Link Function: information

The Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) program of research was initiated in response to the 1977 report of the President's Commission on Mental Health. The purpose was to collect data on the prevalence and incidence of mental disorders and on the use of and need for services by the mentally ill. The ECA Survey is the largest and most comprehensive survey of mental disorders ever conducted in the United States. The scope and complexity of the survey design were made possible because of the confluence of the recent standardization of psychiatric diagnostic criteria and the availability of advanced computer data processing systems. Independent research teams at five universities (Yale, Johns Hopkins, Washington University, Duke University, and University of California at Los Angeles), in collaboration with NIMH, conducted the studies with a core of common questions and sample characteristics. The sites were areas that had previously been designated as Community Mental Health Center catchment areas (New Haven, CN, Baltimore, MD, St. Louis, MO, Durham, NC, and Los Angeles, CA). The ECA encompassed a Household Survey and an Institutional Survey at each site, with two waves of personal interviews administered one year apart and a brief telephone interview in between. The structured psychiatric diagnostic interview used in the ECA was the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), version III (with the exception of the Yale Wave I survey, which used version II). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition (DSM-III) diagnoses derived from the DIS include manic episode, major depressive episode, dysthymia, bipolar disorder, alcohol abuse or dependence, drug abuse or dependence, schizophrenia, schizophreniform, obsessive compulsive disorder, phobia, somatization, panic, antisocial personality, and anorexia nervosa. The DIS elicits diagnoses across the respondent's full life span and also indicates when symptoms appeared during the last year (within last two weeks, last month, last six months, and last full year). The DIS uses the Mini-Mental State Examination to screen, when respondents appear confused, for cognitive impairment and inability to complete the interview, and continuation by a proxy interview.

Displays Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA) in the City of Seattle. For more information about the definition of the ECA layers, see Seattle Municipal Code section 25.09.Updated as needed.

The European climatological gauge-adjusted radar precipitation dataset, EURADCLIM, addresses the need for an accurate (sub-)daily precipitation product covering 8000000 square kilometers of Europe at high spatial resolution. It consists of 1-h and 24-h precipitation accumulations (every clock-hour) at a 2-km grid for the period 2013 through 2022. It is based on the European Meteorological Network (EUMETNET) Operational Program on the Exchange of weather RAdar Information (OPERA) gridded radar dataset of 15-min instantaneous surface rain rates. For EURADCLIM, first methods have been applied to further remove non-meteorological echoes from these images by applying two statistical methods and a satellite-based cloud type mask. Second, the radar composites are merged with the rain gauge data from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) in order to substantially improve its quality. We expect to rerun EURADCLIM once a year over the entire period, using all available ECA&D rain gauge data, and extend it with one year of data. This will result in a new version of this dataset. Project EURADCLIM was financed by KNMI’s multi-annual strategic research programme (project number 2017.02). The EURADCLIM dataset is based on the OPERA surface radar rain rate and daily precipitation sums of the rain gauge networks provided by the European national weather services and other data holding institutes, through ECA&D.

With respect to version 1, the changes include slightly improved removal of non-meteorological echoes, somewhat better rain gauge coverage over the years 2013 to 2020, and years 2021 and 2022 have been added to the dataset.

Usage: For each month a zip file is provided. The data are in UTC, where the time in the unzipped filenames is the end time of observation in UTC. Object "dataset1/data1" contains the 24-h precipitation accumulation in millimeters. For a given grid cell, it is equal to the "nodata" value (-9999000.0) in case data availability of the underlying 1-h accumulations is < 83.3%. Object "dataset2/dataset1" contains the number of valid values for each radar grid cell (count), i.e., the number of underlying 1-h accumulations that have been used.

Displays Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA) in the City of Seattle. For more information about the definition of the ECA layers, see Seattle Municipal Code section 25.09.Updated as needed.

This research, designed by the World Bank, and supported by the Department for International Development (DFID), aims to highlight the unprecedented transformation of the urban systems in the ECA region in the last decades, and to look at this shifts from the demographic, economic, and spatial prospectives. Cities in ECA database comprises data from 5,549 cities in 15 countries of the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region, as defined by the World Bank Group, and from the United Kingdom and Germany. Database information for each city is in three dimensions: demographic, spatial, and economic. The starting point to construct the Cities in ECA database was to obtain from each of the countries the list of official cities and these cities' population data. Population data collected for cities falls on or around three years: 1989, 1999, and 2010 (or the latest year available). The official list of "cities" was geo-referenced and overlaid with globally-available spatial data to produce city-level indicators capturing spatial characteristics (e.g., urban footprint) and proxies for economic activity. City-level spatial characteristics, including urban footprints (or extents) for the years 1996, 2000, and 2010 and their temporal evolution, were obtained from the Global Nighttime Lights (NTL) dataset. City-level proxies for economic activity were also estimated based on the NTL dataset. Nighttime Lights (NLS) data is produced by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Optical Line Scanner (OLS) database and maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

This dataset consists of homogenised time series of daily temperature observations for meteorological stations throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. The version of the dataset described here is a homogenised version of the ECA&D (European Climate Assessment & Dataset) daily dataset, produced with funding from the EU Horizon2020 EUSTACE (EU Surface Temperature for All Corners of Earth) project.

The data is available directly from the ECA&D website and is referenced here to form part of the EUSTACE collection of data. The EUSTACE version of the product is that labelled 'Homogenized ECA Dataset'. This dataset will continue to be updated by the ECA&D project beyond the end of EUSTACE.

Data is available for non-commercial purposes under the ECA&D terms and conditions (see https://www.ecad.eu//documents/ECAD_datapolicy.pdf).

To cite this dataset please use Squintu, AA, van der Schrier, G, Brugnara, Y, Klein Tank, A. Homogenization of daily temperature series in the European Climate Assessment & Dataset. /Int J Climatol/. 2019; 39: 1243– 1261. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5874

The EU EUSTACE project has received funding by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 640171.

Displays Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA) in the City of Seattle. For more information about the definition of the ECA layers, see Seattle Municipal Code section 25.09.Updated as needed.

Displays areas with Riparian Corridors in the City of Seattle. See Ordinance Number: 122738.A polygon feature class showing Riparian Corridors in Seattle. Used to implement and regulate the City of Seattle's Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA) policies. The riparian corridor includes the riparian watercourse and the riparian management area. The riparian watercourse is the watercourse of Type F, Np, and Ns waters defined in WAC 222-16-030 and 222-16-031 that have fish or wildlife habitat. The riparian management area is the area within 100 feet of the riparian watercourse measured horizontally landward from the ordinary high water mark of the watercourse as surveyed in the field, or from the top of the bank if the ordinary high water mark cannot be determined. For more information about the definition of riparian corridors, see Seattle Municipal Code section 25.09.012, Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA) definitions. Updated as needed.

Displays Environmentally Critical Areas (ECA) in the City of Seattle. For more information about the definition of the ECA layers, see Seattle Municipal Code section 25.09.

The report, conducted in 2022-23, underscores the urgent need to ensure efficient, clean, and affordable heating services for everyone. Achieving net-zero emissions by mid-century in the region requires a drastic transformation of the heating sector, which today accounts for about 24% of regional energy demand and is responsible for about 22% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It presents the results of research and analysis of 23 countries across Europe and Central Asia (ECA) on the status and trends of space heating in the region.

Letter From the Director David K Mitchell Welcome to our fifth ECA newsletter for Eco Custodian Advocates, As we enter our third year we can look back and see that we are making both environmental and life impact of our place. Our lead story is on turtle satellite tagging with youth from Ole Island - 1808 Atlas of D’Entrecasteaux voyage. But 2018 is leaning towards an El Nino year and it seems the migration for nesting this season is not on. We look at why not. We had an Adelaide University student with us in this work who had been drawn by Gwala Rising. We mutually gained from this experience. Gwala too was shown within PNG, on NBCTV, at a Conservation Seminar, at UPNG and in the 6th Human Rights Film Festival. Again too much to summarise so please take a look through to see what has been driving us at this time.

The European Social Survey (ESS) is an academically-driven multi-country survey, which has been administered in over 30 countries to date. Its three aims are, firstly – to monitor and interpret changing public attitudes and values within Europe and to investigate how they interact with Europe's changing institutions, secondly to advance and consolidate improved methods of cross-national survey measurement in Europe and beyond, and thirdly to develop a series of European social indicators, including attitudinal indicators. In the eighth round, the survey covers 23 countries and employs the most rigorous methodologies. From Round 7 it is funded by the Members, Observers and Guests of ESS European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ESS ERIC) who represent national governments. Participating countries directly fund the central coordination costs of the ESS ERIC, as well the costs of fieldwork and national coordination in their own country. The survey involves strict random probability sampling, a minimum target response rate of 70% and rigorous translation protocols. The hour-long face-to-face interview includes questions on a variety of core topics repeated from previous rounds of the survey and also two modules developed for Round 8 covering Public Attitudes to Climate Change, Energy Security, and Energy Preferences and Welfare Attitudes in a Changing Europe (the latter is a partial repeat of a module from Round 4).

Fuel sulfur emissions control areas have been established in a few marine coastal regions to reduce environmental impacts from combustion of high sulfur residual fuel oil (RFO). For example, in August of 2012, the U.S. began enforcing fuel sulfur limits on certain large commercial marine vessels up to 200 nautical miles (nm) of its coasts as part of a North American Emissions Control Area (NA-ECA), and in January of 2014, the U.S. began enforcing fuel sulfur limits on these vessels within up to 50 nm of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as part of the U.S. Caribbean Sea ECA (USCAR-ECA). This work evaluates ECA effectiveness at reducing PM2.5 from combustion of RFO by using both spatial analysis, comparing PM2.5 source apportionment at IMPROVE monitoring sites largely impacted by air from either inside or outside of an ECA, along with temporal analysis, comparing RFO combustion impacts pre and post ECA enforcement at sites largely impacted by air from inside an ECA. Source apportionment was performed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) on chemically speciated PM2.5 data from 2009 to 2018. Results for 7 coastal U.S. IMPROVE sites influenced by marine air masses within the NA-ECA showed an annual mean reduction of PM2.5 from RFO combustion of 79.0% (range, 60.2% to 91.5%) when comparing impacts from the pre-ECA (RFO average 2.7% S) period of 2009–2011 to the ECA 0.1% fuel S period of 2015–2018. In contrast, the Virgin Islands, Big Bend, and Baengnyeong Island South Korea IMPROVE sites were impacted by RFO combustion and were largely or wholly influenced by air masses from outside of an emissions control area. These sites saw a statistically significant 14.0% increase, a 21.0% decrease, or no statistically significant change, respectively, when comparing time periods pre and post ECA enforcement. Implications: This study performs source apportionment on PM2.5 monitoring data to identify 10 sites impacted by residual fuel oil combustion, mainly from marine vessel fuel use. The paper then evaluates the effects of enforcement of marine vessel fuel sulfur emissions control areas at reducing ambient impacts of this source on PM2.5. This study uses both temporal analysis of the source apportionment results, comparing source impacts before and after enforcement of marine vessel fuel sulfur emissions control areas, and spatial analysis, comparing source impacts between sites largely impacted or not impacted by airmasses originating inside of marine vessel fuel sulfur emissions control areas.

This dataset tracks annual reading and language arts proficiency from 2010 to 2018 for Willow Vista Eca vs. Texas and River Road Independent School District

Data from World Development Indicators and Climate Change Knowledge Portal on climate systems, exposure to climate impacts, resilience, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy use.

This dataset tracks annual white student percentage from 2011 to 2023 for Willow Vista Eca vs. Texas and River Road Independent School District