EarthExplorerUse the USGS EarthExplorer (EE) to search, download, and order satellite images, aerial photographs, and cartographic products. In addition to data from the Landsat missions and a variety of other data providers, EE provides access to MODIS land data products from the NASA Terra and Aqua missions, and ASTER level-1B data products over the U.S. and Territories from the NASA ASTER mission. Registered users of EE have access to more features than guest users.Earth Explorer Distribution DownloadThe EarthExplorer user interface is an online search, discovery, and ordering tool developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). EarthExplorer supports the searching of satellite, aircraft, and other remote sensing inventories through interactive and textual-based query capabilities. Through the interface, users can identify search areas, datasets, and display metadata, browse and integrated visual services within the interface.The distributable version of EarthExplorer provides the basic software to provide this functionality. Users are responsible for verification of system recommendations for hosting the application on your own servers. By default, this version of our code is not hooked up to a data source so you will have to integrate the interface with your data. Integration options include service-based API's, databases, and anything else that stores data. To integrate with a data source simply replace the contents of the 'getDataset' and 'search' functions in the CWIC.php file.Distribution is being provided due to users requests for the codebase. The EarthExplorer source code is provided "As Is", without a warranty or support of any kind. The software is in the public domain; it is available to any government or private institution.The software code base is managed through the USGS Configuration Management Board. The software is managed through an automated configuration management tool that updates the code base when new major releases have been thoroughly reviewed and tested.Link: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

This child data release provides the information needed to download from the USGS EarthExplorer portal digital orthophotos acquired during a tracer experiment performed on the Missouri River near Columbia, Missouri, on May 5, 2021. One of the primary goals of this tracer experiment was to assess the feasibility of inferring concentrations of a visible dye (Rhodamine WT) from various types of remotely sensed data in a large, highly turbid natural river channel. Previous research on remote sensing of tracer dye concentrations has focused on clear-flowing streams, but the Missouri River is much more turbid. As a result, the effect of the dye on the reflectance of the water could be obscured by the effects of suspended sediment on reflectance. This experiment thus provided an initial test of the potential to map dye concentrations from remotely sensed data in more turbid rivers like the Missouri. The experiment involved introducing a pulse of Rhodamine WT dye into the channel at an upstream transect and then observing the dispersion of the dye along the river using various in situ and remote sensing instruments. A flight contractor, Surdex Corporation, was enlisted to acquire digital orthophotography of the Missouri River area near Columbia MO, spanning the approximately 7 mile reach of the channel from river miles 176-183, during the experiment. Eight lines were flown starting around 9 am and flown 10 to 20 minutes apart, ending at 11:25 am central standard time. The images were captured with a Leica ADS100 Digital Mapping Camera. All survey ground control was also acquired and processed by Surdex, imagery was controlled using Airborne GPS/IMU technology on board the aircraft at the time of acquisition and processed against a stationary GPS base station. Four band digital imagery was processed and triangulated and then the imagery was fully orthorectfied and moaicked for 10cm digital orthophotography delivered as 4-band tiles. The resulting data set consists of orthophotos with a 10 cm pixel size. Surdex Corporation used the raw imagery to produce high resolution 10 cm 4-band (red, green, blue, and near-infrared) orthophotos for each of eight passes over the project area of interest. Tiled deliverable products were created from a custom tiling scheme consisting of 19 tiles for each of the eight flight lines and consist of 4 band tiff files with corresponding *.tfw world files. The data set delivered by the flight contractor was transferred to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center for archiving and distribution via the EarthExplorer web portal at https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov. EROS also produced metadata describing the orthophotos in the file EROSmetadata.csv. The orthophotos can can be obtained by visiting the EarthExplorer web site at https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/and using the Entity ID field in the EROSmetadata.csv file. On the EarthExplorer home page, go to the second tab of the panel on the left, labeled Data Sets, select Aerial Imagery/High Resolution Orthoimagery, and click on Additional Criteria at the bottom. On the Additional Criteria tab, click the plus symbol next to Entity ID, enter the Entity ID value from the EROSmetadata.csv file for the tile of interest, and click on Results at the bottom. The tile should then appear in the results tab with several options represented by icons to show the footprint, overlay a browse image, or show the metadata and browse in a separate window. To download the data, click on the fifth icon from the left, which features a green download arrow pointing toward a disk drive, and click Download on the resulting pop-up to begin downloading a zip file. This zip archive contains a number of files in two subfolders. For example, for line 1, tile 10: 1) 4023644_line1_10.zip\MO\2021\202106_missouri_river_dye_columbia_mo_10cm_utm15_cnir\index001 contains shapefiles of tile layouts and exposure times for each flight line and tile and the metadata and ortho accuracy reports from the flight contractor. The folder 2) 4023644_line1_10.zip\MO\2021\202106_missouri_river_dye_columbia_mo_10cm_utm15_cnir\vol001 has the actual image as a tif (like line1_10.tif) and corresponding *.tfw world file (like line1_10.tfw). These files can be opened and viewed in GIS or image processing software.

Query and order satellite images, aerial photographs, and cartographic products through the U.S. Geological Survey. Log in as a guest or as a registered user. Registered users have access to more features than guests do. If you plan on using EarthExplorer frequently, you may wish to register. Please note that this site uses Session Cookies and Java applets. EarthExplorer offers two digital download options for the Antarctic Single Frame Records photography. The files are stored in a TIFF format. Medium Resolution Digital Aerial Products are non-photogrammetric quality and created with a digital camera at 63 micron (400 dpi). The file size for nine inch scenes is approximately 15 MB (megabytes) for black-and-white and 45 MB for color images. High Resolution Digital Aerial Products are of photogrammetric quality and were created with a digital scanning back at 25 micron (1000 dpi). The file size for nine inch scenes is approximately 110 MB for black-and-white images and 330 MB for color images. USGS EROS scanning of the Antarctic film collection involved updates to EarthExplorer that activated no cost high resolution downloads and turned off custom scanning request capabilities.

About the dataLand use land cover (LULC) maps are an increasingly important tool for decision-makers in many industry sectors and developing nations around the world. The information provided by these maps helps inform policy and land management decisions by better understanding and quantifying the impacts of earth processes and human activity.ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World provides a detailed, accurate, and timely LULC map of the world. The data is the result of a three-way collaboration among Esri, Impact Observatory, and Microsoft. For more information about the data, see Sentinel-2 10m Land Use/Land Cover Time Series.About the appOne of the foremost capabilities of this app is the dynamic change analysis. The app provides dynamic visual and statistical change by comparing annual slices of the Sentinel-2 10m Land Use/Land Cover data as you explore the map.Overview of capabilities:Visual change analysis with either 'Step Mode' or 'Swipe Mode'Dynamic statistical change analysis by year, map extent, and classFilter by selected land cover classRegional class statistics summarized by administrative boundariesImagery mode for visual investigation and validation of land coverSelect imagery renderings (e.g. SWIR to visualize forest burn scars)Data download for offline use

This child data release provides the information needed to download from the USGS EarthExplorer portal digital orthophotos acquired along the Tanana and Nenana Rivers near Nenana, Alaska, on August 19, 2021. The primary goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of estimating surface flow velocities from optical image sequences acquired from a fixed-wing aircraft flying along the river by tracking water surface features via particle image velocimetry (PIV). Remote sensing of flow velocities could provide a more efficient, cost-effective alternative to conventional field-based methods of measuring channel hydraulics and thus become an important component of non-contact approaches to streamgaging. Moreover, the ability to collect such data from a moving aircraft opens up the possibility of examining longer river reaches via remote sensing. The USGS collaborated with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to acquire digital orthophotography of the Tanana and Nenana Rivers near Nenana, AK, spanning reaches of approximately 4.2 km along the Tanana and 2.7 km along the Nenana. Data were collected at three different flying heights above ground level: 600 m, 902 m, and 1204 m, resulting in 10, 6, and 4 separate flight lines, respectively. The data from each flying height were nominally referred to as "2K," "3K," and "4k," respectively, for the nominal flying height in feet (2,000, 3,000, or 4,000 feet above ground level). Images were captured using two different systems: a Nikon digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera that provided standard red-green-blue (RGB) color images and a Lucint multi-camera array that also included a near-infrared band. A GPS point and time stamp associated with each image, along with information on the camera characteristics and a DEM of the study area, were then used as input to the Simactive Correlator 3D photogrammetric software package to produce digital orthophotos in the NAD83_2011 UTM zone 6N projected coordinate system. The pixel sizes of these output images varied among flying heights and between the two imaging systems and ranged from 0.04635 m to 0.1 m. The deliverable products available through this data release include all of the individual orthophotos for each flying height and imaging system as TIFF files with associated .tfw world files. The data set delivered by the USFWS was transferred to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center for archiving and distribution via the EarthExplorer web portal at https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov. EROS also produced metadata describing the orthophotos in the files ak21riverorthosmetadata.docx and EROSmetadata.csv. The orthophotos can can be obtained by visiting the EarthExplorer web site at https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov and using the Entity ID field in the EROSmetadata.csv file. On the EarthExplorer home page, go to the second tab of the panel on the left, labeled Data Sets, select Aerial Imagery/High Resolution Orthoimagery, and click on Additional Criteria at the bottom. On the Additional Criteria tab, click the plus symbol next to Entity ID, enter the Entity ID value from the EROSmetadata.csv file for the orthophoto of interest, and click on Results at the bottom. The image should then appear in the results tab with several options represented by icons to show the footprint, overlay a browse image, or show the metadata and browse in a separate window. To download the data, click on the fifth icon from the left, which features a green download arrow pointing toward a disk drive, and click Download on the resulting pop-up to begin downloading a zip file. This zip archive contains a number of files in two subfolders. For example, for one of the photos form the Lucint 2K flight line, we have: 1) 4080000_rgb_17pe87_rgb_17pe87_20210819t182335z_00000123.zip\ AK\2021\202108_tanana_ak_lucint_2k_5bnd_5cm_utm6_multi\index001 contains a list of all the images in the data set as a text file, a Word document with general metadata about the entire dataset, an Excel file with spatial information (bounding box) for each orthophoto in the data set, and a .prj file with information on the projection (NAD83_2011 UTM Zone 6N). 2) 4080000_rgb_17pe87_rgb_17pe87_20210819t182335z_00000123.zip\ AK\2021\202108_tanana_ak_lucint_2k_5bnd_5cm_utm6_multi\vol001 has the actual image as a tif (like rgb_17pe87_rgb_17pe87_20210819t182335z_00000123.tif) and corresponding *.tfw world file (like rgb_17pe87_rgb_17pe87_20210819t182335z_00000123.tfw). Note that vol001 indicates that the images are from the flight line 1, vol002 for flight line 2, and so on. These files can be opened and viewed in GIS or image processing software.

The Earth-Observing One (EO-1) satellite was decommissioned March 2017. The EO-1 satellite was launched on November 21, 2000 with the NASA's New Millennium Program (NMP). The NMP was an advanced-technology development program created a new generation of technologies and mission concepts into future Earth and space science missions. Information of the EO-1 mission can be found on the EOPortal. All EO-1 ALI and Hyperion historical data will continue to be available through EarthExplorer for the foreseeable future. EO-1 Product Description The Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite was launched November 21, 2000 as a one-year technology demonstration/validation mission. After the initial technology mission was completed, NASA and the USGS agreed to the continuation of the EO-1 program as an Extended Mission. The EO-1 Extended Mission is chartered to collect and distribute Hyperion hyperspectral and Advanced Land Imager (ALI) multispectral products according to customer tasking requests. Hyperion Instrument on board the EO-1 spacecraft Hyperion collects 220 unique spectral channels ranging from 0.357 to 2.576 micrometers with a 10-nm bandwidth. The instrument operates in a pushbroom fashion, with a spatial resolution of 30 meters for all bands. The standard scene width is 7.7 kilometers. Standard scene length is 42 kilometers, with an optional increased scene length of 185 kilometers (additional information). All Hyperion and Advanced Land Imager (ALI) data in the archive will be attempted to be processed to the Level 1Gst level of correction. If the scene fails the Level 1Gst processing level, it will be removed from the archive and will become unavailable. As of June 15th, 2009, not all of the EO-1 data has been processed; please continue to check back if the scene of your interest is not available. We will be making attempts to process the failed scene as time and workload permits; however there are no guarantees that all of the EO-1 scenes will be able to be processed.

This is a tiled collection of the 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) and is one meter resolution. The 3DEP data holdings serve as the elevation layer of The National Map, and provide foundational elevation information for earth science studies and mapping applications in the United States. Scientists and resource managers use 3DEP data for hydrologic modeling, resource monitoring, mapping and visualization, and many other applications. The elevations in this DEM represent the topographic bare-earth surface. USGS standard one-meter DEMs are produced exclusively from high resolution light detection and ranging (lidar) source data of one-meter or higher resolution. One-meter DEM surfaces are seamless within collection projects, but, not necessarily seamless across projects. The spatial reference used for tiles of the one-meter DEM within the conterminous United States (CONUS) is Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) in units of meters, and in conformance with the North American Datum of 1983 ...

'Keyhole (KH) satellite systems- KH-9 acquired photographs of the Earth\'s surface with a telescopic camera system and transported the exposed film through the use of recovery capsules. The capsules or buckets were de-orbited and retrieved by aircraft while the capsules parachuted to earth. The exposed film was developed and the images were analyzed for a range military applications. The Keyhole (KH) satellite system KH-9 (Hexagon) operated between 1971 and 1984. The imagery generated are of historical interest and expected to support current scientific research on climate change and related fields of inquiry. Almost all of the imagery from this camera was declassified in 2012 as a continuation of Executive Order 12951, the same order that declassified CORONA. A subset of this declassified data was transferred to the U.S. Geological Survey\'s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. Please check the coverage map in EarthExplorer to verify the extent of coverage for the subset of images available from EROS. The Available images are primarily over the United States, Antarctica, and the Arctic Circle. The KH-9 program was designed to support mapping requirement and exact positioning of geographical points for the military. The KH-9 panoramic cameras captured high resolution (2-4 feet) images and the terrain camera captured high resolution (2-4 feet) images and the terrain camera captured moderate resolution (20-30 feet) images. High resolution images were acquired on 6.5 inch wide variable length film. The moderate resolution terrain camera acquired images that were printed to 9 inch wide variable length film. The digital products are produced from a duplicate positive film source. The use of browse imagery provides an opportunity to determine if the area of interest is covered and to check for cloud cover. The original film sources are maintained by the (http://www.archives.gov) National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). '

Raw aerial photography, orthorectified imagery, point cloud data, and digital elevation models (DEMs) for Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (NRA) following the Carr Fire. Sites within the NRA include: Lower Crystal Creek, Tower House, Grizzly Gulch, Boulder Creek South Shore and Conifer, Brandy Creek Camp, Shasta Divide, Paige Bar (North, NEED Camp, East, and Southeast), Chinese Laundry, and Coggins Park. Imagery was collected with two sensors (Ricoh GR II and MicaSense RedEdge) on a quadcopter flown at 400 feet above ground level immediately following the Carr Fire (October 2018) and 8-9 months after the fire (May and June 2019). Due to access, not all sites were flown during both collection periods. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center UAS data is available from Earth Explorer. To access: 1) Log in to https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov 2) Search for imagery by downloading the KMZ file below and selecting it within the KML tab in the Search Criteria (on Earth Explorer). 3) Specify a date range if searching for imagery from a specific collection period. 4) Click on Data Sets and select UAS - Raw/Orttho/Point Cloud/DEM (desired imagery format). 5) Click on Results to view and download imagery.

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) successfully collected Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) data over 80 percent of the landmass of the Earth between 60 degrees North and 56 degrees South latitudes in February 2000. The mission was co-sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) performed preliminary processing of SRTM data and forwarded partially finished data directly to NGA for finishing by NGA's contractors and subsequent monthly deliveries to the NGA Digital Products Data Wharehouse (DPDW). All the data products delivered by the contractors conform to the NGA SRTM products and the NGA Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) to the Earth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) Center. The DPDW ingests the SRTM data products, checks them for formatting errors, loads the SRTM DTED into the NGA data distribution system, and ships the public domain SRTM DTED to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) Center. Two resolutions of finished grade SRTM data are available through EarthExplorer from the collection held in the USGS EROS archive: 1 arc-second (approximately 30-meter) high resolution elevation data are only available for the United States. 3 arc-second (approximately 90-meter) medium resolution elevation data are available for global coverage. The 3 arc-second data were resampled using cubic convolution interpolation for regions between 60° north and 56° south latitude. [Summary provided by the USGS.]

ISEE-1 and ISEE-2 Mission

The ISEE program (International Sun Earth Explorer) was a joint mission between NASA and ESA, part of the IMS (International Magnetospheric Study). It was based on 3 spacecrafts and aiming at a better understanding of the Solar Wind-Earth Magnetosphere interaction. ISEE-1 built by NASA, and ISEE-2, built by ESA, were launched simultaneously on October 22, 1977 on the same Earth orbit with a close and controlled separation distance between the two spacecrafts, ranging from about 50 and 5000 km. This allowed for the first time to discriminate between space and time ambiguities induced by single spacecraft observations of thin and moving magnetospheric boundaries such as the bow shock, the magnetopause and the tail current sheet. The ISEE-3 spacecraft, built by NASA and launched on August 12, 1978 was placed at the L1 Lagrange Point, where it provided the characteristics of the Solar Wind, 235 Earth Radii upstream of the Earth, about one hour before it impacts the Earth Magnetosphere studied by the ISEE-1-2 pair. ISEE-1 (340 kg) et ISEE-2 ( 166 kg ), both spin stabilized, were inserted in a 763 km - 137500 km (22Re) orbit, with an inclination of -30,38B0 with respect to the equatorial plane and an orbital period of 57h. This allowed to their suite of complementary instruments, to frequently sample the various magnetospheric regions and boundaries plasmasphere, magnetopause, bow shock, magnetospheric tail, study their formation, characteristics, dynamic, and plasma mechanisms which operate and study the structure of the solar wind close to the Earth.

This mission was the first one to provide an estimation of the magnetopause width. ISEE-1 scientific payload comprised a suite of 13 instruments, down linking their data through 2 telemetry modes,

High at 16384 bit/s (about one orbit over 5)
low at 4096 bit/s

whereas ISEE-2 payload included 8 instruments with high and low downlink rates of 8192 and 2048 bit/s respectively. Initially designed for a 3 years lifetime, the ISEE-1&2 mission ended almost 10 years after its launch, when both spacecraft re-entered the atmosphere on September 26, 1987.

References : NASA Durney, A. C., and K. W. Ogilvie, Introduction to the ISEE mission, Space Sci. Rev., 22, 679, Sept. 1978 Ogilvie, K. W., T. von Rosenvinge and A. C. Durney, International Sun Earth Explorer-A three spacecraft program, Science, 198, No. 4313, 131-138, Oct. 1977 Ogilvie, K. W., T. von Rosenvinge and A. C. Durney, Descriptions of Experimental Investigations and Instruments for the ISEE Spacecraft, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electr. GE-16, 151

Welcome to the LandsatLook Viewer!The LandsatLook Viewer is a prototype tool that was developed to allow rapid online viewing and access to the USGS Landsat image archives. This viewer allows you to:Interactively explore the Landsat archive at up to full resolution directly from a common web browserSearch for specific Landsat images based on area of interest, acquisition date, or cloud coverCompare image features and view changes through timeDisplay configurable map information layers in combination with the Landsat imageryCreate a customized image display and export as a simple graphic fileView metadata and download the full-band source imagerySearch by address or place, or zoom to a point, bounding box, or Sentinel-2 Tile or Landsat WRS-1 or WRS-2 Path/RowGenerate and download a video animation of the oldest to newest images displayed in the viewerWe welcome feedback and input for future versions of this Viewer! Please provide your comments or suggestions .About the ImageryThis viewer provides visual and download access to the USGS LandsatLook "Natural Color" imageproduct archive.BackgroundThe Landsat satellites have been collecting multispectral images of Earth from space since 1972. Each image contains multiple bands of spectral information which may require significant user time, system resources, and technical expertise to obtain a visual result. As a result, the use and access to Landsat data has been historically limited to the scientific and technical user communities.The LandsatLook “Natural Color” image product option was created to provide Landsat imagery in a simple user-friendly and viewer-ready format, based on specific bands that have been selected and arranged to simulate natural color. This type of product allows easy visualization of the archived Landsat image without any need for specialized software or technical expertise.LandsatLook ViewerThe LandsatLook Viewer displays the LandsatLook Natural Color image product for all Landsat 1-8 images in the USGS archive and was designed primarily for visualization purposes.The imagery within this Viewer will be of value to anyone who wants to quickly see the full Landsat record for an area, along with major image features or obvious changes to Earth’s surface through time. An area of interest may be extracted and downloaded as a simple graphic file directly through the viewer, and the original full image tile is also available if needed. Any downloaded LandsatLook image product is a georeferenced file and will be compatible within most GIS and Web mapping applications.If the user needs to perform detailed technical analysis, the full bands of Landsat source data may also be accessed through direct links provided on the LandsatLook Viewer.Image ServicesThe imagery that is visible on this LandsatLook Viewer is based on Web-based ArcGIS image services. The underlying REST service endpoints for the LandsatLook imagery are available at https://landsatlook.usgs.gov/arcgis/rest/services/LandsatLook/ImageServer .Useful linksLandsat- Landsat Mission (USGS)- Landsat Science (NASA)LandsatLook- Product Description- USGS Fact Sheet- LandsatLook image services (REST)Landsat Products- Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS- Landsat 7 ETM+- Landsat 4-5 TM- Landsat 1-5 MSS- Landsat Band DesignationsLandsatLook images are full-resolution files derived from Landsat Level-1 data products. The images are compressed and stretched to create an image optimized for image selection and visual interpretation. It is recommended that these images not be used in image analysis.LandsatLook image files are included as options when downloading Landsat scenes from EarthExplorer, GloVis, or the LandsatLook Viewer (See Figure 1).Figure 1. LandsatLook and Level-1 product download optionsLandsatLook Natural Color ImageThe LandsatLook Natural Color image is a .jpg composite of three bands to show a “natural” looking (false color) image. Reflectance values were calculated from the calibrated scaled digital number (DN) image data. The reflectance values were scaled to a 1-255 range using a gamma stretch with a gamma=2.0. This stretch was designed to emphasize vegetation without clipping the extreme values.Landsat 8 OLI = Bands 6,5,4Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 4-5 TM = Bands 5,4,3Landsat 4-5 MSS = Bands 2,4,1Landsat 1-3 MSS = Bands 7,5,4LandsatLook Thermal ImageThe LandsatLook Thermal image is a one-band gray scale .jpg image that displays thermal properties of a Landsat scene. Image brightness temperature values were calculated from the calibrated scaled digital number (DN) image data. An image specific 2 percent clip and a linear stretch to 1-255 were applied to the brightness temperature values.Landsat 8 TIRS = Band 10Landsat 7 ETM+ = Band 61-high gainLandsat 4-5 TM = Band 6Landsat 1-5 MSS = not availableLandsatLook Quality ImageLandsatLook Quality images are 8-bit files generated from the Landsat Level-1 Quality band to provide a quick view of the quality of the pixels within the scene to determine if a particular scene would work best for the user's application. This file includes values representing bit-packed combinations of surface, atmosphere, and sensor conditions that can affect the overall usefulness of a given pixel. Color mapping assignments can be seen in the tables below. For each Landsat scene, LandsatLook Quality images can be downloaded individually in .jpg format, or as a GeoTIFF format file (_QB.TIF) within the LandsatLook Images with Geographic Reference file.Landsat Collection 1 LandsatLook 8-bit Quality Images DesignationsLandsat 8 OLI/TIRSLandsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 4-5 TMLandsat 1-5 MSSColorBitDescriptionBitDescriptionBitDescription 0Designated Fill0Designated Fill0Designated Fill 1Terrain Occlusion1Dropped Pixel1Dropped Pixel 2Radiometric Saturation 2Radiometric Saturation ​2Radiometric Saturation 3Cloud3Cloud3Cloud 4Cloud Shadow4Cloud Shadow 4Unused 5Snow/Ice 5Snow/Ice 5Unused 6Cirrus 6Unused6Unused 7Unused7Unused7UnusedUnusedTable 1. Landsat Collection 1 LandsatLook 8-bit Quality Images Designations LandsatLook Images with Geographic ReferenceThe LandsatLook Image with Geographic Reference is a .zip file bundle that contains the Natural Color, Thermal, and the 8-bit Quality images in georeferenced GeoTiff (.TIF) file format.Figure 2. LandsatLook Natural Color Image: Landsat 8 Path 45 Row 30 Acquired April 23, 2013Figure 3. LandsatLook Thermal Image: Landsat 8 Path 45 Row 30 Acquired April 23, 2013Figure 4. LandsatLook Quality Image: Landsat 8 Path 45 Row 30 Acquired April 23, 2013 with background color set to dark grey. Additional Information About LandsatLook ImagesMany geographic information systems and image processing software packages easily support .jpg images. To create these files, Landsat data is mapped to a 1-255 range, with the fill area set to zero (if a no-data value is set to zero, the compression algorithm may introduce zero-value artifacts into the data area causing very dark data values to be displayed as no-data).

The first generation of U.S. photo intelligence satellites collected more than 860,000 images of the Earth’s surface between 1960 and 1972. The classified military satellite systems code-named CORONA, ARGON, and LANYARD acquired photographic images from space and returned the film to Earth for processing and analysis.

The images were originally used for reconnaissance and to produce maps for U.S. intelligence agencies. In 1992, an Environmental Task Force evaluated the application of early satellite data for environmental studies. Since the CORONA, ARGON, and LANYARD data were no longer critical to national security and could be of historical value for global change research, the images were declassified by Executive Order 12951 in 1995.

The first successful CORONA mission was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in 1960. The satellite acquired photographs with a telescopic camera system and loaded the exposed film into recovery capsules. The capsules or buckets were de-orbited and retrieved by aircraft while the capsules parachuted to earth. The exposed film was developed and the images were analyzed for a range of military applications.

The intelligence community used Keyhole (KH) designators to describe system characteristics and accomplishments. The CORONA systems were designated KH-1, KH-2, KH-3, KH-4, KH-4A, and KH-4B. The ARGON systems used the designator KH-5 and the LANYARD systems used KH-6. Mission numbers were a means for indexing the imagery and associated collateral data.

A variety of camera systems were used with the satellites. Early systems (KH-1, KH-2, KH-3, and KH-6) carried a single panoramic camera or a single frame camera (KH-5). The later systems (KH-4, KH-4A, and KH-4B) carried two panoramic cameras with a separation angle of 30° with one camera looking forward and the other looking aft.

The original film and technical mission-related documents are maintained by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Duplicate film sources held in the USGS EROS Center archive are used to produce digital copies of the imagery.

Mathematical calculations based on camera operation and satellite path were used to approximate image coordinates. Since the accuracy of the coordinates varies according to the precision of information used for the derivation, users should inspect the preview image to verify that the area of interest is contained in the selected frame. Users should also note that the images have not been georeferenced.

This collections contains 2914 1992 1-meter black & white digital orthorectified images of multiple non-contiguous locations in Idaho. These data were acquired from May 12, 1992 to September 22, 1992, These data are sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey and commonly referred to as a DOQ (Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle).Some DOQs in this collection are made up of source images from just the most recent year. But, some DOQs in this collection were created from source images from more then one year. Regardless, every DOQ in this collection will be made up of at least one source image from the most recent year.Refer to the .hdr file associated with each DOQ for specific image dates. The .hdr file contains a list of all source image dates (SOURCE_IMAGE_DATE) for a DOQ. The source data for this service are available for download from USGS EarthExplorer.Individual image tiles can be downloaded using the Idaho Aerial Imagery Explorer.These data can be bulk downloaded from a web accessible folder.Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since these data were collected and that some parts of these data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use these data for critical applications without a full awareness of the limitations of these data as described in the lineage or elsewhere.

'The USGS Commercial Data Purchases (UCDP) imagery collection is an archive of commercial remote sensing imagery from several different commercial vendors. The UCDP imagery is located at the Earth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) Center. This collection of imagery supports the Commercial Remote Sensing Space Policy (CRSSP). The overall goal of the UCDP imagery collection is to provide data to qualified users, primarily federal agencies at no cost or at a nominal cost. Limitations on which users have access to use/purchase copies of the imagery are based on vendor licensing for individual images. Users are allowed to search all UCDP imagery in the archive, but are restricted to only ordering properly licensed images. Users have the option to purchase imagery license upgrades for imagery not currently licensed appropriately for their federal agency. The Commercial Remote Sensing Data Contracts (CRSDC), available through the USGS, handles the imagery license upgrades. The imagery license upgrades enable federal users to purchase and use a copy of the imagery at a nominal fee. Copies of the current imagery can be downloaded/purchased from EarthExplorer. Users can not specify processing parameters for the imagery. (e.g. if an IKONOS image was originally purchased from Space Imaging as a "Standard Ortho" product, UTM projection, WGS84 Datum, and GeoTiff format, those are the only parameters available for that image.) Current USGS Commercial Data Purchases (UCDP) imagery includes IKONOS imagery from Space Imaging, QuickBird Imagery from DigitalGlobe and OrbView imagery from ORBIMAGE.'

The Level 2C wind product of the Aeolus mission provides ECMWF analysis horizontal wind vectors at the geolocations of assimilated L2B HLOS wind components. The L2C can therefore be described as an Aeolus-assisted horizontal wind vector product. The L2C is a distinct product, however the L2C and L2B share a common Earth Explorer file template, with the L2C being a superset of the L2B. The L2C consists of extra datasets appended to the L2B product with information which are relevant to the data assimilation of the L2B winds.

UPDATE: Data no longer available from this page. All non-working links have been removed (19/7/21) Users must follow instructions below from NASA to access data: SRTM data are also available globally at 1 arc second resolution (SRTMGL1.003) through the Data Pool (https://e4ftl01.cr.usgs.gov/MEASURES/SRTMGL1.003/) or from EarthExplorer where it is listed as NASA SRTM3 SRTMGL1. Please sign in with NASA Earthdata Login Credentials to download data from the NASA LP DAAC Collections. These datasets require login on both NASA Earthdata and USGS EarthExplorer systems to access data. After you create your account, you will also need to “authorize” the LP DAAC Data Pool application. On the Profile page in your Earthdata account you will need to select My Applications. On that page make sure the LP DAAC Data Pool is listed. If it isn't then select Authorize More Applications. In the dialog box type in LP DAAC Data Pool and click Search For Applications. Select Approve when presented with the lpdaac_datapool. Keep everything checked but you can uncheck the Yes, I would like to be notified box. Select Authorize and the LP DAAC Data Pool should be added to your Approved Applications. You might benefit from using the AppEEARS tool. · o AppEEARS landing page: https://lpdaacsvc.cr.usgs.gov/appeears/ · o The users will need and https://urs.earthdata.nasa.gov/?_ga=2.148606453.334533939.1615325167-1213876668.1613754504. Click or tap if you trust this link.">Earthdata Login · o Getting started instructions can be found here: https://lpdaacsvc.cr.usgs.gov/appeears/help Previously available here: Digital Elevation Model of Ireland, from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), sampled at 3 arc second intervals in latitude & longitude (about every 90m) in heightmap (.HGT) format.''Latitudes & longitudes are referenced to WGS84, heights are in meters referenced to the WGS84/EGM96 geoid.'' Please see the linked pdf files for further documentation.''A QGIS project for the hgt files is also attached.

Landsat Burned AreaReturn to Landsat Science Products OverviewLeft: Landsat Surface Reflectance image (Landsat 7 bands 5,4,3) and Right: Derived Burned Area product for an area within Landsat CONUS ARD tile h006v010 acquired on July 7, 2003. Accurate and complete data on fire locations and burned areas (e.g. fire occurrence) are needed to quantify trends and patterns of fire occurrence, characterize drivers of fire occurrence, projections of future fire pattern behavior, and help with assessments of fire impacts on both natural and social systems.The Landsat Burned Area product is designed to identify burned areas across all ecosystems (e.g. forests, shrublands, and grasslands) for Landsat 4-8 data.The Landsat Burned Area product contains two acquisition-based raster data products that represent burn classification and burn probability. Landsat Burned Area is generated from U.S. Landsat Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Surface Reflectance and Top of Atmosphere Brightness Temperature data.The Landsat Burned Area product is processed to 30-meter spatial resolution in Albers Equal Area (AEA) projection using the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) datum and gridded to a common tiling scheme.Product AvailabilityThe Landsat Burned Area product is available for the conterminous U.S for the following date ranges:Landsat 8 OLI: April 2013 to presentLandsat 7 ETM+: July 1999 to December 2017Landsat 5 TM: March 1984 to May 2012Landsat 4 TM: March 1984 to December 1993Package ContentThe Burned Area product includes two acquisition-based raster data products that represent burn classification and burn probability. Additional product specifications can be found in the Landsat Burned Area Product Guide. The Burned Area package includes a metadata file in Extensible Markup Language (.xml) format.The list below describes the products and filenames that are delivered with the Landsat Burned Area package. Burn Probability (BP): Provides the maximum per-pixel BP; generated by comparing the current individual acquisition against composites created from seasonal average and the previous year of acquisition.Delivered file name: *_BP.tifApproximate file size: 8.3 MBBurned Classification (BC): Indicates if an area was burned by applying a threshold to the BP product.Delivered file name: *_BC.tifApproximate file size: 200 KBCaveats and ConstraintsOnly images with a RMSE less than 10 m and cloud cover less than 80 percent are processed to a Burned Area product.A Quality Assessment process is applied to the Burned Area products prior to public release, which includes visually assessing each scene-level Burned Area product for excessive commission errors caused by factors such as incorrect cloud masks or poor georeferencing. Therefore, while the majority of Landsat scenes were used to generate Burned Area products, certain scenes may not be able to be processed to produce a scientifically viable Burned Area product.Due to a bug in the Collection 1 Burned Area code, pixels in the top row (northern edge) and left column (western edge) of the Landsat ARD tile may be incorrectly classified as not-burned in the BC layer, while the BP layer indicates a burn probability greater than 71% and the burn region is larger than the threshold seed size. Users can still refer to the BP layer to obtain the correct burn probability. This issue will be fixed in the Collection 2 Burned Area product.Occasionally some burned areas are incorrectly classified as being water in the Burned Area product. This occurs if the input ARD Pixel QA (PIXELQA) band includes pixels that are flagged as “water, terrain, low-confidence cloud”.The product metadata file (.xml) lists the band information for both the burn classification and burn probability. The units for the pixel size is “m” and should be “meters” to be compliant with the schema.User CommunitiesLandsat Burned Area User CommunitiesCommunityPotential UseCarbon cycling research (e.g., Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Forest Carbon Tracking, USGS Carbon Sequestration)Tracking carbon from living and dead vegetation and coal/humus states into atmospheric statesWildland resource management agencies and groups (including US Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, BLM Alaska Fire Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Fish and Wildlife Service)Planning and management of fire occurrence on managed landsMonitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS)Locations of burned areas for additional severity analysisLANDFIREFire hazard evaluation, disturbance characterization, change trackingFire research (e.g., National Interagency Fire Center, Office of Wildland Fire)30 meter product of history and extent of fire locationsAgricultural, grasslands, and prairie research (including GEO Agriculture, US Forest Service, Agricultural Research Service, some Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTER) sites)Grasslands and prairie research, cropland and prairie burning extent, history, and useCommittee on Earth Observations from Space (CEOS) Land Product Validation Working Group for Burned Area Validation ProtocolsValidation and/or verification of alternative burned area productsClimate researchTracking of greenhouse gas generation, and fire activity as an indicator or symptom of changes in climateGlobal Observation of Forest Cover and Land Dynamics (GOFC-GOLD)Fire management, emissions estimation and smoke trace gas monitoring, the role of fire in the carbon budget, and burned area product validation of other systemsData AccessLandsat Burned Area products are available for download from EarthExplorer. The data are located under the Landsat category, Landsat Collection 1 Level-3 subcategory, and listed as Burned Area.Visit the Landsat Data Access webpage for information about bulk download options. DocumentationLandsat Burned Area Product GuideLandsat Burned Area Algorithm Description Document (ADD)Landsat Burned Area Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5066/F77W6BDJCitation InformationThere are no restrictions on the use of Landsat Level-3 Science Products. It is not a requirement of data use, but the following citations may be used in publication or presentation materials to acknowledge the USGS as a data source and to credit the original research.Landsat Level 3 Burned Area Science Product courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.Hawbaker, T.J., Vanderhoof, M.K., Schmidt, G.L., Beal, Y.-J., Picotte, J.J., Takacs, J.D., Falgout, J.T., Dwyer, J.L., 2020. The Landsat Burned Area algorithm and products for the United States. Remote Sensing of the Environment 244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111801Hawbaker, T.J., Vanderhoof, M.K., Beal, Y.-J., Takacs, J.D., Schmidt, G.L., Falgout, J.T., Williams, B., Brunner, N.M., Caldwell, M.K., Picotte, J.J., Howard, S.M., Stitt, S., Dwyer, J.L., 2017a. Landsat Burned Area Essential Climate Variable products for the conterminous United States (1984 -2015). U.S. Geological Survey Data Release. https://doi.org/10.5066/F73B5X76Hawbaker, T.J., Vanderhoof, M.K., Beal, Y.-J., Takacs, J.D., Schmidt, G.L., Falgout, J.T., Williams, B., Fairaux, N.M., Caldwell, M.K., Picotte, J.J., Howard, S.M., Stitt, S., Dwyer, J.L., 2017b. Mapping burned areas using dense time-series of Landsat data. Remote Sensing of Environment 198, 504–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.027 ReferencesHawbaker, T.J., Vanderhoof, M.K., Schmidt, G.L., Beal, Y.-J., Picotte, J.J., Takacs, J.D., Falgout, J.T., Dwyer, J.L., 2020. The Landsat Burned Area algorithm and products for the United States. Remote Sensing of the Environment 244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111801Hawbaker, T.J., Vanderhoof, M.K., Beal, Y.-J., Takacs, J.D., Schmidt, G.L., Falgout, J.T., Williams, B., Brunner, N.M., Caldwell, M.K., Picotte, J.J., Howard, S.M., Stitt, S., Dwyer, J.L., 2017a. Landsat Burned Area Essential Climate Variable products for the conterminous United States (1984 -2015). U.S. Geological Survey Data Release. https://doi.org/10.5066/F73B5X76Hawbaker, T.J., Vanderhoof, M.K., Beal, Y.-J., Takacs, J.D., Schmidt, G.L., Falgout, J.T., Williams, B., Fairaux, N.M., Caldwell, M.K., Picotte, J.J., Howard, S.M., Stitt, S., Dwyer, J.L., 2017b. Mapping burned areas using dense time-series of Landsat data. Remote Sensing of Environment 198, 504–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.027Vanderhoof, K.M., Brunner, N., Beal, G.Y.-J., Hawbaker, J.T., 2017. Evaluation of the U.S. Geological Survey Landsat Burned Area Essential Climate Variable across the Conterminous U.S. Using Commercial High-Resolution Imagery. Remote Sensing 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070743Vanderhoof, M.K., Fairaux, N., Beal, Y.-J.G., Hawbaker, T.J., 2017a. Validation of the USGS Landsat Burned Area Essential Climate Variable (BAECV) across the conterminous United States. Remote Sensing of Environment 198, 393–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.025Vanderhoof, M.K., Fairaux, N.M., Beal, Y.-J., Hawbaker, T.J., 2017b. Data Release for the Validation of the USGS Landsat Burned Area Essential Climate Variable (BAECV) across the conterminous U.S. U.S. Geological Survey Data Release. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7T151VX

This collections contains 1373 1997 | 1998 | 1999 1-meter black & white digital orthorectified images of multiple non-contiguous locations in Idaho. These data were acquired from July 8, 1997 to September 28, 1999, These data are sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey and commonly referred to as a DOQ (Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle).Some DOQs in this collection are made up of source images from just the most recent year. But, some DOQs in this collection were created from source images from more then one year. Regardless, every DOQ in this collection will be made up of at least one source image from the most recent year.Refer to the .hdr file associated with each DOQ for specific image dates. The .hdr file contains a list of all source image dates (SOURCE_IMAGE_DATE) for a DOQ. The source data for this service are available for download from USGS EarthExplorer.Individual image tiles can be downloaded using the Idaho Aerial Imagery Explorer.These data can be bulk downloaded from a web accessible folder.Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since these data were collected and that some parts of these data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use these data for critical applications without a full awareness of the limitations of these data as described in the lineage or elsewhere.

The RapidEye Level 3A Ortho Tile, both Visual (in natural colour) and Analytic (multispectral), full archive products are available as part of Planet imagery offer. The RapidEye Ortho Tile product (L3A) is radiometric, sensor and geometrically corrected (by using DEMs with a post spacing of between 30 and 90 metres) and aligned to a cartographic map projection. Ground Control Points (GCPs) are used in the creation of every image and the accuracy of the product will vary from region to region based on available GCPs. Product Components Image File – GeoTIFF file that contains image data and geolocation information Metadata File – XML format metadata file Unusable Data Mask (UDM) file – GeoTIFF format Bands 3-band natural color (blue, green, red) or 5-band multispectral image (blue, green, red, red edge, near-infrared) Ground Sampling Distance 6.5 m at nadir (average at reference altitude 475 km) Projection UTM WGS84 Accuracy Depends on the quality of the reference data used (GCPs and DEMs) The products are available as part of the Planet provision from RapidEye, Skysat and PlanetScope constellations. RapidEye collection has worldwide coverage: the Planet Explorer Catalogue can be accessed (Planet registration requested) to discover and check the data readiness. All details about the data provision, data access conditions and quota assignment procedure are described in the Terms of Applicability. As per ESA policy, very high-resolution imagery of conflict areas cannot be provided.