In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, Germany was split into four zones, each administered by France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union respectively. In 1949, the Soviet-controlled zone formed the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), while the rest became the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). In this time, Berlin was also split into four zones, and the three non-Soviet zones formed West Berlin, which was a part of West Germany (although the West's administrative capital was moved to Bonn). One population grows, while the other declines Between 1949 and 1961, an estimated 2.7 million people migrated from East to West Germany. East Germany had a communist government with a socialist economy and was a satellite state of the Soviet Union, whereas West Germany was a liberal democracy with a capitalist economy, and western autonomy increased over time. Because of this difference, West Germany was a much freer society with more economic opportunities. During the German partition, the population of the west grew, from 51 million in 1950 to 62.7 million in 1989, whereas the population of East Germany declined from 18.4 million to just 16.4 million during this time. Little change after reunification In 1989, after four decades of separation, the process of German reunification began. The legal and physical barriers that had split the country were removed, and Germans could freely travel within the entire country. Despite this development, population growth patterns did not change. The population of the 'new states' (East Germany) continued to decline, whereas the population of the west grew, particularly in the 1990s, the first decade after reunification. The reasons for this continued imbalance between German population in the east and west, is mostly due to a low birth rate and internal migration within Germany. Despite the fact that levels of income and unemployment in the new states have gotten closer to those reported for the west (a major obstacle after reunification), life and opportunities in the west continue to attract young Germans from rural areas in the east with detrimental effect on the economy and demography of the new states.

GDP per Capita: East Germany incl Berlin data was reported at 41,858.000 EUR in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 40,727.000 EUR for 2023. GDP per Capita: East Germany incl Berlin data is updated yearly, averaging 23,386.500 EUR from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2024, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41,858.000 EUR in 2024 and a record low of 9,826.000 EUR in 1991. GDP per Capita: East Germany incl Berlin data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.A054: ESA 2010: GDP per Capita: by Region.

Selbst nach 30 Jahren der Wiedervereinigungen existieren immer noch Unterschiede sowohl in Bezug auf gesellschaftspolitische Einstellungen als auch in Zufriedenheitsmessungen zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschen. Auch aktuelle politische Entwicklungen und Wahlergebnisse unterscheiden sich deutlich zwischen Ost und West. Aufgrund dessen geht die Studie der Frage nach , inwieweit sich - neben den Ost-West-Unterschieden - auch zwischen den verschiedenen Generationen der Ostdeutschen (gesellschafts-)politische Einstellungen unterscheiden. Gibt es einen systembedingten Sozialisationseffekt, der sich auf Einstellungen auswirkt? Und gleichen sich die Einstellungen jüngerer Generationen in Ost und West wieder an? Neben dem Blick auf die verschiedenen Altersgruppen (Sozialisierung vor und nach der Wende) wurden Einstellungen und Meinungen zur Wiedervereinigung und dem Bild der DDR sowie zum persönlichen Erleben der Wende und zu aktuellen politischen Themen erhoben. Themen: Lebensumstände: Lebenszufriedenheit; Beurteilung der allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Lage in Ostdeutschland und der eigenen wirtschaftlichen Lage; Zukunftsoptimismus. Politische Einstellungen und Unterschiede Ost-West: Politikinteresse; Demokratiezufriedenheit; Demokratie als gute Regierungsform; Politikzufriedenheit; Beurteilung unterschiedlicher Staatsformen (Präferenz starker Staat vs. liberaler Staat); Beurteilung der repräsentativen Demokratie; Wahlteilnahme; Institutionenvertrauen; Meinung zu verschiedenen Aussagen zur allgemeinen Situation in Deutschland; Meinung zu verschiedenen Aussagen zur Gesellschaft in Ostdeutschland; Meinung zum Aufbau Ost (weiterhin vorrangige Unterstützung der östlichen Bundesländer oder bedürftige Regionen in Ost und West gleichermaßen); Einstellung zum Sozialstaat (Ausbau sozialstaatlicher Leistungen trotz höherer Steuern vs. Steuersenkungen trotz Kürzung von Sozialleistungen); Zuzugsmöglichkeiten und Bleiberechte für Ausländer erweitern vs. einschränken; Einstellung zur Zuwanderung. Einstellungen zur DDR: eher positive oder negative Gefühle in Bezug auf die DDR; Bewertung des Sozialismus anhand verschiedener Aussagen über Politik und Staat der DDR; Bewertung des gesellschaftlichen Lebens in der DDR; Bewertung verschiedener Lebensbereiche im Vergleich zur BRD; Beurteilung der aktuellen medialen Berichterstattung über Ostdeutschland. Wiedervereinigung und Nachwende: Bewertung des Mauerfalls; Gewinner oder Verlierer der Wiedervereinigung; Veränderung nach der Wiedervereinigung; Beurteilung der Wiedervereinigung. Demographie: Alter (Geburtsjahr); Geschlecht; Haushaltsgröße; Bildung; Erwerbstätigkeit; berufliche Stellung; Arbeitslosigkeit; Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer; Haushaltseinkommen; Parteisympathie. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten ID; Gewichtungsfaktor; DDR-Sozialisation; Ortsgröße (politische Gemeindeklasse); Bundesland. Even after 30 years of reunification, there are still differences both in socio-political attitudes and in satisfaction measurements between East and West Germans. Current political developments and election results also differ markedly between East and West. The study therefore examines the extent to which - in addition to East-West differences - the various generations of East Germans also have different (social) political attitudes. Is there a system-induced socialisation effect that affects attitudes? And do the attitudes of younger generations in the East and West converge again? In addition to looking at the different age groups (socialisation before and after the fall of communism), attitudes and opinions on reunification and the image of the GDR, as well as on the personal experience of the fall of communism and on current political issues were collected. Topics: Life circumstances: life satisfaction; assessment of the general economic situation in East Germany and one´s own economic situation; optimism for the future. Political attitudes and differences East-West: political interest; satisfaction with democracy; democracy as a good form of government; satisfaction with politics; assessment of different forms of government (preference for a strong state vs. a liberal state); assessment of representative democracy; participation in elections; trust in institutions; opinion on various statements on the general situation in Germany; opinion on various statements on society in eastern Germany; opinion on reconstruction in eastern Germany (continued priority support for eastern federal states or needy regions in eastern and western Germany equally); attitude towards the welfare state (expansion of welfare state services despite higher taxes vs. tax cuts despite cuts in social benefits); expansion of immigration opportunities and rights of residence for foreigners vs. restrictions; attitude towards immigration. Attitudes towards the GDR: rather positive or negative feelings with regard to the GDR; evaluation of socialism on the basis of various statements about GDR politics and state; evaluation of social life in the GDR; evaluation of various areas of life in comparison with the FRG; evaluation of current media coverage of East Germany. Reunification and post-reunification: assessment of the fall of the Wall; winner or loser of reunification; change after reunification; assessment of reunification. Demography: age (year of birth); sex; household size; education; employment status; occupational status; unemployment; duration of unemployment; household income; party sympathy. Additionally coded: respondent ID; weighting factor; GDR socialisation; city size (political community class); federal state.

The Politbarometer has been conducted since 1977 on an almost monthly basis by the Research Group for Elections (Forschungsgruppe Wahlen) for the Second German Television (ZDF). Since 1990, this database has also been available for the new German states. The survey focuses on the opinions and attitudes of the voting population in the Federal Republic on current political topics, parties, politicians, and voting behavior. From 1990 to 1995 and from 1999 onward, the Politbarometer surveys were conducted separately in the eastern and western federal states (Politbarometer East and Politbarometer West). The separate monthly surveys of a year are integrated into a cumulative data set that includes all surveys of a year and all variables of the respective year. The Politbarometer short surveys, collected with varying frequency throughout the year, are integrated into the annual cumulation starting from 2003.
The following topics are included in the total data set as a whole. In some cases they were asked at every survey time, but in others only at one or more survey times.

Most important political problems in Germany; intention to vote in the next federal election and party preference (Sunday question, first vote, second vote); could imagine voting for the following parties: SPD, CDU/CSU, Greens, FDP, AfD, and Die Linke; interest in the federal election; voting behavior in the last federal election in 2021; coalition preference; assessment of a coalition of SPD and Greens led by the SPD, a coalition of SPD, Greens and FDP led by the SPD, a coalition of SPD and CDU/CSU led by the SPD, a coalition of CDU/CSU and SPD led by the CDU/CSU, a coalition of CDU/CSU and Greens led by the CDU/CSU, and on a coalition of CDU/CSU, Greens and FDP led by the CDU/CSU; Sympathy scalometer for the SPD, CDU, CSU, Greens, FDP, AfD and Die Linke parties; satisfaction scalometer for the federal government consisting of the SPD, Greens and FDP and for the respective governing parties; ranking of the parties most liked; most important politicians in Germany; Sympathy scalometer for selected top politicians (Annalena Baerbock, Robert Habeck, Hubertus Heil, Lars Klingbeil, Winfried Kretschmann, Christine Lamprecht, Karl Lauterbach, Christian Lindner, Angela Merkel, Friedrich Merz, Cem Özdemir, Olaf Scholz, Markus Söder, Jens Spahn, Sarah Wagenknecht, Alice Weidel and Frank-Walter Steinmeier); satisfaction with democracy; interest in politics; assessment of current economic situation in the country; most competent party to solve economic problems in the country; assessment of current personal economic situation and expected economic situation in the coming year; expected upward trend in Germany (economic expectations); most competent party to create jobs and in the areas of corona policy, social policy, social justice, securing pensions and energy policy; right-wing extremism in Germany as a danger to democracy; more likely advantages or more likely disadvantages for the German population as a result of EU membership; assessment of cohesion in the EU after the election in Italy; suspected frequency of bribery in the European Parliament; assessment of Olaf Scholz´s work as Chancellor; assessment of Olaf Scholz´s work in the Ukraine crisis or in uncertain times; assessment of the work of Robert Habeck and Annalena Baerbock in the Ukraine crisis; assessment of the work of Robert Habeck as Minister of Economics and of Christian Lindner as Minister of Finance; assessment of the relationship between the governing parties; blame for the relationship between the governing parties; does Chancellor Olaf Scholz show leadership; assessment of the work of Frank-Walter Steinmeiner as Federal President; support for a further term of office for Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier; assessment of the work of the federal government of SPD, Greens and FDP; assessment of the respective assertiveness of the SPD, Greens and FDP in the traffic light government; assessment of the respective work of the SPD, Greens and FDP in the government; expectation for the continuation of the traffic light coalition until the next Bundestag election in 2025; expectation of a better government with the participation of the CDU/CSU; Germany can cope with more refugees from crisis areas; Germany can cope with many war refugees from Ukraine; opinion on the simplified admission procedure for refugees from Ukraine; reunification was right vs. not right; preponderance of differences or similarities between eastern and western Germany; assessment of social justice in Germany; is Friedrich Merz as party chairman leading the CDU successfully into the future; assessment of Friedrich Merz´s work as CDU party chairman; is Christian Lindner as party chairman leading the FDP successfully into the future; expected impact of the state election in NRW on federal policy; feeling threatened by crime; personal problem with rising energy prices; expectation of further rising prices;...

Mediennutzung und Einstellungen von Ostdeutschen. Themen: Häufigkeit der Besuche im Westen; Nutzung westdeutscher Medienals Informationsquelle; Beurteilung der Rolle Amerikas bei derwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung in Westdeutschland; Beurteilung der RolleRußlands bei der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung der DDR; Beurteilung der(zukünftigen) wirtschaftlichen Stärke verschiedener Länder (England,Frankreich, USA, Rußland, Westdeutschland, DDR); Schuld an der deutschenTeilung; Kenntnis westdeutscher Zeitungen, Zeitschriften, Illustriertenund Rundfunksender; Häufigkeit der Nutzung westdeutscher Zeitungen,Zeitschriften, Illustrierten und Rundfunksender. Demographie: Beruf; Familieneinkommen; Alter; Schulbildung; Land;Ortsgröße; Geschlecht. Zusätzlich verkodet wurden: Ort des Interviews; Interviewdatum;Interviewernummer. Media usage and attitudes of East Germans.Topics:frequency of trips to the west;use of West German media as source of information;judgement on the role of America in economic development in West Germany;judgement on the role of Russia in economic development of the GDR;judgement on the (future) economic strength of various countries (England,France, USA, Russia, West Germany, GDR);blame for the division of Germany;knowledge of West German newspapers, magazines, picture magazines andradio stations;frequency of use West German newspapers, magazines, picture magazines andradio stations.Demography:occupation;family income;age;school education;state;city size;sex.Also encoded was:place of interview;date of interview;interviewer number.

The Politbarometer has been conducted since 1977 on an almost monthly basis by the Forschungsgruppe Wahlen on behalf of the Second German Television (ZDF). Since 1990, this database has also been available for the new German states. The survey focuses on the opinions and attitudes of the voting-age population in the Federal Republic on current political issues, parties, politicians, and voting behavior. From 1990 to 1995 and from 1999 onward, the Politbarometer surveys were conducted separately both in the newly formed eastern and in the western German states (Politbarometer East and Politbarometer West). The separate monthly surveys of a year are integrated into a cumulative data set that includes all surveys of a year and all variables of the respective year. Starting in 2003, the Politbarometer short surveys, collected with varying frequency throughout the year, are integrated into the annual cumulation.
The following topics were repeated identically at every time of survey: most important political problems in the Federal Republic; party preference (Sunday question, rank order procedure); party inclination and party identification; behavior at the polls in the last Federal Parliament election; sympathy scale for the parties and selected politicians; self-assessment on a left-right continuum; jeopardy to one´s own job; jeopardy to the job of close persons; expected development of the economic situation in Germany and in the East of the country; judgement on current and future economic situation of respondent; most able party to solve the economic problems in the eastern part of the country; union membership; religiousness; survey date. The following questions were posed in at least one or several survey months: coalition preference; satisfaction with achievements of the Federal Government and the opposition; most important politicians in Germany; position of the FDP in the government coalition; judgement on FDP chairman Gerhard; FDP as extraneous party; assessment of the renewal of the PDS; classification of the PDS as a normal party; attitude to government participation by the PDS; attitude to a red-green minority government in Berlin with toleration of the PDS; assessment of the reputation of the party chairmen Scharping and Kohl in their parties; stronger left-orientation of the SPD under chairman Lafontaine; judgement on Scharping as candidate for federal chancellor in the next Federal Parliament election; alternative candidate for chancellor for the SPD; preference for federal chancellor; Scharping or Schroeder as better candidates against Federal Chancellor Kohl; attitude to a renewed candidacy of Kohl in the next Federal Parliament election; judgement on the status of unification and the condition of society; comparison of the condition of society in Germany with that of Western European neighbors; longing for social security, job protection, security, kindergartens, general security during the time of the GDR; attitude to democracy; the right people in leading positions; interest in politics; justified dissatisfaction of the East Germans with their current living conditions; adequate effort by the Federal Government forachievement of equivalent living conditions in East and West; expected period for achievement of the same conditions in East and West; judgement on the situation in Eastern Germany before the turning point regarding economic situation, social security, personal freedom and consideration for one another; attitude to union of Brandenburg and Berlin into a common state; attitude to increased acceptance of international political responsibility by united Germany; desire for German pressure on Russia to end the war in Chechnya; problems of the former Soviet Union as danger to Germany; desire for an active role for Michael Gorbachev in Russian politics; Gorbachev or Yeltsin as preferred Russian president; attitude to continuation of support of Boris Yeltsin by the West; attitude to an eastern extension of NATO; capitulation of the German Reich on 8 May 1945 as defeat or liberation; significance of this day; significance of a good relationship with German neighboring countries; National Socialism as a current danger in Germany; attitude to increased intervention of the UN in Bosnia; attitude to German participation in the UN protective troops in Bosnia; general judgement on the military action of UN and NATO in Bosnia; attitude to participation of German fighter planes; attitude to a reduction in troop levelof the Federal German Armed Forces and to the under-ground nuclear tests by France in the South Pacific; judgement on the government´s job; SPD as better government alternative; judgement on the solidarity tax to finance German unity; visit in West Germany since the border opening or in the last year; vacation destination in the last year; possession of a telephone and entry in telephone book; attitude to speed limits given high ozone values; preferred treatment of cars with...

Attitudes to the EC, 2. Problems of environmental protection. Topics: 1. Attitudes to the EC: citizenship and eligibility to vote at place of residence; contentment with life; satisfaction with democracy; opinion leadership and frequency of political discussions; postmaterialism; frequency of obtaining news from television, radio and newspapers; preference for a dictatorship under certain conditions; major reasons for one´s own election participation; associations with the terms European Community and European Union; judgment on personal level of information about the EC; attitude to European unification and membership of one´s own country in the EC; advantages or disadvantages for the country from EC membership; regret of a possible failure of the EC; knowledge about the location of selected EC institutions; future significance of EC membership of the country for the country and the people; most important personal interests that will be achieved through the EC; satisfaction with the attitude of selected institutions and persons to Europe; self-perception as European or member of a nation-state (split: in the second case the key word ´citizen´ was introduced in the formulation of the question); judgment on current and desired speed of unification for Europe; knowledge about the European flag; cities, media and events, at which the European flag was seen; attitude to the European flag; attitude to the European Commission; preference for a national or European decision-making authority in selected political areas; attitude to reform of EC agricultural policy; knowledge about the European domestic market; expectations of the domestic market and reasons for hopes or fears; general attitude to the domestic market and a European social policy; expected effects from the domestic market; attitude to a European Government and the European Parliament; general significance of the European Parliament in selected political areas; attitude to an increasing significance of this parliament; agreement with expanded transfer of authority to the EC in an economic and currency union as well as in a political unification; knowledge about the Maastricht conference, the treaty and contents; evaluation of the significance of the Maastricht Treaty for the EC; expected effects of the Maastricht Treaty for the EC, for one´s own country and personal life; agreement with admission of selected countries into the EC and positive or negative effects originating from this for the old member countries; willingness to pay increased taxes to support Eastern Europe; knowledge about the most powerful EC institution; attitude to an eligibility to vote for EC foreigners at local and EC level; attitude to admission of Southern European job-seekers, emigrants from Eastern Europe as well as political applicants for political asylum; judgment on the proportion of foreigners from non-EC countries in one´s country and an extension of their rights; perceived disturbance from presence of people of foreign nationality, race and religion.2. Problems of environmental protection: urgency of environmental protection; personal concern about selected environmental problems(scale); preference for economic growth or environmental protection; concern about the effects of selected economic areas on the environment; most important economic areas polluting the environment; classification of the extent of various types of environmental pollution in one´s residential surroundings (scale); concern about individual areas of environmental pollution in one´s country (scale); perceived seriousness of dangers to the environment and most important effects of these dangers; actual commitment and general readiness for active environmental protection (scale); assessment of the efficiency of local, regional, national, European as well as world-wide environmental protection institutions; need for information about environmental protection; most trustworthy sources of information; preferred topics for the environmental protection conference in Rio de Janeiro; interest in information on the year of ´civil defense´. Demography: self-classification on a left-right continuum; party allegiance; party preference (Sunday question); behavior at the polls in the last election; union membership; marital status; age at end of education; resumption of school training after an interruption and length of school training; length of further education; sex; age; size of household; number of children in household; possession of durable economic goods; occupational position; weekly number of working hours; supervisor status; employment in the civil service or private enterprise (company sector); person managing household; head of household; age of head of household at end of education; occupation of head of household; supervisor status of head of household; self-assessment of social class; residential status; degree of urbanization; religious denomination; frequency of church attendance; religiousness; monthly household income; city size; region. Also encoded was: date of interview; length of interview; presence of third persons during interview; willingness of respondent to cooperate. Indices: opinion leadership (cognitive mobility); postmaterialism; attitude to Europe; status in profession; party preference on European level; EC support; support for the EC domestic market; media usage. The following questions were posed only in Norway: highest school degree; further education and college attendance. The following additional questions were posed only in the new states: use of selected sources of information about the EC; perceived EC topics; most important sources of information about occurrences in the state, in the Federal Republic and in Europe; classification of credibility of selected sources of information; interest in further information about the EC; preference for brief or detailed information on political questions; assessment of the EC role in the achievement of equivalent standard of living between East and West Germany; knowledge about individual EC organs and their tasks; knowledge about EC member countries. The following questions were posed only in Portugal: knowledge and significance of the Portuguese EC presidency. The following questions were posed only in Ireland: agreement with Irish participation in a common European defense policy.

Sozialer Wandel in Ostdeutschland während der politischen undökonomischen Transformation. Themen: Hoffnungen und Befürchtungen; Wichtigkeit ausgewählterLebensbereiche wie Arbeit, Partnerschaft, Bildung, sozialeSicherheit, Gesundheit, Wohnung, Religion Umwelt, Freizeit;Veränderung der Wichtigkeit in den letzten fünf Jahren;allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit; Verhältnis der Ostdeutschen zurDDR (BRD); Ostdeutsche als Bundesbürger; Vertrauen inInstitutionen; Informiertheit über das System der sozialenSicherheit, Kultur- und Freizeitangebot, Probleme mit Kindern,Qualifikations- und Bildungsmöglichkeiten, gesunde Lebensweise,Arbeitsrecht, Partnerbeziehungen, Arbeit, Umweltschutz, Lohn- undPreisgestaltung, Wohnungsmarkt; Zufriedenheit mit ausgewähltenSeiten des Lebens (Skala); Veränderung der Zufriedenheit ineinzelnen Lebensbereichen (Skala); Ursachen für Arbeitslosigkeit;Furcht vor eigener Arbeitslosigkeit; Akzeptanz von Bedingungenzur Vermeidung eigener Arbeitslosigkeit; Berufstätigkeit vonFrauen; präferierte Freizeitaktivitäten (Skala);Parteimitgliedschaft bzw. Parteisympathien; Mitgliedschaft inVereinen, Gewerkschaften, Bürgerinitiativen; Bereitschaft zurMitarbeit in verschiedenen Organisationen; Demokratieverständnis;Politikinteresse; Erwartungen der primären Umwelt an dasVerhalten; Einschätzung der eigenen wirtschaftlichen Lage; Dauerder Einkommensangleichung Ost - West; deutsche Vereinigung alsGewinn oder Verlust; Gewinn und Verlust in einzelnenLebensbereichen; erwartete gesellschaftliche Veränderungen in dennächsten Jahren; Kinderwunsch; Veränderung des Kinderwunschesseit der Vereinigung; zeitliche Verschiebung der Erfüllung desKinderwunsches; wöchentliche Arbeitszeit; tarifliche Regelung fürLohn/Gehalt; Überstunden; Sozialversicherung; befristeterArbeitsvertrag; Veränderungen der beruflichen Anforderungen imVergleich zur Zeit vor der Wende; Übereinstimmung vongegenwärtiger Tätigkeit und der vor 1990; Arbeitsweg; präferierteArbeitszeit mit entsprechender Angleichung des Arbeitseinkommens;Wirtschaftszweig und Anzahl der Beschäftigten des Betriebes;Wunsch nach Teilzeitarbeit, "Jobben", gar nicht zu arbeiten;präferierte Arbeitszeitregelung; präferierte Art und Zeitpunktdes Übergangs in den Ruhestand; eigene Arbeitslosigkeit;Teilzeitarbeit; Religionsgemeinschaft; Einkommensquellen (Skala);Anzahl der Kinder im Haushalt; finanzielle Möglichkeit derBedürfnisbefriedigung; Mietverhältnis; Wunsch nach Wohnungskauf;Wohnungsausstattung; Umzug nach 1990; beabsichtigter Umzug in dennächsten zwei Jahren; persönliche Sicherheit; Vermögen undGrundbesitz; Selbsteinschätzung des Gesundheitszustandes;Schwerbehindertenausweis; Veränderungen im Gesundheitswesen Social change in Eastern Germany during political and economic transformation. Topics: Hopes and fears; importance of selected areas of life such as work, partnership, education, social security, health, residence, religion environment, leisure time; change of importance in the last 5 years; general contentment with life; relationship of the East Germans to the GDR (FRG); East Germans as German citizens; trust in institutions; extent to which informed about the system of social security, culture and leisure selection, problems with children, qualification and education opportunities, healthful way of life, work law, partner relations, work, environmental protection, establishment of wages and prices, housing market; satisfaction with selected sides of life (scale); change of satisfaction in individual areas of life (scale); reasons for unemployment; fear of personal unemployment; acceptance of conditions to avoid personal unemployment; employment of women; preferred leisure activities (scale); party membership or party sympathies; membership in clubs, trade unions, citizen initiatives; readiness to participate in various organizations; understanding of democracy; interest in politics; expectations of family and friends of one's conduct; assessment of personal economic situation; duration of income equalization East-West; German unification as gain or loss; gain and loss in individual areas of life; expected social changes in the next few years; desire for children; change of desire for children since unification; temporal deferral of fulfillment of desire for children; time worked each week; union regulation for wage / salary; overtime; social security; limited work contract; changes of occupational requirements in comparison to the time before the turning point; agreement of current activity and that of before 1990; the route to work; preferred working hours with corresponding equalization of work income; branch of the economy and number of employees of company; desire for part-time work, "jobbing", not working at all; preferred arrangement of working hours; preferred manner and time of transfer into retirement; personal unemployment; part-time work; religious community; sources of income (scale); number of children in household; financial opportunity to satisfy needs; tenancy; desire to purchase residence; residential furnishings; move after 1990; intended move in the next two years; personal safety; assets and property possession; self-assessment of condition of health; identification as seriously handicapped; changes in public health system

Political attitudes and political participation in reunified Germany. Cumulated data set from the data sets of the four largely identical cross-section surveys at two different survey times in West and East Germany.

Topics: judgement on current general economic situation as well as economic situation in the previous year; expected economic situation; knowledge about the importance of first vote and second vote; satisfaction with democracy; interest in politics; certainty of one´s own intent to participate in the election and one´s own voting decision (pre); type of voting as absentee ballot or polling place (post); same voting decision after knowledge about results of the election (post); party preference (Sunday question, first vote and second vote, post); voting decision for candidate (pre) and recall (post), voting decision for party (pre) and recall (post); respondent has answered the question regarding voting intent and voting decision; time of voting decision (post); most important reasons for one´s own voting decision (post); certainty of one´s own voting decision (pre); reasons for voting intent and not voting; eligible to vote at the federal elections 2002 (pre); estimated certainty of selected smaller parties taking seats in Federal Parliament (FDP, Bündnis90/Die Grünen, PDS, and Republikaner, pre); expected election winner in the Federal Parliament election (CDU/CSU or SPD, pre); evaluation of democracy as a conception of a state; personal financial situation; personal financial situation has improved and expectations for the next year; most important reasons for dissatisfaction with parties; first and second coalition preference; satisfaction with result of Federal Parliament election (post); intensity and frequency of following the election campaign; responsivity: judgement on parties and politicians and their job as well as their relation to citizens (scale); most important problems of the country; issue ability of parties with the two most important problems; external efficacy: possibilities of citizens to influence parties; internal efficacy: ability of citizens to influence parties and governments (scale); assessment of the position of the most important parties on the topics nuclear energy, immigration, and European unification; personal opinion on these topics and importance of problem solution; place of residence in July 1989; retrospective judgement on personal standard of living, fairness of income distribution, social security, company of people, and crime protection in the FRG 1989 and in the GDR compared to today; knowledge of the number of federal states; psychological self-characterisation (ASKO-scale, big five); sympathy scale for the parties CDU, CSU, SPD, FDP, Bündnis90/Die Grünen, Republikaner, PDS, and Schill Partei; postmaterialism (Inglehart Index); trust in institutions: trust in Federal Parliament, the Federal Constitutional Court, Federal Government, the judiciary, the police, administration, churches, parties, the Federal German Armed Forces, trade unions, ecological groups and in trade associations as well as employer´s associations and representatives in the federal parliament; preference for chancellor; sympathy scale for candidates for chancellor Stoiber and Schroeder; assessment of characteristics of the two candidates for chancellor regarding sympathy, trustworthiness, energy and their concepts to improve the economy (economic skills); preference of political participation (scale); left-right self-placement; feeling of representation in selected associations, institutions and parties; assessment of closeness to selected parties of trade unions, trade and employer´s associations, ecological groups and churches; social moral orientations (scale); satisfaction with the Federal Government; geographic connection: connected to the community, the city, the region, the federal state, old FRG / GDR, and Germany; left-right placement of parties; media usage: frequency of reading ‘BILD-Zeitung’, local, regional and national daily newspapers; frequency of reception of political news on television (ARD, ZDF and private TV); Frequency and length of internet use as well as frequency of use of political information and actions on the Internet; Attitude to electronic voting on the Internet; Viewing both television debates between the candidates for chancellor Schroeder and Stoiber and assessment of the performance of the candidates; assessment of the fairness of the social system in the Federal Republic; belonging to the underprivileged or to the privileged section of population; behavior at the polls in the Federal Parliament election 1998; extremism scale: national pride, nationalization of important companies, courage to sense of nationality, group interests subordinated to public welfare, dictatorship as the better type of state, good aspects of National Socialism, without extermination of Jews, Hitler as a great statesman, foreign infiltration of the Federal Republic,...

International vergleichende Studie über das Deutschlandbild der Dänen,Franzosen, Griechen, Briten, Italiener, Niederländer, Schweden undAmerikaner. Themen: Kenntnisquellen über die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Gründefür Nichtkenntnisse; Informationsinteressen über die BRD; Beurteilungder gegenseitigen Beziehungen zu 9 ausgewählten Ländern der Welt;Urteilsveränderungen gegenüber der BRD und Vergleich der Einstellungenzu Westdeutschland und Ostdeutschland (DDR); Einstellung zurWiedervereinigung Deutschlands; Einschätzung Westdeutschlands alsmilitärische Macht und Beurteilung der wirtschaftlichen und sozialenSicherung sowie des Schutzes der Menschenrechte in den 9 Ländern;Wirklichkeitsbild und Medienbild von den Bewohnern Westdeutschlands. In Griechenland wurde zusätzlich gefragt: Einfluß desAuslieferungsersuchens für einen Terroristen auf diegriechisch-deutschen Beziehungen. In Italien wurde zusätzlich gefragt: Einfluß desAuslieferungsersuchens für den ehemaligen Polizeichef Kappler auf diedeutsch-italienischen Beziehungen; Gründe für eine Reise nachWestdeutschland. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Schulbildung; Beruf; beruflichePosition; Haushaltseinkommen; Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltungsvorstand;Schichtzugehörigkeit; Ortsgröße; Bundesland. International comparative study about the image of Germany of theDanes, French, Greeks, British, Italians, Dutch, Swedes and Americans. Topics: Sources of knowledge about the Federal Republic of Germany andreasons for lack of knowledge; interest in information about the FRG;judgement on the mutual relations with 9 selected countries of theworld; changes in judgement regarding the FRG and comparison ofattitudes to West Germany and East Germany (GDR); attitude toreunification of Germany; assessment of West Germany as a militarypower and judgement on economic and social security as well asprotection of human rights in the 9 countries; image of reality andimage of the media of the residents of West Germany. The following question was also posed in Greece: influence onGreek-German relations of the request for extradition of a terrorist. The following questions were also posed in Italy: influence onGerman-Italian relations of the request for extradition of the formerpolice chief Kappler; reasons for a trip to West Germany. Demography: age; sex; school education; occupation; professionalposition; household income; size of household; head of household;social class; city size; state.