A new groundwater flow model for western Chippewa County, Wisconsin has been developed by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). An analytic element GFLOW model was constructed and calibrated to generate hydraulic boundary conditions for the perimeter of the more detailed three-dimensional MODFLOW-NWT model. This three-dimensional model uses the USGS MODFLOW-NWT finite difference code, a standalone version of MODFLOW-2005 that incorporates the Newton (NWT) solver. The model conceptualizes the hydrogeology of western Chippewa County as a six-layer system which includes several hydrostratigraphic units. The model explicitly simulates groundwater-surface-water interaction with streamflow routing. Model input included recent estimates of aquifer hydraulic conductivities and a spatial groundwater recharge distribution developed using a GIS-based soil-water-balance model for the study area. Groundwater withdrawals from pumping were simulated for 269 high-capacity wells across the entire model domain, which includes western Chippewa County and portions of eastern Dunn County and southeastern Barron County. Model calibration used the parameter estimation code PEST, and calibration targets included heads and stream flows. Calibration f focused on the period from during 2011 to 2013 when the largest amount of calibration data were available. Following calibration, the model was applied to two distinct scenarios; one evaluating hydraulic impacts of more intensive industrial sand mining and the second evaluating the hydraulicimpacts of more intensive agricultural irrigation practices. Each scenario was developed with input by Chippewa County and a stakeholder group established for this study, and designed to represent reasonable future build-out conditions for both mining and irrigatedagriculture. The mining scenario underscores the potential hydraulic impacts related to changing land-use practices (i.e., hilltops and farm land becoming sand mines), while the irrigated agriculture scenario illustrates the potential hydraulic impacts of intensifying existing land-use practices (i.e., installing new wells to irrigate farm fields).

11/22/2024- County-wide road updates were completed in Golden Valley and Billings Counties. Intersecting routes throughout the state were cartographically realigned in preparation of MIRE intersections 6/27/2024 - The data was prepared for HPMS submittal which included updated 2023 AADT values and to keep certain segments consistent with HPMS segments, mainly sample sections and the NHS, values of "BOTH", "NHS" and "SAMPLE" were added to the field HPMS_ROUTE_ID to distinguish these segments from other segments. 3/19/2024 - Miscellaneous updates were done in Dunn County. County wide updates to Grand Forks and Golden Valley counties along with route realignments at intersections throughout the state.12/04/2023 - County wide updates to Walsh, Dunn and Grand Forks Counties and various updates to county/local roads throughout the state including street names in Westhope8/23/2023 - Function Class changes were updated in McLean and Mountrail Counties. Function Class updates also occurred in the cities of Fargo, Valley City, West Fargo and Williston. County-wide updates completed for: Towner, Cavalier, Pembina, Pierce, Benson, Ramsey. 2022 AADTs updated. A road was also removed in Bottineau County at the request off a landowner.5/19/22 - Dunn County contacted the NDDOT with data updates ,Rolette County was updated, and the 2021 AADT's were updated. 2/14/22 - Contacted by the Dunn County Road Dept., updates were made on newly paved road segments. 1/20/2022 - Since the August 2021 update, Morton, Stark, Hettinger, Bowman, Adams, Slope, Grant and Sioux Counties have been updated using 2020 imagery. Surface type has been checked and updated on all functionally classified roads statewide. Function Class changes have been made in the Bismarck/Mandan Metro, Grand Forks County and Burleigh County.6/15/21 - Since the 2019 update, trails and seldom used trails were updated statewide using 2018,and 2019 imagery. Steele, Traill and Griggs Counties have also been updated using 2020 imagery. Surface type has been checked and updated on all functionally classified roads statewide New roads added includes roads in the Fargo, West Fargo, Grand Forks, Jamestown, Bismarck, Mandan, Minot, Dickinson, Watford City and Williston. Ownership on Federal jurisdiction roads were also updated based on an dataset received for FHWA in conjunction with the HPMS submittal. HPMS (Highway Performance Monitoring System) fields were also added in an effort to integrate the roads county data into HPMS and MIRE (Model Inventory Roadway Elements). 9/14/20 - Added the following fields - AADT, AADT_YR, HPMS_MAINTENANCE_OPERATIONS, HPMS_THROUGH_LANES, FUNCTIONAL_CLASS (replaces FUNCTION_CLASS)8/13/19 - The following counties were updated by using a variety of aerial photography: Eddy, Foster and Barnes. Seldom used trails have been added to Barnes, Benson, Billings, Bottineau, and Bowman Counties. Mercer County had (2) 61STAvenues, this has been corrected.12/26/18 - The following counties have had their roads updated by a variety of aerial photography, McHenry, Wells, Kidder, Cass (with aid of Cass county website) and McKenzie (with aid of McKenzie County GIS Coordinator)8/14/18 - Counties updated using 2017 NAIP Imagery are Ward, Mountrail, Burke and Renville counties. Seldom used trails are also being digitized into the dataset. They are being added as counties are being checked, so it will take some time for all seldom used trails to be added statewide. Also since the last update, all local roads that are in the corporate boundaries have been broken at the boundaries so it is easier to query to determine which roads go with each community.5/21/18 - removed CITY_INT_ID column - no longer used because of CITY_FIPS and HPMS_URBAN_CODE attributes. Removed SERVICE_LEVEL field, never used/maintained.4/19/18 - added HPMS_OWNERSHIP and HPMS_FACILITY fields for HPMS submittal1/24/18 - added CITY_FIPS and HPMS_URBAN_CODE attributes/domains. These columns will replace CITY_INT_ID and SOURCE_ID columns (eventually).11/15/17 - Williams, Divide and Bottineau counties have been updated. Great effort has been taken to update attributes and QC null fields. Functional Classified roads in Bismarck and Mandan have been updated as have local roads in Bismarck, Mandan, Williston, Fargo – West Fargo and Minot. 1/25/17 - started to maintain roads in Esri's Road and Highways. The shapes now contain measures in miles along with the associated linear referencing/roads and highways fields. Removed INSET_ASSOC field and added COUNTY_FIPS field.Updates include the counties of Emmons, Logan, McIntosh, Lamoure, Dickey, Ransom, Sargent and Richland. These counties were updated using a combination of the available NAIP aerials, the DES aerials, and by car within the insets. In addition to these updates, the whole county dataset was edited using Data Reviewer checks. The checks ran included unnecessary nodes, non-linear segments, invalid geometry, Duplicate vertices with a tolerance of .5 meters, polyline closes of self, checked for cutbacks using a 15 degree minimum angle, checked for polyline length check using a distance less than 10 meters, checked for multipart lines, inspected dangles with a tolerance of 10 meters, and checked for orphans. All checks were inspected and fixed where appropriate.7/16/14 - updates include: Traill, Barnes, Stutsman, Kidder, Bowman, Slope, Stark, Hettinger, Adams, Grant, Sioux and Morton. These datasets were updated using a combination of the available NAIP aerials, the DES aerials, and by car within the insets.10/22/12 - city streets were updated in Bismarck, Dickinson, Minot and Williston. GIS data from the city of Bismarck was used to update Bismarck, GIS data and 2012 aerial photography was used to update the city of Williston, Minot’s city map and the 2010 aerial photography from Ward County was used to update Minot, and 2011 aerial photography and Dickinson’s "working" city map was used to update Dickinson. The counties updated were Williams, Burke, Bottineau, Mountrail, Ward, Wells, Eddy, Foster, Griggs, Steele, and Cass. At the time of this updated, approximately 50% of Stutsman and 50% of Traill Counties are updated. Williams, Bottineau, Ward, and Mountrail roads were inspected from the air and the 2009 NAIP photos were also used to assist the updates. The roads in Williams County were also recoded to match Williams County naming conventions. Williams County CADD map which is on the Williams county web site was used in updating the road names. In Ward County, the 2010 image from Ward County was used to assist in updating Ward County. The 2010 NAIP photos were used to update Wells, Eddy, Foster, Griggs and Steele Counties. Cass was updated with the assistance of the Cass County GIS layer and the 2011 Cass county imagery. 10/3/2011 - County roads were edited in the cities of Fargo, West Fargo, Horace, Minot, Bismarck, Devils Lake, Grafton, Williston, Valley City, and Dickinson. Also, a part of Ward and Mchenry Counties was edited and the county of Renville has been updated. The business routes through Bismarck and Jamestown were also edited. 5/9/2011 - Updated streets in Bismarck, Mandan, Jamestown, Dickinson, West Fargo ( not quite finished yet), and Valley City. Also, corrected the north - south roads in Township 144N Ranges 49 - 53 E, (in Traill County) 10/5/10 - The original Roads_County data was maintained in two separate ArcInfo coverages and then combined each year and exported to the NDHUB infrastructure. These two coverages have now been combined into one SDE feature class and is being edited within the SDE environment. The following changes have been made to feature class. Deleted all the A1 and A2 Fields so a person would have to hunt back and forth to find a road name. Road names consist of the following fields: RTE_ID, STR_TYP, SUF_DIR, & LAN_DIR. The CMC route numbers were moved from the A1_ prefixed fields to the CMC field to better track the CMC route. Created a County Highway field so we can enter the county road number. It consists of the counties name and number. This is still a work in progress. Created FS_RD_Number and FS_RD_Name fields to better track Forest Service roads. Created Bia-RD_Number and BIA_RD_Name fields to better track Bureau of Indian Affairs roads. The following field changes are used for NDDOT specific processes: Created a service level field which is something that may be used in the future. Currently it contains how Walsh County prioritizes their roads. Created a Through and Connecting Route field so we can so select routes through the towns and cities. This was created exclusively for the county base maps. Created an Inset Associated field. This was created so the information in the rd_misc would come into the county routes. In the future, it is planned to be deleted. 6/18/09 - Updated county routes from aerial observation and photo interpretation using 2003, 2005, 2006 NAIP photos and 2008 photography from Designs camera. Counties updated were Golden Valley, Billings, McKenzie, Dunn, Mercer, Oliver, McLean, Sheridan and Burleigh. City streets were rectified in these counties using the 2003 NAIP photos. Observations were performed by Steven Nelson. 4/17/08 - Updated road surface types in NE. Rolette, Pierce, Benson, Towner, Ramsey, Cavalier, Pembina, Walsh, Grand Forks and Nelson from the 2006 aerial observations by Dewaine Olson 2/13/07 - Updated via 2004 NAIP photos: Barnes, Cass, Eddy, Foster, Griggs, Kidder, Steele, Stutsman, Traill, Wells. Combined Misc Roads and County Roads. Blank fields mean unknown attribute. Use P_STREET_NAME for dynamic labeling. We are also in the process of removing all proposed roads. 12/28/05 - Counties updated: Emmons, Logan, Mcintosh, Lamoure, Dickey, Ransom, Sargent, Richland, Divide, Williams, Burke, Mountrail, Ward, Renville, Bottineau, and Mchenry This data came from the NDDOT's Mapping Section. The original data was digitized from hand scribed maps and registered

4/25/2025 - Addition of Mandaree Fire District, Edits to Fargo/Horace Fire Districts based on Fargo boundary changes. Updates to Mandan/Mandan Rural Fire Districts based on Mandan boundary change. 11/22/2024 - Addition of part of former Oberon Fire Dept to Minnewaukan Rural. Addition of part of former Oberon Fire Dept into Maddock Rural Fire Dept. Changes to Bismarck City and Bismarck Rural Fire Dept based on Cooperate Boundary Changes. Addition to Great Carson Fire Dept. Removal of following fire dept that have been dissolved – Edna Rural, Oriska, Emerado and Solan F/P.6/27/2024 - Update to the Valley City and Dickinson Corporate Boundary based on requests from their GIS personal.4/8/2024 - Update to the Valley City Corporate Boundary.12/04/2023 - Updates to Marion Combines, Oberon Dissolution, City of Fargo boundary changes, Bowdon/Goodrich Boundary, Rutland Cayauga/Forman boundary11/08/2023 - Harwood Fire Department Boundary was verified.07/01/2023 - Bismarck Corporate Boundary based on current City of Bismarck GIS boundary10/1/2022 - Addition of Westby Fire Department, Updates to Mandan Fire Protection District and Mandan City Fire based on Mandan Corporate Boundary Change, Update to Bismarck Fire Protection District and Bismarck City Fire due to Bismarck Corporate Boundary Changes (June 2022), Update to Grand Forks City Fire, Ferry Township Fire Protection District and Thompson Fire Protestion District due to changes in Grand Forks Corporate Boundary. Updates to Fargo City Fire and Horace Fire Protection District due to changes in Fargo Corporate Boundary. 2/14/2022- Aligned Minot to corresponding City Boundary11/16/2021- Updated Rural/City Fire Districts to reflect changes in Corporate Boundaries in Fargo, Killdeer and Bismarck.5/4/21 - Created separate Fire District polygons for all city fire departments. Removed city fire department area from rural fire departments. Combined Pembina Fire Departments into one district – 4000. Updates to Sheyenne Rural Territory Lines. Modified Minot and Wahpeton to match corporate boundary changes.2/12/20 - 2851 - Kulm Rural Fire Department and 1561 - Ellendale Fire Protection District was changed to fix a discrepancy provided by the Dickey County Emergency Manager.1/17/20 - 0901 – Casselton Rural Fire Department has become 0900 – Casselton Fire Department. 1811 – Forman – Havana Fire Protection District has become Forman Fire Protection District. 3001 – Lehr Rural Fire Department becomes 3001 - Lehr Fire Department.10/2/18 - A new fire district was created in Dunn and Mercer counties called Twin Buttes Fire Protection District. The new Fire District number is 4911.1/24/18 - The following districts have been updated: Adams Fire Protection District, Ashley Rural Fire Department, Edgeley Rural Fire Department, Edinburg Fire Protection District, Edmore Rural Fire Department, Ellendale Fire Protection District, Fairdale Fire Protection District, Grafton Fire Protection District, Hoople Fire Protection District, Kulm Rural Fire Department, Lankin Fire Protection District, Lehr Rural Fire Department, Michigan Fire Protection District, Park River Fire Protection District, Pisek Fire Protection District, and Wishek Fire Protection District.10/3/17 by bb - From ND Insurance Dept. - the 0000 districts are for districts where there isn't a certified fire department with a fire marshall's office - there are ~10 areas that have this code.1/10/17 - The following districts were edited: Ashley Rural Fire Department, Kulm Rural Fire Department, Leeds Fire Protection District, Spirit Lake Fire Department, Minnewauken Fire Protection District, Bowbells Fire Protection District and Lignite Fire Protection District 1/16/15 - Flaxton Fire Protection District was dissolved and incorporated into the Lignite Fire Protection district and the Bowbells Fire Protection District. Oakes Fire Protection District was updated to match the map sent in by their district.1/28/13 - The following Fire Districts were changed during the 2012 calendar year: Jamestown Fire Protection District, Pingree Fire Protection District, Kenmare Rural Fire Department, Tolley Fire Department, Wales Fire Department, Langdon Fire Protection District, Hampden Fire Protection District Munich Fire Protection District and Nekoma Fire Protection District.1/23/09 Counties: Towner, Benson,Ramsey - Leeds Fire District Counties: Grand Forks - Addition of the Grand Forks Fire District. Possible omission during digital conversion??? Counties: Kidder,Dickey - Dissolved the Merricourt Fire District Counties: Pembina - Matched the map received from Pembina County. 2/25/08 Based data is being maintained in UTM Zone 14N. The data was unprojected via ArcMap for use on the Hub. The information came from Ken Rood and the Insurance Commission. For years the NDDOT would use ChartPak tape and tape the boundaries on our 11 X 17 County Base Maps. Deciding the need for a digital layer, the mapping section started to create the layer during the winter of 2006/2007. The section line layer was used to snap the Fire District Boundaries to. The layer was created in ArcMap and the names and fire district codes were given to us by the Insurance Commission. A geodatabase was created for the layer and topology rules were created to eliminate overlaps and slivers. The link to the maps on the Insurance Commissions site is http://www.nd.gov/ndins/company/details.asp?ID=321