In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, Germany was split into four zones, each administered by France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union respectively. In 1949, the Soviet-controlled zone formed the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), while the rest became the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). In this time, Berlin was also split into four zones, and the three non-Soviet zones formed West Berlin, which was a part of West Germany (although the West's administrative capital was moved to Bonn). One population grows, while the other declines Between 1949 and 1961, an estimated 2.7 million people migrated from East to West Germany. East Germany had a communist government with a socialist economy and was a satellite state of the Soviet Union, whereas West Germany was a liberal democracy with a capitalist economy, and western autonomy increased over time. Because of this difference, West Germany was a much freer society with more economic opportunities. During the German partition, the population of the west grew, from 51 million in 1950 to 62.7 million in 1989, whereas the population of East Germany declined from 18.4 million to just 16.4 million during this time. Little change after reunification In 1989, after four decades of separation, the process of German reunification began. The legal and physical barriers that had split the country were removed, and Germans could freely travel within the entire country. Despite this development, population growth patterns did not change. The population of the 'new states' (East Germany) continued to decline, whereas the population of the west grew, particularly in the 1990s, the first decade after reunification. The reasons for this continued imbalance between German population in the east and west, is mostly due to a low birth rate and internal migration within Germany. Despite the fact that levels of income and unemployment in the new states have gotten closer to those reported for the west (a major obstacle after reunification), life and opportunities in the west continue to attract young Germans from rural areas in the east with detrimental effect on the economy and demography of the new states.

Germany Population: East data was reported at 16,147.618 Person th in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16,163.795 Person th for 2020. Germany Population: East data is updated yearly, averaging 16,722.586 Person th from Dec 1950 (Median) to 2021, with 72 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,388.172 Person th in 1950 and a record low of 15,119.530 Person th in 2000. Germany Population: East data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.G001: Population.

In 1800, the region of Germany was not a single, unified nation, but a collection of decentralized, independent states, bound together as part of the Holy Roman Empire. This empire was dissolved, however, in 1806, during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras in Europe, and the German Confederation was established in 1815. Napoleonic reforms led to the abolition of serfdom, extension of voting rights to property-owners, and an overall increase in living standards. The population grew throughout the remainder of the century, as improvements in sanitation and medicine (namely, mandatory vaccination policies) saw child mortality rates fall in later decades. As Germany industrialized and the economy grew, so too did the argument for nationhood; calls for pan-Germanism (the unification of all German-speaking lands) grew more popular among the lower classes in the mid-1800s, especially following the revolutions of 1948-49. In contrast, industrialization and poor harvests also saw high unemployment in rural regions, which led to waves of mass migration, particularly to the U.S.. In 1886, the Austro-Prussian War united northern Germany under a new Confederation, while the remaining German states (excluding Austria and Switzerland) joined following the Franco-Prussian War in 1871; this established the German Empire, under the Prussian leadership of Emperor Wilhelm I and Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. 1871 to 1945 - Unification to the Second World War The first decades of unification saw Germany rise to become one of Europe's strongest and most advanced nations, and challenge other world powers on an international scale, establishing colonies in Africa and the Pacific. These endeavors were cut short, however, when the Austro-Hungarian heir apparent was assassinated in Sarajevo; Germany promised a "blank check" of support for Austria's retaliation, who subsequently declared war on Serbia and set the First World War in motion. Viewed as the strongest of the Central Powers, Germany mobilized over 11 million men throughout the war, and its army fought in all theaters. As the war progressed, both the military and civilian populations grew increasingly weakened due to malnutrition, as Germany's resources became stretched. By the war's end in 1918, Germany suffered over 2 million civilian and military deaths due to conflict, and several hundred thousand more during the accompanying influenza pandemic. Mass displacement and the restructuring of Europe's borders through the Treaty of Versailles saw the population drop by several million more.

Reparations and economic mismanagement also financially crippled Germany and led to bitter indignation among many Germans in the interwar period; something that was exploited by Adolf Hitler on his rise to power. Reckless printing of money caused hyperinflation in 1923, when the currency became so worthless that basic items were priced at trillions of Marks; the introduction of the Rentenmark then stabilized the economy before the Great Depression of 1929 sent it back into dramatic decline. When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi government disregarded the Treaty of Versailles' restrictions and Germany rose once more to become an emerging superpower. Hitler's desire for territorial expansion into eastern Europe and the creation of an ethnically-homogenous German empire then led to the invasion of Poland in 1939, which is considered the beginning of the Second World War in Europe. Again, almost every aspect of German life contributed to the war effort, and more than 13 million men were mobilized. After six years of war, and over seven million German deaths, the Axis powers were defeated and Germany was divided into four zones administered by France, the Soviet Union, the UK, and the U.S.. Mass displacement, shifting borders, and the relocation of peoples based on ethnicity also greatly affected the population during this time. 1945 to 2020 - Partition and Reunification In the late 1940s, cold war tensions led to two distinct states emerging in Germany; the Soviet-controlled east became the communist German Democratic Republic (DDR), and the three western zones merged to form the democratic Federal Republic of Germany. Additionally, Berlin was split in a similar fashion, although its location deep inside DDR territory created series of problems and opportunities for the those on either side. Life quickly changed depending on which side of the border one lived. Within a decade, rapid economic recovery saw West Germany become western Europe's strongest economy and a key international player. In the east, living standards were much lower, although unemployment was almost non-existent; internationally, East Germany was the strongest economy in the Eastern Bloc (after the USSR), though it eventually fell behind the West by the 1970s. The restriction of movement between the two states also led to labor shortages in t...

Following the Second World War, Germany was split into four territories, administered by France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. In 1949, the zones occupied by Britain, France and the US formed the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), and the USSR zone became the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). The capital city of Berlin, which was located in East Germany, was also split into two parts, with West Berlin remaining in the Federal Republic of Germany and East Berlin belonging to the Soviet satellite state of the German Democratic Republic. Between 1949 and 1961, over 2.5 million people (mostly skilled laborers) emigrated from East to West Germany in search of economic opportunities and higher standard of living. Increasing restrictions In reaction to this imbalanced migration, the communist East German government increased restrictions on movement to the West, and, despite initial requests being denied by Nikita Khrushchev in 1953, the Soviet leader eventually approved the building of a physical barrier in 1961. Initially, a wire fence was used to separate the East from the West, and this was later reinforced with concrete walls, bunkers, guard towers and landmines, most notably in the case of the Berlin Wall, which became the symbol of German division during the Cold War. From the early 1960s until the late 1980s, migration from East to West Germany dropped significantly. In the 1970s, there was no year where more than 20,000 people moved from the East to West, which is a significant drop from the 1950s, where as many as 331,000 people migrated in 1953 alone. The fall of the iron curtain As the Soviet Union's power weaned in the 1980s, and their influence in Eastern Europe diminished, communism in the Eastern block and Soviet satellite states began to collapse at the end of the decade. On November 9, 1989, when an East German politician mistakenly claimed that restrictions on travel visas would be lifted with immediate effect, thousands of people in Berlin gathered at the checkpoints along the Berlin Wall demanding to be allowed through. As tensions rose, the commanding officers eventually gave in to public demands and opened the barriers, allowing the people to move freely again between both German states. In the days that followed, Germans from both sides of the barrier began to tear down and create holes in the Berlin Wall, in a symbolic act that would represent unity and the end of German division.

This dataset contains different people from Germany and different variables with specific values. The concise features allow for an interesting analysis. I collected this data when I studied in Germany two semesters political science. It was interesting for me to see the differences between income or living space to respect to the former division.

D_Nr - ID number Gender - 1 female/ 0 male Height in meters BMI - Body mass Index Grade - Highschool final grade Age - Age Federal State - The federal state the person lives Income - Monthly income after taxes in € Former GDR or FRG - Federal state was former: GDR/East: 1 or FRG/West: 0 Living space - Living space in sqm

Timeseries of structure and development of the former German Democratic Republic’s population.

The aim of this data-collection is to inform about the population’s structure and development in the former GDR, including East-Berlin, from 1946 to 1989.

Basis of the compilation is the published statistical population overview of the German Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt (hrsg.): Sonderreihe mit Beiträgen für das Gebiet der ehemaligen DDR. Heft 3: Bevölkerungsstatistische Übersichten 1946 bis 1989. Wiesbaden, 1993), completed by census data and scientific publications.

The survey contains details on population and populationstructure (population-size, -growth, density, agegroups, etc.), on natural population movement (birth, decease, marriages, divorces), on spatial population movement (internal migration, migration beyond the borders of the former GDR), and on households.

The datacompilation covers the following topics:

A) population B) natural population movement C) households D) migration

Topics:

Data-Tables in the download-system HISTAT (Thema: Bevölkerung)

A. Bevölkerungsstand:

A01 Bevölkerungsstand und Bevölkerungsentwicklung (1939-1989) A02 Bevölkerung nach Altersgruppen 1946-1989 A03 Männliche Bevölkerung nach Altersgruppen 1946-1989 A04 Weibliche Bevölkerung nach Altersgruppen 1946-1989 A05. Bevölkerungsgröße, Bevölkerungswachstum, Bevölkerungsdichte und Sexualproportion 1950- 1992 A06. Bevölkerung insgesamt, männlich und weiblich nach Ländern 1950-1998 A07. Fläche, Bevölkerung am Ort der Hauptwohnung und Bevölkerungsdichte für 1950, 1964, 1971, 1981 A08. Bevölkerung am Ort der Hauptwohnung nach Altersgruppen und Geschlecht 1950-1981 A09. Bevölkerung am Ort der Hauptwohnung nach Altersgruppen und Geschlecht 1950-1981 A10. Bevölkerung ab 18 Jahre am Ort der Hauptwohnung nach Familienstand und Geschlecht 1950-1981 A11. Fläche und Bevölkerung nach Bezirken 1950-1989 A12. Bevölkerung nach Altersgruppen und Geschlecht für die neuen Länder und Berlin Ost 1950-1990 A13 Bevölkerung nach Gemeindegrößenklassen (in 1000) 1950-1989

B. Natürliche Bevölkerungsbewegung

B01 Natürliche Bevölkerungsbewegung 1946-1995 B02a Eheschließungen, durschnittliches Heiratsalter, Ehescheidungen 1946-1989 B02b Eheschließungen nach Familienstand der Partner vor Eheschließung 1946-1989 B03 Eheschließende, Ersteheschließende und Wiederverheiratete (insgesamt) 1946-1989 B04 Eheschließende nach Ersteheschließenden und Wiederverheirateten (je 100 Eheschließende) 1946-1989 B05 Eheschließende nach Familienstand vor der Eheschließung (insgesamt) 1946-1989 B06 Eheschließende nach Familienstand vor der Eheschließung (je 100 Eheschließende) 1946-1989 B07 Zusammengefasste Geburtenziffer nach Altersgruppen 1952-1989 B08 Das Reproduktionsniveau der Bevölkerung 1946-1989 B09 Durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung Neugeborener in Jahren 1946-1989 B10a Geborene, Lebendgeborene und Totgeborene nach Legitimität 1952-1989 B10b Lebend- und Totgeborene nach Geschlecht 1950-1989 B11 Zusammengefaßte Geburtenziffer nach Gemeindegrößenklassen (1965-1989) B12 Altersgruppenspezifische Sterbeziffern nach Geschlecht ( standardisiert) 1964-1989 B13a Gestorbene insgesamt und gestorbene Säuglinge nach Geschlecht (1946-1989) B13b Gestorbene nach ausgewählten Todesursachen und nach Geschlecht 1947-1989 B13c Gestorbene nach ausgewählten Krankheiten als Todesursachen und nach Geschlecht 1947-1989 B14 Gestorbene infolge Suizid- DDR 1947-1989 B15 Gestorbene infolge Suizid- BRD B16 Gestorbene infolge Mord und Totschlag- DDR 1949-1989 B17 Gestorbene infolge Mord und Totschlag- BRD / Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1961-1989) B18 Die Entwicklung der Fruchtbarkeitsziffern in den beiden Teilen Deutschlands (1946/50-1995)

C. Haushalte

C01 Privathaushalte nach Haushaltsgröße 1950-1981 C02 Personen in Privathaushalten und Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen 1950-1981 C03 Mehrpersonenhaushalte nach im Haushalt lebenden Kindern unter 17 Jahren 1950-1981 C04 Privathaushalte nach Haushaltsgroesse und nach Altersgruppen des Haushaltsvorstandes 1950 bis 1981 C05 Privathaushalte nach Haushaltsgroesse und nach Altersgruppen des maennlichen Haushaltsvorstandes 1950 bis 1981

D. Wanderung

D01 Wanderung über die Grenzen der DDR 1951-1989 D02 Wanderung über die Grenzen der DDR nach Altersgruppen 1965-1989 D03 Binnenwanderungsgewinn bzw.- verlust (-) nach Gemeindegrößenklassen 1970-1989 D04 Saldo aus zu- und Fortzügen (-) über die Grenzen der ehemaligen DDR nach Gemeindegrößekl...

The Politbarometer has been conducted since 1977 on an almost monthly basis by the Forschungsgruppe Wahlen on behalf of the Second German Television (ZDF). Since 1990, this database has also been available for the new German states. The survey focuses on the opinions and attitudes of the voting-age population in the Federal Republic on current political issues, parties, politicians, and voting behavior. From 1990 to 1995 and from 1999 onward, the Politbarometer surveys were conducted separately both in the newly formed eastern and in the western German states (Politbarometer East and Politbarometer West). The separate monthly surveys of a year are integrated into a cumulative data set that includes all surveys of a year and all variables of the respective year. Starting in 2003, the Politbarometer short surveys, collected with varying frequency throughout the year, are integrated into the annual cumulation.
Most important problems in Germany; party preference (Federal Parliament election, state parliament election, Sunday question and rank order procedure); behavior at the polls in the last Federal Parliament election and the last state parliament election; sympathy scale for the parties, coalition, opposition, state government and selected federal politicians; self-classification on a left-right continuum; personal job security; ability of the government or opposition in solving economic problems in Eastern Germany; judgement on individual as well as current economic situation in Eastern Germany and its further development; union membership; religiousness; party inclination and party identification; living together with a partner. Also encoded was: day of survey. Beyond this common part for all survey months of the year 1993 the following questions were also posed in at least one further survey month: assessment of disagreement of the federal parties; most important politicians in the country; preference for federal chancellor; satisfaction with democracy; the right people in leading positions; interest in politics; general judgement on the condition of society as well as comparison with other western societies; judgement on introduction of political order according to western pattern; general judgement on unification of Germany and personal expectations fulfilled in unification; general judgement on economic development in Germany; desire for separation of the two German nations; satisfaction with achievement of equivalent living conditions in east and west; adequate activities of the Federal Government for such an equalization; adequate effort of the West German economy and East German population to develop Eastern Germany; too much complaining in public opinion; judgement on the job of the trust-company; ability of the government or opposition regarding stability of monetary value, national debt and securing of prosperity; perceived threat from crime; necessity of tax increases to finance German unity; attitude to reintroduction of the solidarity tax and preferred point in time for this; attitude to reduction in social services and to a job market tax for civil servants, self-employed and higher earners; preferred savings recommendations for social services; judgement on the reductions introduced by the Federal Government in the social area; assumed extent of abuse of social services; expected result of the government program to combat abuse; attitude to the sale of government assets to avoid tax increases; judgement on disputes in important questions; advantageousness of EC membership for the German population; judgement on the speed of European unification and preference for strengthening bonds between current EC countries or for admission of new countries; preference for independence of Germany or stronger merger into a European nation; advantageousness of the European domestic market and attitude to a European currency; personal voting behavior in case of a vote on the resolutions of Maastricht; preferred countries for new acceptance into the EC; too many foreigners in Germany; general judgement on German right to asylum; assumed abuse of the right to asylum; necessity of an ammendment to the constitution to reduce abuse of the right to asylum; ability to cope with current influx of applicants for political asylum; party most able to solve the problem of applicants for asylum; attitude to immediate deportation of applicants for political asylum from countries in which there is no political persecution; expected changes through change to the right to asylum; proximity to accomodations for applicants for political asylum; problems experienced with applicants for political asylum; attitude to increased or reduced admission of applicants for political asylum; understanding for the violent demonstrations against applicants for political asylum; being ashamed of this violence; necessity of stricter laws to combat right-wing extremism; dedicated supporters or protest voters in the elections; increase...

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones. The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

This survey covers East and West Germany.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The WVS for Germany covers East and West Germany national population, aged 18 years and over, for both sexes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

East Germany Sampling Procedure:

The sample was designed to be representative of the entire adult population, i.e. 18 years and older, of your country. The lower age cut-off for the sample was 18 and there was not any upper age cut-off for the sample. Population: Total non-institutionalized population of East-Germany, 18 years and older. Four-stage area probability sample: (1) East Germany is divided into strata. For each stratum the desired number of respondents is defined proportionally to population size. (2) Within each stratum the primary sampling units (communities) are selected at random, proportionally to size. (3) Within each primary sampling unit secondary sampling units (mail-code-areas) are randomly selected. The total number of secondary sampling units was 101. (4) Within each secondary sampling unit households as third sampling units are selected at random from the Telekom phoneregister on CD-ROM (D-Info 3.0). (5) Within each household respondent are randomly selected by phone using the (last) birthday method (fourth sampling unit). Selection is done: 46% Male and 54% Female. 86% Urban and 14% Rural. The sample size is N=1009.

Remarks about sampling: - Final numbers of clusters or sampling points: 101 - Sample unit from office sampling: Household

West Germany Sampling Procedure:

The sample was designed to be representative of the entire adult population, i.e. 18 years and older, of your country. The lower age cut-off for the sample was 18 and there was not an upper age cut-off for the sample. Population: Total non-institutionalized population of Germany, 18 years and older. Four stage area probability sample: (1) West Germany is divided into strata. For each stratum the desired number of respondents is defined proportionally to population size. (2) Within each stratum the primary sampling units (communities) are selected at random, proportional to size. (3) Within each primary sampling unit secondary sampling units (mail-code-areas) are randomly selected. The total number of secondary sampling units was 99. (4) Within each secondary sampling unit households as third sampling units are selected at random from the Telekom phone-register on CDROM (D-Info 3.0). (5) Within each household respondents are randomly selected by phone using the (last) birthday method (fourth sampling unit). Selection is done: 46% Male and 54% Female. 91% Urban and 9% Rural. The sample size is N=1017.

Remarks about sampling: - Final numbers of clusters or sampling points: 99 - Sample unit from office sampling: Household

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

East Germany Questionnaire: The WVS questionnaire was in German. Some special variable labels have been included such as: V56 Neighbours: Muslims and V149 Institution: The European Union. Special categories labels are: V167 Least liked groups: 1. Turks; V179: Other Christian Community; V203/ V204: Geographical affinity, 1. Locality or town where you live, 2. Region of country where you live, 3. Own country as a whole, 4. Europe, 5. The world as whole. Country Specific variables included are: V209: Language at home: 2. English, 3. Dutch, 4. Polish, 5. Russian, 6. Turkish and 7. Other. The variables political parties V210 a V212; Ethic group: V 233 and Region: V 234 are also included as country specific variables. The V 206 Born is also different in East Germany.

West Germany Questionnaire: The WVS questionnaire was in German. Some special variable labels have been included such as: V56 Neighbours: Muslims and V149 Institution: The European Union. Special categories labels are: V167 Least liked groups: Turks and V203/ V204: Geographical affinity, 1. Locality or town where you live, 2. Region of country where you live, 3. Own country as a whole, 4. Europe, 5. The world as whole. Country Specific variables included are: V209: Language at home: 2. English, 3. Dutch, 4. Polish, 5. Russian, 6. Turkish, 7. Other. The variables political parties V210 a V212; Ethic group: V 233 and Region: V 234 are also included as country specific variables. The V 206 Born in this country is also different in West Germany.

Response rate

East Germany: The response rate for East Germany is 51% and is caluculated as follows: (1009/1977) x 100=51%

West Germany: The response rate for West Germany is 50.2% and is calculated as follows: (1017/2025) x 100= 50.2 %

Sampling error estimates

East Germany sampling error: +/- 3,1%

West Germany sampling error: +/-3,1%

1941 marked an escalation of the Second World War in Europe. By the middle of the year, Germany and its European allies had already consolidated power across most of the continent, with only the United Kingdom and Soviet Union not under Axis control or on neutral terms with Germany. As population sizes were fundamental to the war effort, both in terms of military manpower and the workforce of the home front, the annexation of other countries proved vital in supplying new volunteers, conscripts, and forced laborers for the Axis war effort. Together, Germany and Austria had a similar population to the rest of Europe's Axis powers combined, with all giving a total population of 154 million. However, the total population of the Axis-occupied territories in Europe was comparable to the Axis home fronts themselves, at almost 130 million people

Germans in the East Eastern Europe had a sizeable population of ethnic Germans who often worked with the Axis powers, and the German Army recruited upwards of a million volunteers from occupied countries. The Soviet Union in particular had a number of Russia German enclaves across the region, that reached as far as the Volga river and Kazakhstan and numbered at several million people. In Russia, these communities had existed for centuries, but they were ostracized or mistrusted by Soviet leadership and the deaths of these communities under Stalin's regime is often considered genocide. In addition to ethnic Germans, collaborators also included large numbers of Eastern Europeans who sympathized with Nazi ideology, or were hostile to Soviet or communist expansion; this also included ethnic minorities, such as Muslims from the Balkans or USSR.

Collaborators in the West The perceived threat of communism in the west saw men volunteer from countries such as France, the Netherlands, or Norway, to fight in the Axis armies. The fluctuating borders of the interwar period also meant that there were many German communities across the borders of neighboring countries, whose men also enlisted in the Wehrmacht. Within these occupied countries, conspirators with local knowledge were used to track down Jews and political adversaries, and many collaborated in order to elevate their positions in the government or enterprises. Apart from Austria, however, the majority of the public in annexed territories were unsupportive or hostile to their occupiers, and after the war, many of the surviving collaborators were tried (and often executed) for their actions.

The adult residential population 18 years old and older.

Analysis unit

Persons, households, and dwellings East Germany

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: yes - Vacant Units: Yes - Households: yes - Individuals: yes - Group quarters: yes

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: Living quarters which could be in residential buildings and non-residential buildings - Households: A household is a group of persons who live and keep house together. A person living alone forms a household. Subtenants are treated as separate households. - Group quarters: Institutions were collective dwelling for the accommodation and care of citizens who for reasons of working, training or studying, or for educational, health, social or other reasons needed to be accommodated collectively.

Universe

Total population entitled to reside in households

Kind of data

Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: Central State Office for Statistics

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 4110749.

SAMPLE DESIGN: 25% sample of households drawn based on anonymization methodology by the Federal Statistical Office.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

There are 4 forms: (1) household questionnaire containing questions for all persons in the household; (2) dwelling questionnaire containing questions for all dwellings; (3) building questionnaire containing questions for all residential buildings; and (4) institution questionnaire.

Analysis unit

Persons, households, and dwellings East Germany

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: yes - Vacant Units: no - Households: yes - Individuals: yes - Group quarters: yes

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: A dwelling is defined as a group of connected rooms, which are built as living quarters, have a separate entrance directly from a stair well or directly from the outside, and have a kitchen or a kitchenette. - Households: A household is a group of persons who live and keep house together. A person living alone forms a household. Persons occupying several dwellings are assigned to one household in each dwelling. - Group quarters: Collective dwellings, for the purpose of the census, are hostels, establishments for the care of children and youth, for health services, or for social welfare to provide care and accommodations to persons who lived there for reasons of working, occupational training, studying or for special education and treatment.

Universe

Persons who live permanently in the GDR, excluding members of foreign embassies and consular offices, and military and civil members of the Soviet Union military and their families

Kind of data

Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: Central State Office for Statistics

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 4278563.

SAMPLE DESIGN: 25% sample of households drawn by the Federal Statistical Office. Sample method unknown

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

There are 3 forms: (1) household list; (2) person list which contains information on all persons living in the household; and (3) housing list which contains information on the rooms of residence

人口：东在12-01-2021达16,147.618千人，相较于12-01-2020的16,163.795千人有所下降。人口：东数据按年更新，12-01-1950至12-01-2021期间平均值为16,722.586千人，共72份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于12-01-1950，达18,388.172千人，而历史最低值则出现于12-01-2000，为15,119.530千人。CEIC提供的人口：东数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Statistisches Bundesamt，数据归类于Global Database的德国 – Table DE.G001: Population。

How do people living in contemporary Germany react to diversification in their every- day life? What undergirds pro-diversity perspectives among those who live in rapidly diversifying cities? Conversely, what are their limits, and what groups are excluded? The Diversity Assent (DivA) project was designed to understand the foundations and mechanisms underlying the acceptance of socio-demographic heterogeneity on multiple dimensions in cities located both in West and East Germany. Two core motivations underlie the project. So far, we insufficiently understand what motivates those who oppose right- wing positions – usually a majority among inhabitants of cities in Germany and other Western European countries. Second, this project builds on a previous large-scale project of the Socio-Cultural Diversity department at MPI-MMG, “Diversity and Contact”. In particular, it explores to what extent attitudes and patterns of interaction have changed, or remained constant, in the decade from 2010 to 2020, which was a time of major ruptures and political polarization. We designed a large telephone survey of 2,917 respondents asking a set of interrelated questions on dispositions towards diversity, everyday experiences and diversification dynamics. This includes a set of survey experiments designed to tap and measure social norms of tolerance.

This statistic shows the degree of urbanization in Germany from 2013 to 2023. Urbanization means the share of urban population in the total population of a country. In 2023, 77.77 percent of Germany's total population lived in urban areas and cities. Urbanization in Germany Currently, about three quarter of the German population live in urban areas and cities, which is more than in most nations around the world. Urbanization, as it can be seen in this graph, refers to the number of people living in an urban area and has nothing to do with the actual geographical size or footprint of an area or country. A country which is significantly bigger than Germany could have a similar degree of urbanization, just because not all areas in the country are inhabitable, for example. One example for this is Russia, where urbanization has reached comparable figures to Germany, even though its geographical size is significantly bigger. However, Germany’s level of urbanization does not make the list of the top 30 most urbanized nations in the world, where urbanization rates are higher than 83 percent. Also, while 25 percent of the population in Germany still lives in rural areas, rural livelihoods are not dependent on agriculture, as only 0.75 percent of GDP came from the agricultural sector in 2014. So while Germany's urbanization rate is growing, a significant percentage of the population is still living in rural areas. Furthermore, Germany has a number of shrinking cities which are located to the east and in older industrial regions around the country. Considering that population growth in Germany is on the decline, because of low fertility rates, and that a number of cities are shrinking, the urban population is likely shifting to bigger cities which have more economic opportunities than smaller ones.

Objective: To assess the extent of early mortality and its temporal course after prostatectomy and radiotherapy in the general population.Methods: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and East German epidemiologic cancer registries were used for the years 2005–2013. Metastasized cases were excluded. Analyzing overall mortality, year-specific Cox regression models were used after adjusting for age (including age squared), risk stage, and grading. To estimate temporal hazards, we computed year-specific conditional hazards for surgery and radiotherapy after propensity-score matching and applied piecewise proportional hazard models.Results: In German and US populations, we observed higher initial 3-month mortality odds for prostatectomy (USA: 9.4, 95% CI: 7.8–11.2; Germany: 9.1, 95% CI: 5.1–16.2) approaching the null effect value not before 24-months (estimated annual mean 36-months in US data) after diagnosis. During the observational period, we observed a constant hazard ratio for the 24-month mortality in the US population (2005: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.5–1.9; 2013: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.6–2.2) comparing surgery and radiotherapy. The same was true in the German cohort (2005: 1.4, 95% CI: 0.9–2.1; 2013: 3.3, 95% CI: 2.2–5.1). Considering low-risk cases, the adverse surgery effect appeared stronger.Conclusion: There is strong evidence from two independent populations of a considerably higher early to midterm mortality after prostatectomy compared to radiotherapy extending the time of early mortality considered by previous studies up to 36-months.

Die Studie über die Lebensverhältnisse in Ost und West wurde von der Forschungsgruppe Wahlen Telefonfeld im Auftrag des Presse- und Informationsamts der Bundesregierung durchgeführt. Im Erhebungszeitraum 05.07.2023 bis 25.07.2022 wurden Wahlberechtigte in Deutschland ab 18 Jahren in telefonischen Interviews (CATI) zu folgenden Themen befragt: Lebensverhältnisse im Osten und im Westen Deutschlands sowie zum Verhältnis der jeweiligen Bevölkerungsteile zur Politik und zum Vertrauen in Institutionen. Dabei wird untersucht, wie sich das Identitätsgefühl in Ost und West unterscheidet und wie stark sich Ost- und Westdeutsche mit ihren Interessen und Erfahrungen in Politik und Gesellschaft vertreten fühlen. Außerdem geht es um die Bewertung der Lebensverhältnisse, insbesondere in den Bereichen Infrastruktur, Mobilität, gesundheitliche Versorgung, gesellschaftliche Teilhabe sowie Leben in der Stadt und auf dem Land. Die Auswahl der Befragten erfolgte durch eine mehrstufige Zufallsstichprobe nach dem RDD-Verfahren unter Einschluss von Festnetz- und Mobilfunknummern (Dual-Frame Stichprobe). Überwiegen von Unterschieden oder Gemeinsamkeiten in Bezug auf den Osten und den Westen Deutschlands sowie den Norden und den Süden Deutschlands; Demokratiezufriedenheit; Demokratie als beste Staatsform; Meinung zur sozialen Gerechtigkeit in Deutschland; Institutionenvertrauen (Gerichte, Wissenschaft und Forschung, Kirchen, Polizei, Bundesregierung, Politiker, Parteien und Medien); Politikinteresse; Stärke der Konflikte zwischen verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Gruppen (Arm und Reich, Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern, Jungen und Alten, Ausländern und Deutschen, Ostdeutschen und Westdeutschen, Frauen und Männern); Stärke der Konflikte zwischen Befürwortern von Corona-Impfungen und Impfgegnern sowie zwischen linken politischen Kräften und rechten politischen Kräften; Bewertung der Lage in verschiedenen Bereichen in der eigenen Region (Straßenzustand, Versorgung mit öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln, mit schnellem Internet und mit Ärzten, Einkaufsmöglichkeiten für den täglichen Bedarf, Löhne und Gehälter, Kinderbetreuungsmöglichkeiten in Hort und Kita, Kultur- und Freizeitmöglichkeiten, Arbeitsplatzangebot, wirtschaftliche Lage der Menschen insgesamt in der Region); Lebenszufriedenheit; Zukunftsoptimismus; Beurteilung der eigenen wirtschaftlichen Lage; Ostdeutschen geht es inzwischen besser oder schlechter als den Westdeutschen; politische Verhältnisse heute besser oder schlechter als in der Bundesrepublik vor der Wiedervereinigung (Westdeutsche ab 45 Jahren); politische Verhältnisse heute besser oder schlechter als in der DDR vor der Wiedervereinigung (Ostdeutsche ab 45 Jahren); Bewertung der sozialen Sicherheit und der eigenen wirtschaftlichen Lage im Vergleich zu damals (Befragte ab 45 Jahren); Identität als Deutsche(r), Westdeutsche(r) oder als Ostdeutsche(r); Bewertung des Verhältnisses von Ostdeutschen und Westdeutschen; Verhältnis von Ostdeutschen und Westdeutschen in den letzten Jahren eher besser oder eher schlechter geworden; größte Ungerechtigkeiten sowohl für Ostdeutschland als für Westdeutschland; Zustimmung zu verschiedenen Aussagen (Die Ostdeutschen sind nach wie vor Bürger zweiter Klasse, die Ostdeutschen erkennen nicht an, welch hohen Beitrag die Westdeutschen für den Aufbau Ost geleistet haben, die Westdeutschen interessieren sich nicht für die Probleme in Ostdeutschland); Gefühl der persönlichen Interessenvertretung in der Politik, in den Medien sowie durch verschiedene Interessengruppen; persönliches Gerechtigkeitsempfinden; Einstellung zu politischen Einflussmöglichkeiten (Politiker und Politikerinnen können versprechen, was sie wollen, ich glaube ihnen nicht, für mich gibt es wichtigere Dinge zu tun, als mich um Politik zu kümmern, Leute wie ich haben sowieso keinen Einfluss auf die Politik unseres Landes, den Politikern und Politikerinnen ist das Wohl unseres Landes wichtig); Verhalten von Politikern: Politiker sollten bei ihrer einmal vertretenen Meinung bleiben oder ihre Meinung bei neuen Erkenntnissen und Situationen auch mal anpassen; Politiker sollten sich immer an der Meinung der Bevölkerungsmehrheit orientieren oder an ihrem Gewissen; Meinung zu Treffen von Politikern mit Wirtschaftsvertretern (eher gut, weil die Wirtschaftsvertreter die Politiker beraten können oder eher schlecht, weil sie so zu große Einflussmöglichkeiten haben); Parteipräferenz. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Bildung: Schulabschluss bzw. angestrebter Schulabschluss; Hochschulabschluss; Berufstätigkeit; Sicherheit des Arbeitsplatzes; berufliche Stellung; einfache, gehobene oder leitende Tätigkeit (Angestellte); Tätigkeit im einfachen, mittleren, gehobenen oder höheren Dienst; Haushaltsgröße; Anzahl Personen im Haushalt ab 18 Jahren. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Bundesland; Wohnbezirk Berlin früher West/Ost-Berlin); Ortsgröße; Sample-Frame (erreicht über Mobilfunk oder Festnetz); Gewichtungsfaktoren. The study on living conditions in East and West Germany was conducted by the Forschungsgruppe Wahlen Telefonfeld on behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government. During the survey period 05.07.2023 to 25.07.2022, eligible voters in Germany aged 18 and over were asked in telephone interviews (CATI) about the following topics: living conditions in East and West Germany as well as the relationship of the respective sections of the population to politics and trust in institutions. The survey examines how the sense of identity differs in East and West and how strongly East and West Germans feel their interests and experiences are represented in politics and society. It also looks at the assessment of living conditions, especially in the areas of infrastructure, mobility, health care, social participation and life in the city and in the countryside. The respondents were selected by means of a multi-stage random sample according to the RDD method, including landline and mobile phone numbers (dual-frame sample). Predominance of differences or similarities with regard to East and West Germany as well as North and South Germany; satisfaction with democracy; democracy as the best form of government; opinion on social justice in Germany; trust in institutions (courts, science and research, churches, police, federal government, politicians, parties and media); interest in politics; strength of conflicts between different social groups (rich and poor, employers and employees, young and old, foreigners and Germans, East Germans and West Germans, women and men); strength of conflicts between supporters of Corona vaccination and opponents of vaccination and between left-wing political forces and right-wing political forces; assessment of the situation in various areas in one´s own region (road conditions, provision of public transport, fast internet and doctors, shopping facilities for daily needs, wages and salaries, childcare facilities in after-school and day-care centres, cultural and recreational opportunities, jobs on offer, economic situation of people in the region as a whole); life satisfaction; optimism about the future; assessment of one´s own economic situation; East Germans are now better or worse off than West Germans; political conditions today better or worse than in the Federal Republic before reunification (West Germans aged 45 and over); political conditions today better or worse than in the GDR before reunification (East Germans aged 45 and over); assessment of social security and own economic situation compared to then (respondents aged 45 and over); identity as a German, West German or as an East German; assessment of the relationship between East Germans and West Germans; relationship between East Germans and West Germans tended to get better or tended to get worse in recent years; greatest injustices for both East Germany and West Germany; agreement with various statements (East Germans are still second-class citizens, East Germans do not recognise what a great contribution West Germans have made to the reconstruction of East Germany, West Germans are not interested in the problems in East Germany); feeling of personal representation of interests in politics, in the media as well as by various interest groups; personal sense of justice; attitude towards political influence (politicians can promise whatever they want, I don´t believe them, for me there are more important things to do than to care about politics, people like me have no influence on the politics of our country anyway, politicians care about the welfare of our country); behaviour of politicians: Politicians should stick to their opinion once it has been expressed or adjust their opinion once in a while in case of new insights and situations; politicians should always orientate themselves on the opinion of the majority of the population or on their conscience; opinion on meetings of politicians with business representatives (rather good because the business representatives can advise the politicians or rather bad because they have too much influence this way); party preference. Demography: sex; age; education: school-leaving qualification or intended school-leaving qualification; university degree; occupation; job security; professional position; simple, higher or managerial occupation (employee); occupation in simple, middle, higher or higher service; household size; number of persons in the household aged 18 and over. Additionally coded were: Respondent ID; federal state; Berlin district of residence (formerly West/East Berlin); city size; sample frame (reached via mobile or landline); weighting factors.

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones. The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers Germany.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The WVS for Germany covers national population aged 18 years and over, for both sexes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Random sample of the overall population in Germany aged 18 and older, sufficiently able to speak German

Procedure: 400 sampling points; random-route; Kish-Selection Grid Separate sampling for East and West Germany. After the selection of municipalities, the sampling procedure consists of three stages. The probability of being selected is proportional to the overall population with principle residence:

(1) Selection of constituencies: Strictly random selection of stratified constituencies (2) Selection of household: Random-Route (3) Selection of respondent: Kish-Selection-Grid Separate sampling for East and West Germany: 200 sample points each, randomly selected from stratified constituencies (according to federal state, population size)

Remarks about sampling: - a slight overrepresentation of women (4 percent points) - a slight underrepresentation of those aged 25-39, a slight overrepresentation of those aged 65+ (4 to 6 percent points)

The sample size for Germany is N=2064 and includes the national population aged 18 years and over for both sexes.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Country-specific questions were added.

Response rate

Response rate:

4454 Total number of starting names/addresses 97 - addresses established as empty, demolished or containing no private dwellings 651 - no contact at selected address 26 - no contact with selected person 842 - refusal at selected address 770 - personal refusal by selected respondent 4 - other type of unproductive 2064 - full productive interview

Remarks about non-response: 2.064 (total): 988 in West Germany, 1.076 in East Germany

Sampling error estimates

+/- 2,2%

Abstract

In order to develop various methods of comparable data collection on health and health system responsiveness WHO started a scientific survey study in 2000-2001. This study has used a common survey instrument in nationally representative populations with modular structure for assessing health of indviduals in various domains, health system responsiveness, household health care expenditures, and additional modules in other areas such as adult mortality and health state valuations.

The health module of the survey instrument was based on selected domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and was developed after a rigorous scientific review of various existing assessment instruments. The responsiveness module has been the result of ongoing work over the last 2 years that has involved international consultations with experts and key informants and has been informed by the scientific literature and pilot studies.

Questions on household expenditure and proportionate expenditure on health have been borrowed from existing surveys. The survey instrument has been developed in multiple languages using cognitive interviews and cultural applicability tests, stringent psychometric tests for reliability (i.e. test-retest reliability to demonstrate the stability of application) and most importantly, utilizing novel psychometric techniques for cross-population comparability.

The study was carried out in 61 countries completing 71 surveys because two different modes were intentionally used for comparison purposes in 10 countries. Surveys were conducted in different modes of in- person household 90 minute interviews in 14 countries; brief face-to-face interviews in 27 countries and computerized telephone interviews in 2 countries; and postal surveys in 28 countries. All samples were selected from nationally representative sampling frames with a known probability so as to make estimates based on general population parameters.

The survey study tested novel techniques to control the reporting bias between different groups of people in different cultures or demographic groups ( i.e. differential item functioning) so as to produce comparable estimates across cultures and groups. To achieve comparability, the selfreports of individuals of their own health were calibrated against well-known performance tests (i.e. self-report vision was measured against standard Snellen's visual acuity test) or against short descriptions in vignettes that marked known anchor points of difficulty (e.g. people with different levels of mobility such as a paraplegic person or an athlete who runs 4 km each day) so as to adjust the responses for comparability . The same method was also used for self-reports of individuals assessing responsiveness of their health systems where vignettes on different responsiveness domains describing different levels of responsiveness were used to calibrate the individual responses.

This data are useful in their own right to standardize indicators for different domains of health (such as cognition, mobility, self care, affect, usual activities, pain, social participation, etc.) but also provide a better measurement basis for assessing health of the populations in a comparable manner. The data from the surveys can be fed into composite measures such as "Healthy Life Expectancy" and improve the empirical data input for health information systems in different regions of the world. Data from the surveys were also useful to improve the measurement of the responsiveness of different health systems to the legitimate expectations of the population.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The metropolitan, urban and rural population and all iadministrative regional unitsi as defined in Official Europe Union Statistics (NUTS 2) covered proportionately the respective population aged 18 and above. The country was divided into an appropriate number of areas, grouping NUTS regions at whatever level appropriately. The NUTS covered in Germany were the following; Arnsberg, Berlin-Ost, Berlin-West, Bremen, Chemnitz, Cottbus, Darmstadt, Detmold, Dreden, Leipzig, D Csseldorf, Frankfurt/Oder, Gera, Suhl, Giessen, Hall, Erfurt, Hamburg, Kassel, Koblenz, K?ln, Magdeburg, Mittelfranken, M Cnster, Neubrandenburg, Niederbayern, Nordbaden-Karlsruhe, Nordw Crttemberg-Stuttgart, Oberbayern, Oberfranken, Oberpfalz, Potsdam, RB L Cneburg, RB Braunsweig, RB Weser-EMS, RB Hannover, Rheinhessen-Pfalz, Rostock, Saarland, Schleswig Holstein, Schwaben, Schwerin, S Cdbaden-Freiburg, S Cdw Crttemberg-T Cbingen, Trier, Unterfranken.

The basic sample design was a multi-stage, random probability sample. 100 sampling points were drawn with probability proportional to population size, for a total coverage of the country. The sampling points were drawn separately in West Germany and East Germany. The sampling points were drawn after stratification by NUTS 2 region and by degree of urbanisation. They represented the whole territory of the country surveyed and are selected proportionally to the distribution of the population in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas. In each of the selected sampling points, one address was drawn at random. This starting address forms the first address of a cluster of a maximum of 20 addresses. The remainder of the cluster was selected as every Nth address by standard random route procedure from the initial address. In theory, there is no maximum number of addresses issued per country. Procedures for random household selection and random respondent selection are independent of the intervieweris decision and controlled by the institute responsible. They should be as identical as possible from to country, full functional equivalence being a must. At every address up to 4 recalls are made to attempt to achieve an interview with the selected respondent. There was only one interview per household. The final sample size is 1,123 completed interviews.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Data Coding At each site the data was coded by investigators to indicate the respondent status and the selection of the modules for each respondent within the survey design. After the interview was edited by the supervisor and considered adequate it was entered locally.

Data Entry Program A data entry program was developed in WHO specifically for the survey study and provided to the sites. It was developed using a database program called the I-Shell (short for Interview Shell), a tool designed for easy development of computerized questionnaires and data entry (34). This program allows for easy data cleaning and processing.

The data entry program checked for inconsistencies and validated the entries in each field by checking for valid response categories and range checks. For example, the program didn’t accept an age greater than 120. For almost all of the variables there existed a range or a list of possible values that the program checked for.

In addition, the data was entered twice to capture other data entry errors. The data entry program was able to warn the user whenever a value that did not match the first entry was entered at the second data entry. In this case the program asked the user to resolve the conflict by choosing either the 1st or the 2nd data entry value to be able to continue. After the second data entry was completed successfully, the data entry program placed a mark in the database in order to enable the checking of whether this process had been completed for each and every case.

Data Transfer The data entry program was capable of exporting the data that was entered into one compressed database file which could be easily sent to WHO using email attachments or a file transfer program onto a secure server no matter how many cases were in the file. The sites were allowed the use of as many computers and as many data entry personnel as they wanted. Each computer used for this purpose produced one file and they were merged once they were delivered to WHO with the help of other programs that were built for automating the process. The sites sent the data periodically as they collected it enabling the checking procedures and preliminary analyses in the early stages of the data collection.

Data quality checks Once the data was received it was analyzed for missing information, invalid responses and representativeness. Inconsistencies were also noted and reported back to sites.

Data Cleaning and Feedback After receipt of cleaned data from sites, another program was run to check for missing information, incorrect information (e.g. wrong use of center codes), duplicated data, etc. The output of this program was fed back to sites regularly. Mainly, this consisted of cases with duplicate IDs, duplicate cases (where the data for two respondents with different IDs were identical), wrong country codes, missing age, sex, education and some other important variables.

Socio-Economic Drivers of Political Polarisation in Germany

Dataset Overview

This dataset contains socio-economic, demographic, and electoral data across Germany’s 16 federal states from the 2021 federal election. It integrates official election results with regional indicators such as income, unemployment, education, age distribution, urbanization, and immigration to analyze the socio-demographic drivers of political party vote shares and polarization.

Team

Data Smiths
- Keyur Chaudhari
- Yash Annapure
- Anish Gaware
- Mirang Bhandari

Objective

To analyze how socio-economic and demographic differences across Germany’s federal states influence party vote shares and identify the regions and voter groups most influential in shaping electoral outcomes.

Data Sources

• Bundeswahlleiter – Official 2021 federal election results
  https://www.bundeswahlleiterin.de/bundestagswahlen/2021/ergebnisse/opendata.html
• Destatis – Regional unemployment, GDP per capita, median income, education levels
  https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/_node.html
• Eurostat – Regional age group statistics and percentage of foreign-born population
  https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
• Wikipedia – Supplementary election and constituency data

Data Description

The dataset includes aggregated state-level variables for all 16 German federal states:

• Vote shares (%) of major parties (AfD, SPD, Greens, CDU/CSU, Left, etc.)
• Socio-economic indicators: GDP per capita, median income, unemployment rate
• Demographic indicators: tertiary education rate, age distribution, percentage foreign-born, urbanization level
• Voter turnout percentage

Data Preparation

• Collected and merged data from official government sources and public datasets
• Cleaned data for missing values and inconsistencies
• Transformed categorical variables (e.g., states, parties) into numerical formats for analysis
• Created derived features such as voter turnout and age-group proportions
• Added geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) for geospatial analysis
• Compiled into a master dataset ready for statistical modeling and visualization

Analysis Summary

• Clear East-West divide: AfD had higher vote shares in economically challenged, less diverse eastern states
• SPD support concentrated in regions with medium to high unemployment, consistent with working-class voter base
• Greens strongest in urbanized, highly educated, and higher-income states (e.g., Berlin, Hamburg)
• CDU/CSU dominated in prosperous, older, and economically stable states like Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg
• Regression analysis identified region, unemployment, and foreign-born population as key predictors of party support
• Findings reveal structured voting behavior driven by economic security, demographics, and regional identity

Usage Notes

This dataset is suitable for:
- Political and social science research
- Geospatial and statistical analysis of election data
- Machine learning modeling of voting patterns
- Educational projects in data science and political studies

References

1. Bundeswahlleiter - 2021 federal election official data
2. Destatis - Regional socio-economic statistics
3. Eurostat - Regional demographic statistics
4. Wikipedia - Election and constituency supplementary data
5. Python libraries used: Pandas, Requests, BeautifulSoup (for data processing and scraping)