Contractor Metadata (Word)Thunder Bay Lidar 2023-24 - Additional Contractor Metadata (Word)Timmins Lidar 2024 - Additional Contractor Metadata (Word) Ontario DTM (Lidar-Derived) - Tile Index (SHP) Ontario Lidar Project Extents (SHP)OMAFRA Lidar DTM 2016-2018 - Cochrane - Breaklines (SHP)OMAFRA Lidar DTM 2016-2018 - Peterborough - Breaklines (SHP)OMAFRA Lidar DTM 2016-2018 - Lake Erie - Breaklines (SHP)CLOCA Lidar DTM 2018 - Breaklines (SHP)South Nation Lidar DTM 2018-19 - Breaklines (SHP)Ottawa-Gatineau Lidar DTM 2019-20 - Breaklines (SHP)OMAFRA Lidar DTM 2022 - Lake Huron - Breaklines (SHP)OMAFRA Lidar DTM 2022 - Lake Simcoe - Breaklines (SHP)Eastern Ontario Lidar DTM 2021-22 - Breaklines (SHP)Muskoka Lidar DTM 2018 - Breaklines CGVD2013 (SHP) / CGVD28 (SHP)Muskoka Lidar DTM 2021 - Breaklines CGVD2013 (SHP) / CGVD28 (SHP)Muskoka Lidar DTM 2023 - Breaklines CGVD2013 (SHP) / CGVD28 (SHP)DEDSFM Huron-Georgian Bay 2022-23 - Breaklines (SHP)DEDSFM Kawartha Lakes 2023 - Breaklines (SHP)DEDSFM Sault Ste Marie 2023-24- UTM16 - Breaklines (SHP)DEDSFM Sault Ste Marie 2023-24- UTM17 - Breaklines (SHP)DEDSFM Sudbury 2023-24 - Breaklines (SHP)DEDSFM Thunder Bay 2023-24 - Breaklines (SHP)DEDSFM Timmins 2024 - Breaklines (SHP)Product PackagesDownload links for the Ontario DTM (Lidar-Derived) (Word)Projects:LEAP 2009GTA 2014-18OMAFRA 2016-18CLOCA 2018South Nation CA 2018-19Muskoka 2018-23York-Lake Simcoe 2019Ottawa River 2019-20Ottawa-Gatineau 2019-20Lake Nipissing 2020Hamilton-Niagara 2021Huron Shores 2021Eastern Ontario 2021-22OMAFRA Lake Huron 2022OMAFRA Lake Simcoe 2022Belleville 2022Digital Elevation Data to Support Flood Mapping 2022-26Huron-Georgian Bay 2022-23Kawartha Lakes 2023Sault Ste Marie 2023-24Sudbury 2023-24Thunder Bay 2023-24Timmins 2024Cataraqui 2024Chapleau 2024Dryden 2024Ignace 2024Northeastern Ontario 2024Sioux Lookout 2024Greater Toronto Area Lidar 2023StatusOn going: Data is continually being updatedMaintenance and Update FrequencyAs needed: Data is updated as deemed necessaryContactOntario Ministry of Natural Resources - Geospatial Ontario, geospatial@ontario.ca

The product includes: 1) a Digital Terrain Model (DTM; 0.2 m resolution) that integrates airborne and mobile lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) data, and 2) a shapefile that shows the road segment of the Kamehameha Highway where mobile lidar data were available and used for generating the DTM. The airborne lidar were collected by NOAA in 2013 and the point density is 2.5 points/m2. The mobile lidar data were collected by Hawaii DOT (Department of Transportation) with the Mandli DVX system. The system includes Velodyne HDL-32 LiDAR sensors (each with a pulse rate of 700,000 points per second, range of 100 m, relative positive accuracy of < 2 cm for 1 sigma at 25 m, vertical angular resolution of 1.33°, wavelength of 905 nm), which are mounted at the two rear corners of the vehicle. The point density is 3334.4 points/m2. The DTM is in geotiff (.tif) format while the shapefile is in ArcGIS shapefile (.shp) format. DTM is a raster model that represent the elevation of bare earth, excluding aboveground objects such as trees, building, electric poles, traffic signs, etc. The shapefile is the centerline of the road segment corresponding to the mobile lidar data used in the study. Both data are in the projection of UTM (Universal Transverse Mercato) Zone 4N with the datum of NAD (North America Datum) 1983 (2011). The vertical elevation is in ellipsoid instead of orthometric heights.

This product set contains reduced-resolution Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) imagery and geospatial data for the Barrow Peninsula (155.39 - 157.48 deg W, 70.86 - 71.47 deg N), for use in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing software. The primary IFSAR data sets were acquired by Intermap Technologies from 27 to 29 July 2002, and consist of an Orthorectified Radar Imagery (ORRI), a Digital Surface Model (DSM), and a Digital Terrain Model (DTM). Derived data layers include aspect, shaded relief, and slope-angle grids (floating-point binary format), as well as a vector layer of contour lines (ESRI Shapefile format). Also available are accessory layers compiled from other sources: 1:250,000- and 1:63,360-scale USGS Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) mosaic images (GeoTIFF format); 1:250,000- and 1:63,360-scale USGS quadrangle index maps (ESRI Shapefile format); and a simple polygon layer of the extent of the Barrow Peninsula (ESRI Shapefile format). The DSM and DTM data sets (20 m resolution) are provided in floating-point binary format with header and projection files. The ORRI mosaic (5 m resolution) is available in GeoTIFF format. FGDC-compliant metadata for all data sets are provided in text, HTML, and XML formats, along with the Intermap License Agreement and product handbook. The baseline geospatial data support education, outreach, and multi-disciplinary research of environmental change in Barrow, which is an area of focused scientific interest. Data are available via FTP and CD-ROM.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The building data in this version (Version V1) is the legacy version. We suggest using the building footprint, lod1, and lod2 data of Version v4 (https://zenodo.org/records/15000747). The tree canopy and terrain data are the most updated in this version (Version V1).

Urban Big Data Centre of the University of Glasgow generates 3D city models via the airborne LiDAR point clouds acquired between 2020-2021 on behalf of Glasgow City Council. It is a large-scale 3D city model containing 3D information on terrain, trees, and buildings in Glasgow City. This dataset comprises terrain, tree canopy, and building products derived from high-density airborne LiDAR point clouds.

The terrain products include Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Digital Surface Model (DSM), and normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM) in 0.5 m spatial resolution. The DTM and DSM rasters were provided by the vendor and nDSM rasters were obtained by subtracting DTM from DSM. Terrain products are provided in 5 km by 5 km GeoTIF format raster.

The tree canopy products are composed of canopy height models (CHM) and tree top locations. Classified tree point clouds were applied with pit-free algorithm to generate CHM in 0.5 m grid raster in GeoTIF format [1]-[2]. Treetop locations were identified by using Local Maximum Filter based on CHM and are recorded as points in Shapefile format. The tree canopy products are provided in 5 km by 5 km tiles.

Building 3D model products include footprint polygons with building height attributes and 3D mesh of building models in LoD1 and LoD2 levels. A series of processes such as converting building point clouds to building height models (BHM), converting BHM to polygons, and polygon regularization were conducted to obtain the building footprint polygons. Building height attributes were calculated from BHM for each footprint. The building footprint data are provided in Shapefile format. LoD1 models were generated based on the footprint and average height of the building. LoD2 models were constructed based on footprint and building point cloud with City3D tool[3]. LoD1 and LoD2 models are provided in OBJ and shapefile format. Building 3D model products are provided in 5 km by 5 km tiles. The RMSE of Euclidean distances between each point in the point cloud to the reconstructed model was calculated to evaluate the LoD2 model construction. A table of RMSE and a note for a few problematic models are provided.

This product set contains reduced-resolution Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) imagery and geospatial data for the Barrow Peninsula (155.39 - 157.48 deg W, 70.86 - 71.47 deg N), for use in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing software. The primary IFSAR data sets were acquired by Intermap Technologies from 27 to 29 July 2002, and consist of an Orthorectified Radar Imagery (ORRI), a Digital Surface Model (DSM), and a Digital Terrain Model (DTM). Derived data layers include aspect, shaded relief, and slope-angle grids (floating-point binary format), as well as a vector layer of contour lines (ESRI Shapefile format). Also available are accessory layers compiled from other sources: 1:250,000- and 1:63,360-scale USGS Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) mosaic images (GeoTIFF format); 1:250,000- and 1:63,360-scale USGS quadrangle index maps (ESRI Shapefile format); and a simple polygon layer of the extent of the Barrow Peninsula (ESRI Shapefile format). The DSM and DTM data sets (20 m resolution) are provided in floating-point binary format with header and projection files. The ORRI mosaic (5 m resolution) is available in GeoTIFF format. FGDC-compliant metadata for all data sets are provided in text, HTML, and XML formats, along with the Intermap License Agreement and product handbook. The baseline geospatial data support education, outreach, and multi-disciplinary research of environmental change in Barrow, which is an area of focused scientific interest. Data are available via FTP and CD-ROM.

This is a tiled collection of the 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) and is one meter resolution. The 3DEP data holdings serve as the elevation layer of The National Map, and provide foundational elevation information for earth science studies and mapping applications in the United States. Scientists and resource managers use 3DEP data for hydrologic modeling, resource monitoring, mapping and visualization, and many other applications. The elevations in this DEM represent the topographic bare-earth surface. USGS standard one-meter DEMs are produced exclusively from high resolution light detection and ranging (lidar) source data of one-meter or higher resolution. One-meter DEM surfaces are seamless within collection projects, but, not necessarily seamless across projects. The spatial reference used for tiles of the one-meter DEM within the conterminous United States (CONUS) is Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) in units of meters, and in conformance with the North American Datum of 1983 ...

Single photon light detection and ranging (SPL LiDAR) is an active remote sensing technology for:

mapping vegetation aspects including cover, density and height representing the earth's terrain and elevation contours

We acquired SPL data on an airborne acquisition platform under leaf-on conditions to support Forest Resources Inventory (FRI) development.

FRI provides:

information to support resource management planning and land use decisions within Ontario’s Managed Forest Zone information on tree species, density, heights, ages and distribution

The SPL data point density ranges from a min of 25pts/m. Each point represents heights of objects such as:

ground level terrain points heights of vegetation buildings

The LiDAR was classified according to the Ontario LiDAR classifications. Low, medium and tall vegetation are classed as 3, 4, 5 and 12 classes.

The FRI SPL products include the following digital elevation models:

digital terrain model canopy height model digital surface model intensity model (signal width to return ratio) forest inventory raster metrics forest inventory attributes predicted streams hydro break lines block control points

LiDAR fMVA data supports developing detailed 3D analysis of:

forest inventory terrain hydrology infrastructure transportation

We made significant investments in Single Photon LiDAR data, now available on the Open Data Catalogue Derivatives are available for streaming or through download.

The map reflects areas with LiDAR data available for download. Zoom in to see data tiles and download options. Select individual tiles to download the data.

You can download:

classified point cloud data can also be downloaded via .laz format derivatives in a compressed .tiff format Forest Resource Inventory leaf-on LiDAR Tile Index (Download: Shapefile | File Geodatabase | GeoPackage )

Web raster services

You can access the data through our web raster services. For more information and tutorials, read the Ontario Web Raster Services User Guide.

If you have questions about how to use the Web raster services, email Geospatial Ontario (GEO) at geospatial@ontario.ca.

Note: Internal Users replace “https://ws.” with “https://intra.ws.”

CHM - https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/Elevation/FRI_CHM_SPL/ImageServer DSM - https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/Elevation/FRI_DSM_SPL/ImageServer DTM - https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/Elevation/FRI_DTM_SPL/ImageServer T1 Imagery - https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/AerialImagery/FRI_Imagery_T1/ImageServer T2 Imagery - https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/AerialImagery/FRI_T2_Imagery/ImageServer Land Cover - https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/Thematic/Ontario_Land_Cover_Compilation_v2/ImageServer

Service Endpoint

https://services1.arcgis.com/TJH5KDher0W13Kgo/arcgis/rest/services/FRI_Data_Access/FeatureServer

Additional Documentation

     Forest Resources Inventory | ontario.ca

Status

On going: data is being continually updated

Maintenance and Update Frequency

As needed: data is updated as deemed necessary

Contact

Natural Resources Information Unit, Forest Resources Inventory Program, FRI@ontario.ca

Single photon lidar light detection and ranging (SPL LiDAR) is an active remote sensing technology for: * mapping vegetation aspects including cover, density and height * representing the earth's terrain and elevation contours We acquired SPL data on an airborne acquisition platform under leaf-on conditions to support Forest Resources Inventory (FRI) development. FRI provides: * information to support resource management planning and land use decisions within Ontario’s Managed Zone * information on tree species, density, heights, ages and distribution The SPL data point density ranges from a min of 25pts/m. Each point represents heights of objects such as: * ground level terrain points * heights of vegetation * buildings The lidar was classified according to the Ontario lidar classifications. Low, medium and tall vegetation are classed as 3, 4, 5 and 12 classes. The FRI SPL products include the following digital elevation models: * digital terrain model * canopy height model * digital surface model * intensity model (signal width to return ratio) * forest inventory raster metrics * forest inventory attributes * predicted streams * hydro break lines * block control points Lidar fMVA data supports developing detailed 3D analysis of: * forest inventory * terrain * hydrology * infrastructure * transportation * other mapping applications We made significant investments in Single Photon LiDAR data, now available on the Open Data Catalogue. Derivatives are available for streaming or through download. The map reflects areas with LiDAR data available for download. Zoom in to see data tiles and download options. Select individual tiles to download the data. You can download: * classified point cloud data can also be downloaded via .laz format * derivatives in a compressed .tiff format * Forest Resource Inventory leaf-on LiDAR Tile Index. Download | Shapefile | File Geodatabase | GeoPackage Web raster services You can access the data through our web raster services. For more information and tutorials, read the Ontario Web Raster Services User Guide. If you have questions about how to use the Web raster services, email Land Information Ontario (LIO) at lio@ontario.ca. Note: Internal users replace "https://ws.” with “https://intra.ws." * CHM https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/Elevation/FRI_CHM_SPL/ImageServer * DSM - https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/Elevation/FRI_DSM_SPL/ImageServer * DTM - https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/Elevation/FRI_DTM_SPL/ImageServer * T1 Imagery - https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/AerialImagery/FRI_Imagery_T1/ImageServer * T2 Imagery - https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/AerialImagery/FRI_Imagery_T2/ImageServer * Landcover - https://ws.geoservices.lrc.gov.on.ca/arcgis5/rest/services/Thematic/Ontario_Land_Cover_Compilation_v2/ImageServer

This verison provides the tree volume data in raster format.

Urban Big Data Centre of the University of Glasgow generates 3D city models via the airborne LiDAR point clouds acquired between 2020-2021 on behalf of Glasgow City Council. It is a large-scale 3D city model containing 3D information on terrain, trees, and buildings in Glasgow City. This dataset comprises terrain, tree canopy, and building products derived from high-density airborne LiDAR point clouds.

The terrain products include Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Digital Surface Model (DSM), and normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM) in 0.5 m spatial resolution. The DTM and DSM rasters were provided by the vendor and nDSM rasters were obtained by subtracting DTM from DSM. Terrain products are provided in 5 km by 5 km GeoTIF format raster.

The tree canopy products are composed of canopy height models (CHM) and tree top locations. Classified tree point clouds were applied with pit-free algorithm to generate CHM in 0.5 m grid raster in GeoTIF format [1]-[2]. Treetop locations were identified by using Local Maximum Filter based on CHM and are recorded as points in Shapefile format. The tree canopy products are provided in 5 km by 5 km tiles.

Building 3D model products include footprint polygons with building height attributes and 3D mesh of building models in LoD1 and LoD2 levels. A series of processes such as converting building point clouds to building height models (BHM), converting BHM to polygons, and polygon regularization were conducted to obtain the building footprint polygons. Building height attributes were calculated from BHM for each footprint. The building footprint data are provided in Shapefile format. LoD1 models were generated based on the footprint and average height of the building. LoD2 models were constructed based on footprint and building point cloud with City3D tool[3]. LoD1 and LoD2 models are provided in OBJ and shapefile format. Building 3D model products are provided in 5 km by 5 km tiles. The RMSE of Euclidean distances between each point in the point cloud to the reconstructed model was calculated to evaluate the LoD2 model construction. A table of RMSE and a note for a few problematic models are provided.

This dataset shows each tile available and the extent of data in each individual tile that went into the merging process to create the LIDAR Composite DSM & DTM. The data is supplied as a shapefile. This metadata record is for Approval for Access product AfA458. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is an airborne mapping technique, which uses a laser to measure the distance between the aircraft and the ground. Up to 300,000 measurements per second are made of the ground, allowing highly detailed terrain models to be generated at spatial resolutions of between 25cm and 2 metres. The Environment Agency’s LIDAR data archive contains digital elevation data derived from surveys carried out by the Environment Agency's specialist remote sensing team. This dataset is derived from a combination of our full dataset which has been merged and re-sampled to give the best possible coverage. Data is available at 2m, 1m, 50cm, and 25cm resolution. The dataset can be supplied as a Digital Surface Model produced from the signal returned to the LIDAR (which includes heights of objects, such as vehicles, buildings and vegetation, as well as the terrain surface) or as a Digital Terrain Model produced by removing objects from the Digital Surface Model. The dataset can be presented as an ESRI ASCII Raster which contains height values, or as a georeferenced JPEG which is an image showing what LIDAR looks like when loaded into specialist software. Attribution statement: © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2016. All rights reserved.

Data represents the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30 metres image for Kenya.These SRTM was created through mosaicking tiles and clippingto the extent of the country