The electronic map market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing adoption of location-based services (LBS), the proliferation of smartphones and connected devices, and the expanding use of GPS technology across various sectors. The market's value, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to experience a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $45 billion by 2033. Key drivers include the rising demand for precise navigation systems in the automotive industry, the surge in e-commerce and delivery services relying on efficient route optimization, and the growing importance of location intelligence for urban planning and resource management. Furthermore, advancements in mapping technologies, such as 3D mapping and augmented reality (AR) integration, are further fueling market expansion. While data security and privacy concerns represent a potential restraint, the overall outlook remains positive, fueled by continuous technological advancements and increasing reliance on location data across numerous applications. The market is segmented by various factors, including map type (2D, 3D, etc.), application (navigation, GIS, etc.), and end-user (automotive, government, etc.). Leading companies like ESRI, Google, TomTom, and HERE Technologies are actively shaping the market landscape through innovation and strategic partnerships. Regional variations in market penetration exist, with North America and Europe currently holding a significant share. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness the fastest growth due to rapid urbanization and increasing smartphone penetration. The competitive landscape is characterized by both established players and emerging technology companies vying for market share through technological advancements, improved data accuracy, and enhanced user experience. The forecast period of 2025-2033 promises significant opportunities for growth, driven by the continuous integration of electronic maps into various aspects of daily life and the emerging importance of location data in diverse industries.

Web Mapping Market Outlook

The global web mapping market size was valued at approximately USD 3.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 8.2 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.8% during the forecast period. The robust growth of this market can be attributed to the increasing demand for geographic information system (GIS) technologies and the expanding applications of web mapping across various industries.

One of the primary growth factors driving the web mapping market is the proliferation of location-based services. With the rise of smartphones and IoT devices, the demand for real-time location data has skyrocketed, fueling the need for advanced web mapping solutions. Businesses are leveraging location-based services to enhance customer engagement, optimize logistics, and improve decision-making processes. Moreover, the integration of web mapping with emerging technologies such as AI and machine learning is further bolstering market growth, allowing for more sophisticated and predictive mapping capabilities.

Another critical factor contributing to the market's expansion is the growing adoption of web mapping solutions in government and public sector initiatives. Governments across the globe are increasingly utilizing web mapping technologies for urban planning, disaster management, and community services. These technologies provide invaluable insights and real-time data that aid in making informed decisions and improving public services. The push for smart city developments and the need for efficient infrastructure management are also significant drivers for the adoption of web mapping solutions in the public sector.

Furthermore, the transportation and logistics industry is witnessing a substantial uptake of web mapping technologies. With the rise of e-commerce and the need for efficient supply chain management, companies are relying on web mapping to optimize routes, monitor shipments, and ensure timely deliveries. The integration of GPS technology and real-time tracking systems with web mapping solutions is enhancing operational efficiencies and reducing costs. This trend is likely to continue as the demand for seamless logistics and transportation services grows.

The concept of an Electronic Map has become increasingly significant in the web mapping market. Electronic maps are digital representations of geographic areas and are pivotal in providing real-time data and location-based insights. They are extensively used in various applications, from navigation systems to urban planning and environmental monitoring. The integration of electronic maps with web mapping technologies allows for enhanced visualization and analysis of spatial data, offering users detailed and interactive geographic information. As the demand for digital mapping solutions continues to grow, electronic maps are playing a crucial role in transforming how geographic information is accessed and utilized across different sectors.

On the regional front, North America remains a dominant player in the web mapping market, primarily due to the early adoption of advanced technologies and the presence of major market players in the region. The Asia Pacific region is expected to exhibit the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by rapid urbanization, technological advancements, and increasing investments in smart city projects. Europe and Latin America are also anticipated to witness significant growth, supported by favorable government initiatives and the expanding use of web mapping across various industries.

Component Analysis

The web mapping market can be segmented by component into software and services. The software segment encompasses a wide range of GIS and mapping software that enable users to create, visualize, and analyze geographic data. This segment is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing need for sophisticated mapping tools that offer real-time data and advanced analytical capabilities. Companies are continuously enhancing their software offerings with features like AI integration, cloud compatibility, and user-friendly interfaces, driving the adoption of web mapping software across various industries.

On the other hand, the services segment includes a variety of professional services such as consulting, implementation, and maintenance. As organizations seek to leverage web mapping technologies, they often require expert guidance and support to ensu

Electronic Map Market Outlook

As of 2023, the global electronic map market size is valued at approximately USD 15 billion and is projected to reach USD 40 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 12%. This substantial growth is driven by advancements in geographic information systems (GIS), the increasing adoption of real-time mapping solutions, and the proliferation of smart devices requiring precise location data.

One of the significant growth factors for the electronic map market is the rapid adoption of smart devices and the integration of location-based services. Smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices increasingly rely on real-time mapping for navigation, social networking, and various applications. The growing consumer preference for location-based services enhances the demand for electronic maps globally. Furthermore, the development of autonomous and connected vehicles has necessitated highly accurate mapping systems, thereby fueling market growth.

Another key driver is the increasing investment in smart city initiatives. Governments and urban planners worldwide are leveraging electronic maps for urban planning, traffic management, and public safety purposes. These maps provide critical data for optimizing infrastructure development and managing urban growth efficiently. The integration of electronic maps in smart city projects is expected to significantly contribute to the market's expansion over the forecast period.

The rising importance of geospatial data in various industries also propels the market forward. Sectors such as defense, aerospace, and logistics rely heavily on precise mapping for operations, strategic planning, and tracking. The continuous advancements in GIS technologies and their applications across different sectors ensure a steady demand for electronic maps. Additionally, the advent of AI and machine learning in geospatial analytics further enhances the functionality and accuracy of electronic maps, driving their adoption in diverse industries.

Regionally, North America is expected to dominate the electronic map market due to the early adoption of advanced technologies and the presence of key market players. The region's strong technological infrastructure and high investment in R&D activities support market growth. Europe follows closely, driven by the increasing use of electronic maps in automotive and public sector applications. The Asia Pacific region is projected to witness the highest growth rate, attributed to the rapid urbanization, expanding automotive industry, and significant investments in smart city projects.

Component Analysis

Hardware

The hardware segment of the electronic map market encompasses various physical components required for mapping and navigation systems. This includes GPS devices, sensors, and other geospatial data collection tools. The demand for advanced hardware components is driven by the need for high-precision data in automotive navigation systems, smart city infrastructure, and defense applications. The continuous advancements in sensor technology and the integration of IoT devices have further bolstered the growth of the hardware segment.

In the automotive industry, the development of autonomous and connected vehicles has significantly increased the demand for sophisticated hardware components. These vehicles rely on precise mapping data for navigation and safety, requiring advanced GPS systems and sensors. The push towards electric and autonomous vehicles will continue to drive demand for high-quality hardware components in the mapping sector.

Moreover, the rise of smart cities has led to increased use of mapping hardware for urban planning, traffic management, and public safety. Governments and municipalities are investing in advanced hardware solutions to collect and analyze geospatial data, optimizing infrastructure development and urban growth. This trend is expected to continue, driving further growth in the hardware segment.

The defense and aerospace industries are also significant contributors to the hardware segment's growth. These sectors require precise and reliable mapping hardware for strategic planning, surveillance, and navigation. The continuous advancements in GIS technologies and their integration with AI and machine learning enhance the functionality and accuracy of mapping hardware, further driving their demand in defense and aerospace applications.

Overall,

The global navigation electronic map market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles. The market's expansion is fueled by the rising demand for precise and up-to-date map data for navigation applications across various sectors, including automotive, logistics, and mobile devices. Technological advancements, such as high-definition (HD) mapping and the integration of real-time traffic data, are further propelling market growth. Major players like ESRI, Google, and TomTom are actively investing in research and development to enhance map accuracy, functionality, and coverage, fostering competition and innovation within the sector. The market is segmented by map type (2D, 3D, HD), application (automotive, mobile, others), and region, with regional variations reflecting differing levels of technological adoption and infrastructure development. While data security and privacy concerns present challenges, the overall market outlook remains positive, projecting significant expansion over the forecast period (2025-2033). We estimate the market size in 2025 to be around $15 billion, with a projected CAGR of 12% leading to substantial market expansion by 2033. The continuous integration of mapping technologies into various platforms and applications contributes significantly to market expansion. The shift towards connected vehicles and the growing popularity of location-based services (LBS) are creating substantial demand for accurate and comprehensive navigation electronic maps. This necessitates improved data accuracy, real-time updates, and the integration of AI-driven features for enhanced user experience. Furthermore, the increasing focus on infrastructure development and the adoption of smart city initiatives are creating additional opportunities for map providers to offer tailored solutions. However, challenges like maintaining data accuracy across vast geographic areas and managing the associated costs of data acquisition and processing remain. Competition among established players and emerging startups drives innovation and the development of cost-effective solutions, shaping the market landscape. Specific regional growth will vary based on factors such as technological advancement, economic growth, and government regulations.

The e-Maps 2.0 website was developed to serve residents and visitors of the City of Peterborough. Users can do a variety of things such as search addresses, find points of interest, and view aerial photos.

Taiwan e-Map (Taiwan e-Map) is to provide the necessary basic map data for various national policy initiatives. It is built by the National Land Surveying and Mapping Center of the Ministry of the Interior using aerial photogrammetry in accordance with the Taiwan e-Map surveying and mapping specifications (the current contour lines only display elevations above 200 meters). This is an "open data network map service" that is smaller than the 1:18,000 scale tile (i.e. the 15th level of the tile scale). If you need a file, please refer to the "Taiwan e-Map tile packaging file" or the "Taiwan e-Map MBTiles file (for offline map use with the APP)" dataset. WMTS EPSG: 3857 WMS EPSG: 4326, 3826, 3857 The layer name is EMAP5_OPENDATA.

The global Navigation Electronic Map market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a market size of $14,750 million in 2025. While the exact CAGR isn't provided, considering the rapid advancements in technology, increasing adoption of GPS-enabled devices, and the expanding use of navigation systems across personal, commercial, and military sectors, a conservative estimate of the CAGR between 2025 and 2033 would be around 8%. This translates to substantial market expansion over the forecast period. Key drivers include the proliferation of smartphones with integrated navigation capabilities, the rising demand for precise location-based services, and the increasing sophistication of mapping technologies, such as the transition from 2D to 3D mapping. The market is segmented by map type (2D and 3D) and application (personal, commercial, and military). The commercial segment is expected to dominate due to its widespread use in logistics, fleet management, and ride-sharing services. Growth is further fueled by the integration of navigation maps with augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance user experience. However, factors such as data security concerns, licensing costs, and the need for continuous map updates pose challenges to the market's growth. The competitive landscape is marked by a mix of established players like Google, TomTom, and HERE, and regional players catering to specific geographic needs. Geographical expansion, particularly in emerging economies with increasing smartphone penetration, presents significant opportunities for market expansion. The market's strong growth is fueled by several factors. The integration of advanced features like real-time traffic updates, voice guidance, and offline map access significantly enhances user experience and drives adoption. The increasing use of navigation systems in autonomous vehicles is also a significant factor driving market expansion. The commercial sector, encompassing logistics, transportation, and delivery services, shows high growth potential due to the need for efficient route optimization and fleet management. Government initiatives promoting smart city development and infrastructure projects also contribute positively. Furthermore, continuous innovations in mapping technologies, such as high-resolution satellite imagery and improved data processing techniques, ensure the continued relevance and sophistication of navigation electronic maps. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with companies focusing on developing advanced features, strategic partnerships, and geographic expansion to secure market share.

Electronic maps (E-maps) provide people with convenience in real-world space. Although web map services can display maps on screens, a more important function is their ability to access geographical features. An E-map that is based on raster tiles is inferior to vector tiles in terms of interactive ability because vector maps provide a convenient and effective method to access and manipulate web map features. However, the critical issue regarding rendering tiled vector maps is that geographical features that are rendered in the form of map symbols via vector tiles may cause visual discontinuities, such as graphic conflicts and losses of data around the borders of tiles, which likely represent the main obstacles to exploring vector map tiles on the web. This paper proposes a tiled vector data model for geographical features in symbolized maps that considers the relationships among geographical features, symbol representations and map renderings. This model presents a method to tailor geographical features in terms of map symbols and ‘addition’ (join) operations on the following two levels: geographical features and map features. Thus, these maps can resolve the visual discontinuity problem based on the proposed model without weakening the interactivity of vector maps. The proposed model is validated by two map data sets, and the results demonstrate that the rendered (symbolized) web maps present smooth visual continuity.

The Taiwan e-Map is developed by the Ministry of the Interior's Land Surveying and Mapping Center to provide reference for the basic map data needed for various national policy promotions, using aerial photogrammetric methods in accordance with the Taiwan e-Map surveying and mapping specifications. It is produced as map tile files (currently, contour lines are only displayed above 200 meters in elevation). If you need to access the service, please refer to the "Taiwan e-Map (overlay contour lines, scale less than one eight-thousandth)" or "Taiwan e-Map (excluding contour lines, scale less than one eight-thousandth)" data sets.

The Taiwan e-Map has been created in offline map file (MBTiles format) to meet the demand for offline maps on mobile map apps. If you need to integrate the service, please refer to the "Taiwan General Electronic Map (with contour lines, scales smaller than 1:18,000)" or "Taiwan General Electronic Map (without contour lines, scales smaller than 1:18,000)" datasets.

RTB Maps is a cloud-based electronic Atlas. We used ArGIS 10 for Desktop with Spatial Analysis Extension, ArcGIS 10 for Server on-premise, ArcGIS API for Javascript, IIS web services based on .NET, and ArcGIS Online combining data on the cloud with data and applications on our local server to develop an Atlas that brings together many of the map themes related to development of roots, tubers and banana crops. The Atlas is structured to allow our participating scientists to understand the distribution of the crops and observe the spatial distribution of many of the obstacles to production of these crops. The Atlas also includes an application to allow our partners to evaluate the importance of different factors when setting priorities for research and development. The application uses weighted overlay analysis within a multi-criteria decision analysis framework to rate the importance of factors when establishing geographic priorities for research and development.Datasets of crop distribution maps, agroecology maps, biotic and abiotic constraints to crop production, poverty maps and other demographic indicators are used as a key inputs to multi-objective criteria analysis.Further metadata/references can be found here: http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/RTBmaps/DataAvailability_RTBMaps.htmlDISCLAIMER, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND PERMISSIONS:This service is provided by Roots, Tubers and Bananas CGIAR Research Program as a public service. Use of this service to retrieve information constitutes your awareness and agreement to the following conditions of use.This online resource displays GIS data and query tools subject to continuous updates and adjustments. The GIS data has been taken from various, mostly public, sources and is supplied in good faith.RTBMaps GIS Data Disclaimer• The data used to show the Base Maps is supplied by ESRI.• The data used to show the photos over the map is supplied by Flickr.• The data used to show the videos over the map is supplied by Youtube.• The population map is supplied to us by CIESIN, Columbia University and CIAT.• The Accessibility map is provided by Global Environment Monitoring Unit - Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Accessibility maps are made for a specific purpose and they cannot be used as a generic dataset to represent "the accessibility" for a given study area.• Harvested area and yield for banana, cassava, potato, sweet potato and yam for the year 200, is provided by EarthSat (University of Minnesota’s Institute on the Environment-Global Landscapes initiative and McGill University’s Land Use and the Global Environment lab). Dataset from Monfreda C., Ramankutty N., and Foley J.A. 2008.• Agroecology dataset: global edapho-climatic zones for cassava based on mean growing season, temperature, number of dry season months, daily temperature range and seasonality. Dataset from CIAT (Carter et al. 1992)• Demography indicators: Total and Rural Population from Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) and CIAT 2004.• The FGGD prevalence of stunting map is a global raster datalayer with a resolution of 5 arc-minutes. The percentage of stunted children under five years old is reported according to the lowest available sub-national administrative units: all pixels within the unit boundaries will have the same value. Data have been compiled by FAO from different sources: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), UNICEF MICS, WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition, and national surveys. Data provided by FAO – GIS Unit 2007.• Poverty dataset: Global poverty headcount and absolute number of poor. Number of people living on less than $1.25 or $2.00 per day. Dataset from IFPRI and CIATTHE RTBMAPS GROUP MAKES NO WARRANTIES OR GUARANTEES, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AS TO THE COMPLETENESS, ACCURACY, OR CORRECTNESS OF THE DATA PORTRAYED IN THIS PRODUCT NOR ACCEPTS ANY LIABILITY, ARISING FROM ANY INCORRECT, INCOMPLETE OR MISLEADING INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN. ALL INFORMATION, DATA AND DATABASES ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITH NO WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. By accessing this website and/or data contained within the databases, you hereby release the RTB group and CGCenters, its employees, agents, contractors, sponsors and suppliers from any and all responsibility and liability associated with its use. In no event shall the RTB Group or its officers or employees be liable for any damages arising in any way out of the use of the website, or use of the information contained in the databases herein including, but not limited to the RTBMaps online Atlas product.APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT:• Desktop and web development - Ernesto Giron E. (GeoSpatial Consultant) e.giron.e@gmail.com• GIS Analyst - Elizabeth Barona. (Independent Consultant) barona.elizabeth@gmail.comCollaborators:Glenn Hyman, Bernardo Creamer, Jesus David Hoyos, Diana Carolina Giraldo Soroush Parsa, Jagath Shanthalal, Herlin Rodolfo Espinosa, Carlos Navarro, Jorge Cardona and Beatriz Vanessa Herrera at CIAT, Tunrayo Alabi and Joseph Rusike from IITA, Guy Hareau, Reinhard Simon, Henry Juarez, Ulrich Kleinwechter, Greg Forbes, Adam Sparks from CIP, and David Brown and Charles Staver from Bioversity International.Please note these services may be unavailable at times due to maintenance work.Please feel free to contact us with any questions or problems you may be having with RTBMaps.

Specifications, principles, and processes for cartography and production of general electronic maps of Taiwan, updated version for the 114th year.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global electronic cartography market size is USD 26.94 billion in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.49% from 2024 to 2031. Market Dynamics of Electronic Cartography Market

Key Drivers for Electronic Cartography Market

Rising use of Smartphones and IoT - The prominent factor that drives the market growth include the widespread use of smartphones, tablets, and electronic devices. In addition rise in the usage of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, heightened the demand for real-time mapping solutions, consequently driving the demand for the electronic cartography market. In addition, growing dependence on location-based services (LBS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and GPS applications for searching nearby theatre halls, gasoline stations, restaurants, urban planning, disaster management, is another factor that drives the demand for electronic cartography during the forecast period.
The increasing need for real-time data mapping to create precise and current digital representations, combined with the capability to analyze and visualize streaming data from sensors, devices, and social media feeds, is expected to propel market growth.

Key Restraints for Electronic Cartography Market

Integrating geographic,and geo-social data from different sources, such as social media and satellite imagery, can be challenging due to differences in data formats and scales.
Lack of expertise among users regarding the adoption of electronic cartography in marine industry may hampered the market growth

Introduction of the Electronic Cartography Market

Electronic cartography is a technology that allows to simulate the surrounding area with the help of special technical means and computer programs. Electronic cartography integrated with various processes such as data processing, data acquisitions, map distribution, and map creation. As the demand for topographical information systems grows, the deployment of digital mapping has grown in the government and public sectors. The Science & Technology Directorate (S&T), in May 2024,has launched a digital indoor map navigator Mappedin. This digital indoor map navigator transform floor plans into interactive and easily maintainable digitized maps, and is currently being used by both response agencies and corporate clients. Mappedin provides high-quality 3D map creation, easy-to-use mapping tools and data, map sharing, and data maintenance, to city executives, building owner operators and first responders to make and deliver maps for a variety of safety-related situations—from advance preparation and planning to assistance during emergency incidents. Additionally the rapid rise in the number of smartphone and internet users has fueled industry expansion. Additionally, the increasing number of connected and semi-autonomous vehicles along with anticipated advancements in self-driving and navigation technologies, are expected to boost the demand for electronic cartography market.

*The minimum scoring function was used is each category.†The detection accuracy is highly overestimated since 85.87% of the PS pairs in the BioGRID were extracted from the E-MAP dataset.‡The detection accuracy is highly overestimated since 94.14% of the PS pairs in the BioGRID were extracted from the E-MAP dataset.aTrue positive rate (TPR, or sensitivity) at 10% false positive rate (FPR).b1-FPR (or specificity) at 70% TPR.cArea under the curve (AUC) at 50% FPR.dAUC at 100% FPR.

Navigation Electronic Map Market Outlook

The global Navigation Electronic Map market size is projected to grow from USD 15.6 billion in 2023 to USD 42.3 billion by 2032, reflecting a remarkable compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.6% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by increasing adoption of advanced navigation systems across various sectors, technological advancements, and rising demand for real-time mapping solutions. One significant growth factor includes the proliferation of location-based services and the integration of artificial intelligence in mapping technologies, which enhances the accuracy and relevance of maps for end-users.

One of the critical drivers for the Navigation Electronic Map market is the continuous evolution of the automotive industry, particularly with the advent of autonomous driving technologies. Self-driving cars rely heavily on high-definition electronic maps for navigation, obstacle detection, and route optimization. The need for precise and dynamic navigation systems is pushing automotive manufacturers and technology companies to invest heavily in this domain. Furthermore, the integration of augmented reality (AR) in navigation systems is creating new avenues for user interaction and experience, making navigation more intuitive and informative for drivers and passengers alike.

Another significant growth factor is the increasing use of navigation systems in the aviation and marine industries. In aviation, navigation electronic maps are crucial for flight planning, air traffic control, and ensuring safe routes. Similarly, in the marine sector, electronic maps aid in route planning, collision avoidance, and navigation through complex waterways. The defense sector also heavily relies on advanced mapping systems for mission planning, reconnaissance, and real-time decision-making. The continuous need for accurate and real-time geographic information in these sectors is a substantial contributor to the marketÂ’s growth trajectory.

The shift towards cloud-based solutions is another pivotal factor driving the expansion of the Navigation Electronic Map market. Cloud deployment offers scalability, ease of access, and real-time data updates, which are essential for modern navigation systems. The ability to seamlessly update maps and provide real-time traffic information enhances user experience and operational efficiency. Additionally, advancements in 5G technology are expected to bolster the performance and reliability of cloud-based navigation systems, further propelling market growth.

Electronic Cartography has become an integral part of modern navigation systems, revolutionizing the way we perceive and interact with maps. Unlike traditional paper maps, electronic cartography offers dynamic and interactive mapping solutions that can be updated in real-time. This technology leverages digital data to provide users with accurate and detailed geographic information, enhancing navigation accuracy and user experience. The integration of electronic cartography in various sectors, such as automotive, aviation, and marine, has led to significant improvements in route planning, obstacle detection, and situational awareness. As the demand for precise and real-time mapping solutions continues to grow, electronic cartography is expected to play a crucial role in shaping the future of navigation technologies.

Regionally, North America is a significant market for navigation electronic maps due to the high adoption rate of advanced technologies and the presence of key industry players. Europe also shows strong growth potential, driven by stringent regulations on vehicle safety and the widespread integration of navigation systems in automobiles. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to exhibit the highest growth rate during the forecast period, fueled by rapid urbanization, increasing vehicle ownership, and government initiatives to enhance transportation infrastructure. These regional dynamics are pivotal in shaping the overall market landscape.

Component Analysis

The component segment of the Navigation Electronic Map market includes hardware, software, and services. The hardware component comprises GPS devices, sensors, and other navigation equipment. The increasing demand for advanced GPS devices and sensors in automotive and defense applications is a significant factor driving growth in the hardware segment. Additionally, advancements in sensor technology, such as LIDAR and RADAR, have enhanced the accuracy and

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Spatial coverage index compiled by East View Geospatial of set "Yemen 1:50,000 Scale Topographic Maps (YAR 50(E))". Source data from OSI (publisher). Type: Topographic. Scale: 1:50,000. Region: Middle East.

This mapping tool provides a representation of the general watershed boundaries for stream systems declared fully appropriated by the State Water Board. The boundaries were created by Division of Water Rights staff by delineating FASS critical reaches and consolidating HUC 12 sub-watersheds to form FASS Watershed boundaries. As such, the boundaries are in most cases conservative with respect to the associated stream system. However, users should check neighboring FASS Watersheds to ensure the stream system of interest is not restricted by other FASS listings. For more information regarding the Declaration of Fully Appropriated Stream Systems, visit the Division of Water Rights’ Fully Appropriated Streams webpage. How to Use the Interactive Mapping Tool: If it is your first time viewing the map, you will need to click the “OK” box on the splash screen and agree to the disclaimer before continuing. Navigate to your point of interest by either using the search bar or by zooming in on the map. You may enter a stream name, street address, or watershed ID in the search bar. Click on the map to identify the location of interest and one or more pop-up boxes may appear with information about the fully appropriated stream systems within the general watershed boundaries of the identified location. The information provided in the pop-up box may include: (a) stream name, (b) tributary, (c) season declared fully appropriated, (d) Board Decisions/Water Right Orders, and/or (e) court references/adjudications. You may toggle the FAS Streams reference layer on and off to find representative critical reaches associated with the FASS Watershed layer. Please note that this layer is for general reference purposes only and ultimately the critical reach listed in Appendix A of Water Rights Order 98-08 and Appendix A together with any associated footnotes controls. Note: A separate FAS Watershed boundary layer was created for the Bay-Delta Watershed. The Bay-Delta Watershed layer should be toggled on to check if the area of interest is fully appropriated under State Water Board Decision 1594.

Named Landforms of the World version 2 (NLWv2) contains four sub-layers representing geomorphological landforms, provinces, divisions, and their respective cartographic boundaries. The latter supports map making, while the first three represent basic units, such as landforms, which comprise provinces, and provinces comprise divisions. NLW is a substantial update to World Named Landforms in both compilation method and the attributes that describe each landform. For more details, please refer to our paper, Named Landforms of the World: A Geomorphological and Physiographic Compilation, in Annals of the American Association of Geographers. July 2, 2025: We have made Named Landforms of the World v3 (NLWv3) available. Please explore this group containing all of the layers and data. NLWv2 will remain available. Landforms are commonly defined as natural features on the surface of the Earth. The National Geographic Society specifies terrain as the basis for landforms and lists four major types: mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains. Here, however, we define landforms in a richer way that includes properties relating to underlying geologic structure, erosional and depositional character, and tectonic setting and processes. These characteristics were asserted by Dr. Richard E. Murphy in 1968 in his map, titled Landforms of the World. We blended Murphy"s definition for landforms with the work E.M. Bridges, who in his 1990 book, World Geomorphology, provided a globally consistent description of geomorphological divisions, provinces, and sections to give names to the landform regions of the world. AttributeDescriptionBridges Full NameFull name from E.M. Bridges" 1990 "World Geomorphology" Division and if present province and section - intended for labeling print maps of small extents. Bridges DivisionGeomorphological Division as described in E.M. Bridges" 1990 "World Geomorphology" - All Landforms have a division assigned, i.e., no nulls. Bridges ProvinceGeomorphological Province as described in E.M. Bridges" 1990 "World Geomorphology" - Not all divisions are subdivided into provinces. Bridges SectionGeomorphological Section as described in E.M. Bridges" 1990 "World Geomorphology" - Not all provinces are subdivided into sections.StructureLandform Structure as described in Richard E. Murphy"s 1968 "Landforms of the World" map. Coded Value Domain. Values include: - Alpine Systems: Area of mountains formed by orogenic (collisions of tectonic plates) processes in the past 350 to 500 million years. - Caledonian/Hercynian Shield Remnants: Area of mountains formed by orogenic (collisions of tectonic plates) processes 350 to 500 million years ago. - Gondwana or Laurasian Shields: Area underlaid by mostly crystalline rock formations fromed one billion or more years ago and unbroken by tectonic processes. - Rifted Shield Areas: fractures or spreading along or adjacent to tectonic plate edges. - Isolated Volcanic Areas: volcanic activity occurring outside of Alpine Systems and Rifted Shields. - Sedimentary: Areas of deposition occurring within the past 2.5 million years Moist or DryLandform Erosional/Depositional variable as described in Richard E. Murphy"s 1968 "Landforms of the World" map. Coded Value Domain. Values include: - Moist: where annual aridity index is 1.0 or higher, which implies precipitation is absorbed or lost via runoff. - Dry: where annual aridity index is less than 1.0, which implies more precipitation evaporates before it can be absorbed or lost via runoff. TopographicLandform Topographic type variable as described in Richard E. Murphy"s 1968 "Landforms of the World" map. Karagulle et. al. 2017 - based on rich morphometric characteristics. Coded Value Domain. Values include: - Plains: Areas with less than 90-meters of relief and slopes under 20%. - Hills: Areas with 90- to 300-meters of local relief. - Mountains: Areas with over 300-meters of relief - High Tablelands: Areas with over 300-meters of relief and 50% of highest elevation areas are of gentle slope. - Depressions or Basins: Areas of land surrounded land of higher elevation. Glaciation TypeLandform Erosional/Depositional variable as described in Richard E. Murphy"s 1968 "Landforms of the World" map. Values include: - Wisconsin/Wurm Glacial Extent: Areas of most recent glaciation which formed 115,000 years ago and ended 11,000 years ago. - Pre-Wisconsin/Wurm Glacial Extent: Areas subjected only to glaciation prior to 140,000 years ago. ContinentAssigned by Author during data compilation. Bridges Short NameThe name of the smallest of Division, Province, or Section containing this landform feature. Murphy Landform CodeCombination of Richard E. Murphy"s 1968 "Landforms of the World" variables expressed as a 3- or 4- letter notation. Used to label medium scale maps. Area_GeoGeodesic area in km2. Primary PlateName of tectonic plate that either completely underlays this landform feature or underlays the largest portion of the landform"s area.Secondary PlateWhen a landform is underlaid by two or more tectonic plates, this is the plate that underlays the second largest area.3rd PlateWhen a landform is underlaid by three or more tectonic plates, this is the plate that underlays the third largest area.4th PlateWhen a landform is underlaid by four or more tectonic plates, this is the plate that underlays the fourth largest area.5th PlateWhen a landform is underlaid by five tectonic plates, this is the plate that underlays the fifth largest area.NotesContains standard text to convey additional tectonic process characteristics. Tectonic ProcessAssigns values of orogenic, rift zone, or above subducting plate. These data are also available as an ArcGIS Pro Map Package: Named_Landforms_of_the_World_v2.0.mpkx.These data supersede the earlier v1.0: World Named Landforms. Change Log:DateDescription of ChangeJuly 20, 2022Corrected spelling of Guiana from incorrect representation, "Guyana", used by Bridges.July 27, 2022Corrected Structure coded value domain value, changing "Caledonian/Hercynian Shield" to "Caledonian , Hercynian, or Appalachian Remnants". Cite as: Frye, C., Sayre R., Pippi, M., Karagulle, Murphy, A., D. Soller, D.R., Gilbert, M., and Richards, J., 2022. Named Landforms of the World. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33178.93129. Accessed on:

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC), found in the A-16 National Geospatial Data Asset Portfolio, support real-time navigation as well as collision and grounding avoidance needs of the mariner, and accommodate a real-time tide and current display capability that is essential for large vessel navigation. The NOAA ENC will support all types of marine navigation by providing the official database for electronic charting systems, including the Electronic Chart Display and Information System. NOAA ENCs will also provide fully integrated vector base maps for use in geographic information systems that are used for coastal management or other purposes. The NOAA ENCs are in the International Hydrographic Office S-57 international exchange format and comply with the ENC product specification. The ENC Harbor map service displays data compiled for ENC products with a scale range from street level (1:5,000) to town level (1:50,000).The ENC data used within this application will be updated weekly. This map layer is not intended for navigation purpose.Thumbnail image courtesy of: Kartverket