During the fourth quarter of 2024, Duolingo had approximately 116.7 million monthly active users (MAUs) of the app. This represented an increase of around three percent compared to the previous quarter. Between the third quarter of 2020 and the end of 2024, Duolingo's monthly active users experienced a positive growth trend. How does Duolingo make money? Duolingo’s revenue witnessed an upward trend between 2020 and 2024, reaching a value of more than 178 million U.S. dollars during the second quarter of 2024. Duolingo Inc. generates revenue through its multiple services including app subscriptions, advertising, Duolingo English test, and in-app purchases. Subscriptions contributed the largest share to Duolingo’s revenue stream as the company generated over 400 million U.S. dollars solely from user subscriptions in 2023. In contrast, in-app purchases such as those generated by the selling of “gems”, Duolingo virtual currency that allow users to buy exclusive features and hints, generated around 35 million U.S. dollars in the last examined year. While the app attracted language learners from all markets, the United States was the country with the largest share of revenue, amounting to almost 240 million U.S. dollars in 2023. Duolingo leads the language learning apps market Language learning app publishers offer apps with a variety of interactive features for users. In 2024, Duolingo led the language learning apps market both in terms of number of downloads and yearly revenues. In July 2024, the popular language learning app recorded more than 14 million monthly downloads worldwide. Lingutown and Buddy.ai followed with 1.98 and 1.63 million monthly downloads, respectively. During the examined period, Duolingo was the highest-grossing language learning app and generated a revenue of more than 33 million U.S. dollars. Babbel ranked second with a revenue of 5.4 million U.S. dollars.What primarily motivates users to access language learning platforms? In 2023, the leading reason for using language learning apps in the United States was the desire to learn, as almost one-quarter of respondents reported they engaged with apps in this category out of curiosity. To have fluency in another language and travelling followed, 23 and 17 percent of respondents reporting to use language learning apps for these reasons, respectively.

Introduction

Duolingo Statistics: In 2024, Duolingo, the most popular language-learning app globally, met with remarkable success. As of 2024, the platform boasts over 100 courses in 41 languages and has surpassed 950 million downloads. In 2024, Duolingo achieved a revenue of $748 million, marking a 40.8% increase from the previous year. The company reported 103 million monthly active users and 34.1 million daily active users in 2024, reflecting a 51% year-over-year growth in daily engagement.

Additionally, Duolingo had 6.6 million paid subscribers by the end of 2023 .The platform's expansion is further evidenced by its offering of new subjects such as chess and the integration of generative AI to enhance educational content. These developments underscore Duolingo's commitment to broadening its educational reach and leveraging technology to improve user experience. This article will take a deep dive into the performance of Duolingo statistics in 2024 and focus on different trends and developments that shaped its success.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, Duolingo had approximately 40.5 million daily active users (DAU) practicing their language of choice on the platform. This represents an increase of almost 51 percent year-over-year, as well as a quarterly growth of around nine percent. Between the third quarter of 2020 and the end of 2024, Duolingo's daily active users experienced a constant increase.

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Duolingo is an American educational technology company that produces learning apps and provides language certification. There main app is considered the most popular language learning app in the world.

To progress in their learning journey, each user of the application needs to complete a set of lessons in which they are presented with the words of the language they want to learn. In an infinite set of lessons, each word is applied in a different context and, on top of that, Duolingo uses a spaced repetition approach, where the user sees an already known word again to reinforce their learning.

Each line in this file refers to a Duolingo lesson that had a target word to practice.

The columns are as follows:

• p_recall - proportion of exercises from this lesson/practice where the word/lexeme was correctly recalled
• timestamp - UNIX timestamp of the current lesson/practice
• delta - time (in seconds) since the last lesson/practice that included this word/lexeme
• user_id - student user ID who did the lesson/practice (anonymized)
• learning_language - language being learned
• ui_language - user interface language (presumably native to the student)
• lexeme_id - system ID for the lexeme tag (i.e., word)
• lexeme_string - lexeme tag (see below)
• history_seen - total times user has seen the word/lexeme prior to this lesson/practice
• history_correct - total times user has been correct for the word/lexeme prior to this lesson/practice
• session_seen - times the user saw the word/lexeme during this lesson/practice
• session_correct - times the user got the word/lexeme correct during this lesson/practice

The lexeme_string column contains a string representation of the "lexeme tag" used by Duolingo for each lesson/practice (data instance) in our experiments. The lexeme_string field uses the following format:

`surface-form/lemma

At the end of the fourth quarter of 2024, Duolingo Inc. registered 9.5 million paid subscribers worldwide, up by over 10 percent when compared to the previous quarter. Language learning apps tend to experience a surge in usage during the first and the third quarter of each year, due to consumers' seasonal preferences. At the end of 2023, the total number of Duolingo users who subscribed to its premium services was 6.6 million worldwide.

By the end of 2024, the number of Duolingo paid subscribers rose to 9.5 million worldwide, up by around 43 percent year-over-year. Duolingo is a language-learning website and mobile application that allows users to join language courses for free, or subscribe to gain access to premium features and functionalities. In 2023, subscriptions generated 76 percent of the company's revenues, followed by advertising revenue with a share of nine percent.

Between October and November 2020, it was estimated that the number of monthly active users (MAU) of the language-learning app Duolingo on android devices amounted to more than *** thousand in Brazil, making it the country with the highest figure among the Latin American countries analyzed. Mexico and Colombia followed, with *** thousand and *** thousand monthly active users, respectively.

In 2021, language learning mobile app and website Duolingo registered 9.6 million daily active users worldwide. Duolingo Inc, which was founded in 2011 and launched its mobile app the following year, allows English-speaking users to choose between 37 language courses including Klingon and Esperanto. Duolingo mobile app on Google Play Store recorded a peak of more than 1.4 million daily active users in November 2021.

In 2021, Duolingo surpassed 40 million monthly active users engaging with the company's language learning mobile app or the language learning section of their website. Between 2019 and the end of 2021, the number of Duolingo MAUs increased by 48.35 percent, registering a peak of 20.31 million users on iOS alone in December 2021 alone.

In January 2022, iOS users engaging with Duolingo mobile app via iOS daily were roughly *** million worldwide. Between the first and the third quarter of 2021, the app experienced an increase in the number of its daily active users on iPhone and iPad, surpassing *** million daily active users in September 2021. Duolingo increase in DAU and MAU is due to the global outbreak of coronavirus pandemic, which prompted users to spend more time at home and rely more on their devices for diversion. Duolingo, which launched in 2011, is a language learning app with a highly gamified setting.

This is the dataset for the 2020 Duolingo shared task on Simultaneous Translation And Paraphrase for Language Education (STAPLE). Sentence prompts, along with automatic translations, and high-coverage sets of translation paraphrases weighted by user response are provided in 5 language pairs. Starter code for this task can be found here: github.com/duolingo/duolingo-sharedtask-2020/. More details on the data set and task are available at: sharedtask.duolingo.com

In the first half of 2024, Duolingo generated approximately 3.5 million downloads in Indonesia, while the popular language learning app amassed around 3.2 million downloads from users in Vietnam across the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store. Additionally, Duolingo generated 2.4 million downloads from users in Japan during the examined period. Mobile video and language learning app Cake generated over 104 thousand downloads in South Korea, the market where the app was launched first, as well as 240 thousand downloads in Vietnam.

The global language learning application market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $2314.2 million in 2025 and maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 17.6% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Increasing globalization and the demand for multilingual professionals in various industries are significant contributors. Furthermore, the rising accessibility of smartphones and affordable internet access has democratized language learning, making applications a convenient and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods. The continuous improvement in AI-powered features within these apps, such as personalized learning paths and immersive virtual environments, further enhances user engagement and learning outcomes. Competitive pricing strategies and a wide range of language options offered by numerous players, including established brands like Duolingo and Rosetta Stone and newer entrants like Drops and Memrise, also fuel market growth. The market is segmented by language offered, app features (e.g., gamification, AI tutoring), pricing model (freemium vs. subscription), and target demographics (e.g., students, professionals). Regional variations exist, with North America and Europe currently holding the largest market share, although emerging economies in Asia and Latin America show considerable growth potential. However, the market also faces certain restraints. Concerns regarding data privacy and security, the effectiveness of app-based learning compared to in-person instruction, and the potential for user churn due to the availability of free alternatives are all factors influencing market dynamics. To mitigate these challenges, companies are focusing on enhancing user experience, building robust security measures, and offering personalized learning programs to improve retention rates. The future of this market hinges on continuous innovation in technology, strategic partnerships, and a focus on addressing the specific needs of diverse learner groups. The market's expansion will likely be characterized by increased competition, further development of sophisticated AI-powered features, and a shift towards subscription-based models to ensure sustainable revenue streams for application developers.

This paper explores the psychological underpinnings of user engagement in Duolingo, a prominent mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) app. Despite boasting millions of users, Duolingo faces challenges in user retention. We analyze the interplay of two contrasting psychological theories: User Gratification Theory (UGT) and Prospect Theory (PT).UGT posits that users are drawn to media fulfilling their needs. Duolingo utilizes UGT by offering a rewarding, personalized learning experience. Users gain satisfaction from progress feedback, achievement, and the personalized nature of the learning journey.Prospect Theory (PT) introduces a "loss aversion" concept, where the pain of losing outweighs the pleasure of gaining. Duolingo's "streak" feature exemplifies PT. Users are motivated to return daily to avoid the disappointment of breaking the streak. This fear compels sustained engagement, prioritizing Duolingo to preserve progress.UGT and PT create a dual-thrust motivational framework. UGT attracts users and provides a sense of accomplishment. PT, conversely, pushes users to avoid negative outcomes. Duolingo fosters positive reinforcement for initiation and enjoyment, while leveraging negativity to maintain consistent engagement. This approach appeals to diverse aspects of human psychology, offering multiple incentives for continuous app usage.The analysis proposes enhancements to strengthen user engagement and retention. These include: Integration of interactive content for active participation and deeper learning. Development of social features fostering collaboration and community learning. Expansion of advanced learning modules catering to proficient users. By understanding the interplay between UGT and PT, Duolingo can refine its user experience and maintain a thriving, engaged user base. Keyword: User engagement, User gratification theory (UGT), Prospect theory (PT), Gamification, Social learning

The online language learning system market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing globalization, the accessibility of technology, and a rising demand for personal and professional development. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $19.87 billion (assuming the provided "19870" refers to millions of dollars). While the CAGR isn't specified, considering the strong market drivers and the popularity of language learning apps like Duolingo and Babbel, a conservative estimate would place the CAGR between 15-20% for the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is fueled by several factors: the convenience and affordability of online platforms compared to traditional language schools, the gamified learning approaches employed by many providers, and the increasing integration of technology into education. The market is segmented by user type (enterprise, school, personal) and device (mobile, computer, tablet), indicating diverse applications and target audiences. The competitive landscape includes established players like Rosetta Stone and newer entrants such as Duolingo, reflecting both the market maturity and its continued innovation. Geographic expansion across North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region contributes significantly to the overall market growth, with variations in regional adoption rates dependent on factors like internet penetration and educational infrastructure. The continued expansion of the online language learning market is anticipated to be driven by advancements in artificial intelligence, personalized learning methodologies, and the integration of virtual and augmented reality technologies to enhance the learning experience. This suggests a future where language learning becomes even more effective, engaging, and accessible. Growth is likely to be particularly strong in regions with high internet penetration and a growing middle class, further bolstering the market's overall value and reach. Increased corporate investment in employee language training programs and the continued integration of language learning into educational curricula also point towards sustained expansion throughout the forecast period. However, factors such as the need for consistent user engagement and the potential for market saturation in certain segments may influence the long-term growth trajectory.

In January 2022, Duolingo mobile app counted more **** million daily active users worldwide via the Google Play Store. Duolingo is a language learning app that allows users to engage in games and short exercises to learn a foreign language. While the app has become increasingly popular in the last years, the number of daily active users of Duolingo on Android remains significantly lower than the number of users downloading the app from the Apple App Store. As of January 2022, more than **** million iOS users engaging with the app daily worldwide.

The global online foreign language learning platform market, currently valued at approximately $11.77 billion (2025), is projected to experience steady growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2.4% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is driven by several factors, including the increasing demand for language proficiency in a globalized world, the convenience and accessibility of online learning platforms, and the rising adoption of mobile learning technologies. The market segmentation reveals a significant portion attributed to adult learners, indicating a strong focus on professional development and personal enrichment. Different learning styles are catered to through base, intermediate, and advanced course offerings, allowing for personalized learning experiences. Key players such as Duolingo, Babbel, Rosetta Stone, and other prominent companies are driving innovation within the sector, enhancing user engagement through gamification, interactive exercises, and personalized feedback mechanisms. Furthermore, the diverse regional distribution demonstrates significant market potential across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific, with specific growth opportunities in rapidly developing economies fueled by increasing internet penetration and rising disposable incomes. The market's sustained growth trajectory is expected to continue, supported by ongoing technological advancements and a growing global need for multilingual proficiency. The market's restraints include the competition from traditional language learning methods, concerns regarding the effectiveness of online learning compared to in-person instruction, and the digital divide, particularly in regions with limited internet access. However, the ongoing development of immersive learning experiences, AI-powered personalized learning tools, and affordable pricing strategies are mitigating these challenges. The platform's segmentation by age (adult and child) and skill level (base, intermediate, and advanced) allows for targeted marketing efforts and the development of tailored learning materials. Companies are focusing on enhancing user experience by incorporating features such as virtual classrooms, interactive exercises, and community forums to foster interaction and motivation. The continued expansion into emerging markets and partnerships with educational institutions further strengthens the market's growth potential and long-term outlook.

This study examined the impact of Duolingo, a ubiquitous mobile language learning application, on developing second language (L2) reading and writing skills. Prior research suggested that Duolingo's emphasis on translating sentences and identifying vocabulary might positively impact these receptive skills. To investigate this further, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data gleaned from user progress on Duolingo with Cambridge approved reading & writing tests of A2 level and a qualitative analysis of metaphorical perceptions collected from participants. The findings revealed positive developments, albeit with limitations. Learners demonstrated improved vocabulary knowledge, expanding their ability to recognize and understand words in context. Additionally, they gained proficiency in constructing basic sentences, laying the groundwork for written communication. However, limitations were identified. The program's emphasis on gamification and short, repetitive exercises may not adequately address the complexities of L2 grammar. Furthermore, the lack of dedicated writing prompts or opportunities to practice with complex writing tasks restricts the development of more advanced writing skills. Future research could explore the effectiveness of combining Duolingo with traditional writing instruction to address these limitations. This approach might offer a more comprehensive strategy for L2 literacy development, encompassing both recognition and production skills. By leveraging Duolingo's strengths in building vocabulary and basic sentence structure alongside traditional writing instruction that focuses on grammar and complex tasks, learners could achieve a more well-rounded development of their L2 literacy skills.

The global language learning software market, valued at $2.126 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.6% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The increasing globalization of business and the rising demand for multilingual professionals are driving significant adoption across large enterprises and SMEs. Furthermore, the convenience and accessibility of cloud-based and web-based platforms, coupled with innovative gamified learning approaches employed by platforms like Duolingo and Memrise, are significantly enhancing user engagement and market penetration. The diverse range of offerings catering to various language learning needs, from casual learners to professionals requiring specialized language skills, further contributes to market growth. Technological advancements, including AI-powered personalized learning experiences and virtual reality (VR) integration, are poised to revolutionize the learning process, accelerating market expansion in the coming years. Regional market dynamics indicate strong growth across North America and Europe, driven by high internet penetration and a strong emphasis on lifelong learning. Asia Pacific is also experiencing rapid growth, fueled by increasing disposable incomes and a growing awareness of the benefits of language proficiency. While the market faces certain restraints such as the availability of free or low-cost alternatives and the potential for user engagement challenges, the overall market outlook remains exceptionally positive. The continued evolution of technology, innovative pedagogical approaches, and growing global demand for language skills will collectively drive sustained expansion within the language learning software sector throughout the forecast period.

The online foreign language learning platform market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a market size of $13.9 billion in 2025. While the provided CAGR is missing, considering the significant market expansion driven by increasing internet penetration, globalization, and the rising demand for multilingual skills, a conservative estimate of a 15% CAGR from 2025 to 2033 seems plausible. This would translate to substantial market expansion over the forecast period. Key drivers include the convenience and affordability of online learning, the availability of diverse learning resources tailored to different learning styles (base, intermediate, advanced levels) and age groups (adult, child), and the increasing integration of technology like AI-powered language learning tools. Furthermore, trends such as gamification, personalized learning paths, and virtual reality applications are enhancing the learning experience and contributing to market growth. However, challenges exist, including concerns about the effectiveness of online learning compared to traditional methods, the digital divide limiting access in certain regions, and the need for continuous improvement in pedagogical approaches to maximize learning outcomes. The market is segmented by learning type (base, intermediate, advanced) and target audience (adult, child), offering opportunities for specialized platforms catering to specific niches. Major players like Duolingo, Babbel, and others are competing intensely, focusing on innovation and expanding their global reach. The market's geographical distribution is vast, with North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific representing significant regional markets. While specific regional market shares are not provided, it is expected that North America and Europe will maintain leading positions due to high internet penetration and disposable incomes, while Asia Pacific is poised for significant growth fueled by a large and increasingly tech-savvy population. The competitive landscape features both established players with extensive resources and smaller, innovative startups. Success in this dynamic market requires continuous adaptation to emerging technologies, a strong focus on user experience, and effective marketing strategies to reach a globally diverse target audience. The predicted expansion underscores the importance of this market and its potential to transform language learning globally.