Examining the most heavily cited publications in labor economics from the early 1990s, I show that few of over 3,000 articles, citing them directly, replicates them. They are replicated more frequently using data from other time periods and economies, so that the validity of their central ideas has typically been verified. This pattern of scholarship suggests, beyond the currently required depositing of data and code upon publication, that there is little need for formal mechanisms for replication. The market for scholarship already produces replications of non-laboratory applied research.

Description: This dataset contains historical economic data spanning from 1871 to 2024, used in Jaouad Karfali’s research on Economic Cycle Analysis with Numerical Time Cycles. The study aims to improve economic forecasting accuracy through the 9-year cycle model, which demonstrates superior predictive capabilities compared to traditional economic indicators.

Dataset Contents: The dataset includes a comprehensive range of economic indicators used in the research, such as:

USGDP_1871-2024.csv – U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data. USCPI_cleaned.csv – U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI), cleaned and processed. USWAGE_1871-2024.csv – U.S. average wages data. EXCHANGEGLOBAL_cleaned.csv – Global exchange rates for the U.S. dollar. EXCHANGEPOUND_cleaned.csv – U.S. dollar to British pound exchange rates. INTERESTRATE_1871-2024.csv – U.S. interest rate data. UNRATE.csv – U.S. unemployment rate statistics. POPTOTUSA647NWDB.csv – U.S. total population data. Significance of the Data: This dataset serves as a foundation for a robust economic analysis of the U.S. economy over multiple decades. It was instrumental in testing the 9-year economic cycle model, which demonstrated an 85% accuracy rate in economic forecasting when compared to traditional models such as ARIMA and VAR.

Applications:

Economic Forecasting: Predicts a 1.5% decline in GDP in 2025, followed by a gradual recovery between 2026-2034. Economic Stability Analysis: Used for comparing forecasts with estimates from institutions like the IMF and World Bank. Academic and Institutional Research: Supports studies in economic cycles and long-term forecasting. Source & Further Information: For more details on the methodology and research findings, refer to the full paper published on SSRN:

https://ssrn.com/author=7429208 https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9626-7289

• Jaouad Karfali

The French database is implemented as a relational database that integrates multiple interconnected data frames. It is organized around four main components:

• Thesis Metadata: This table contains the core information for each dissertation. Each entry corresponds to a single thesis and includes details such as the title, defense date, abstract, and other relevant metadata.
• Edges Data: This table captures the connections between the other three tables, linking individuals, institutions, and theses. It associates each thesis with the individuals and institutions involved in its production, thereby enabling a synthetized view of these relationships. The edges data are provided in two formats: (1) a ready-to-use format with cleaned and standardized information; and (2) a more extensive format that allows for comparison between the original collected data and the results of the cleaning process.
• Institutions Data: This table includes information on universities, laboratories, doctoral schools, and other institutions associated with the dissertations. Each entry corresponds to a single institution.
• Individual Data: This table contains information on the individuals involved in the dissertations, including authors, supervisors, and jury members. Each entry corresponds to a single individual.

The data used in this project comes from three mains sources:

• Theses.fr: https://theses.fr/
• Sudoc: https://www.sudoc.fr/
• IdRef: https://www.idref.fr/

If you use our data or scripts, please cite the following reference: “Delcey Thomas, and Aurélien Goutsmedt. (2024). Becoming an Economist: A Database of French Economics PhDs. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541427”

Imports: Price: Other Products: Printed Material data was reported at 5,584.393 USD/Ton in 30 Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,511.667 USD/Ton for 27 Apr 2025. Imports: Price: Other Products: Printed Material data is updated daily, averaging 9,289.425 USD/Ton from Mar 2019 (Median) to 30 Apr 2025, with 263 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,802.801 USD/Ton in 11 Sep 2022 and a record low of 4,603.991 USD/Ton in 06 Apr 2025. Imports: Price: Other Products: Printed Material data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.JAA010: Imports: Economic Activity: Product: Price.

United States SBP: FI: Received Fin Assistance: Econ Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL) data was reported at 5.300 % in 10 Jan 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.100 % for 03 Jan 2022. United States SBP: FI: Received Fin Assistance: Econ Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL) data is updated weekly, averaging 3.950 % from Feb 2021 (Median) to 10 Jan 2022, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.100 % in 03 Jan 2022 and a record low of 1.700 % in 08 Mar 2021. United States SBP: FI: Received Fin Assistance: Econ Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S045: Small Business Pulse Survey: by Sector: Weekly. Beg Monday (Discontinued).

Denton economic data from the American Community Survey (ACS)

United States The Economist YouGov Polls: 2024 Presidential Election: Donald Trump data was reported at 46.000 % in 29 Oct 2024. This stayed constant from the previous number of 46.000 % for 22 Oct 2024. United States The Economist YouGov Polls: 2024 Presidential Election: Donald Trump data is updated weekly, averaging 43.000 % from May 2023 (Median) to 29 Oct 2024, with 61 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 46.000 % in 29 Oct 2024 and a record low of 38.000 % in 31 Oct 2023. United States The Economist YouGov Polls: 2024 Presidential Election: Donald Trump data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by YouGov PLC. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.PR004: The Economist YouGov Polls: 2024 Presidential Election (Discontinued). If an election for president were going to be held now and the Democratic nominee was Joe Biden and the Republican nominee was Donald Trump, would you vote for...

This report summarises key economic factors affecting the success of recent resource and environmental management projects in the Pacific.

Comprehensive dataset of 1 Economic development agencies in Tver Oblast, Russia as of July, 2025. Includes verified contact information (email, phone), geocoded addresses, customer ratings, reviews, business categories, and operational details. Perfect for market research, lead generation, competitive analysis, and business intelligence. Download a complimentary sample to evaluate data quality and completeness.

United States US: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Services data was reported at 2.621 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.221 % for 2014. United States US: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Services data is updated yearly, averaging 2.335 % from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2015, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.456 % in 1999 and a record low of -1.772 % in 2009. United States US: GDP: Growth: Gross Value Added: Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Annual Growth Rate. Annual growth rate for value added in services based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2010 U.S. dollars. Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted Average; Note: Data for OECD countries are based on ISIC, revision 4.

Imports: Volume: Daily Average: YoY: Daily Average: Extractive Industry: Other Base Metal Ores and Concentrates data was reported at -26.095 % in 30 Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of -16.994 % for 27 Apr 2025. Imports: Volume: Daily Average: YoY: Daily Average: Extractive Industry: Other Base Metal Ores and Concentrates data is updated daily, averaging -16.391 % from Mar 2020 (Median) to 30 Apr 2025, with 250 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,208.783 % in 05 Apr 2020 and a record low of -99.086 % in 05 Jul 2020. Imports: Volume: Daily Average: YoY: Daily Average: Extractive Industry: Other Base Metal Ores and Concentrates data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.JAA012: Imports: Economic Activity: Product: Volume: Year-on-Year.

Economic Activity Rate: CF: Kursk Region data was reported at 61.100 % in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 60.200 % for 2023. Economic Activity Rate: CF: Kursk Region data is updated yearly, averaging 65.100 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2024, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 67.800 % in 2016 and a record low of 59.800 % in 2020. Economic Activity Rate: CF: Kursk Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GB006: Economic Activity Rate: by Region: Annual.

Poland Number of National Economy Entities: Registered: Natural Persons Conducting Economic Activity data was reported at 3,081,190.000 Unit in Sep 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,043,282.000 Unit for Jun 2018. Poland Number of National Economy Entities: Registered: Natural Persons Conducting Economic Activity data is updated quarterly, averaging 2,871,457.000 Unit from Sep 2002 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 65 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,081,190.000 Unit in Sep 2018 and a record low of 2,677,537.000 Unit in Sep 2002. Poland Number of National Economy Entities: Registered: Natural Persons Conducting Economic Activity data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.O013: Number of Economic Entities: Registered: by Ownership and Legal Form.

United States AHE: sa: PW: PB: Packaging & Labeling Services data was reported at 20.630 USD in Nov 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 20.430 USD for Oct 2022. United States AHE: sa: PW: PB: Packaging & Labeling Services data is updated monthly, averaging 13.020 USD from Jan 1990 (Median) to Nov 2022, with 395 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.630 USD in Nov 2022 and a record low of 7.360 USD in Jan 1990. United States AHE: sa: PW: PB: Packaging & Labeling Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G076: Current Employment Statistics: Average Hourly Earnings: Production Workers: Seasonally Adjusted.

United States Exports: Services: OB: TTR: MI: Abroad data was reported at 3.377 USD bn in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.324 USD bn for 2015. United States Exports: Services: OB: TTR: MI: Abroad data is updated yearly, averaging 3.451 USD bn from Dec 2006 (Median) to 2016, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.324 USD bn in 2015 and a record low of 1.917 USD bn in 2006. United States Exports: Services: OB: TTR: MI: Abroad data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bureau of Economic Analysis. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.JA021: Trade Statistics: Services: By Type.

United States Imports: Services: Brazil: OB: Research & Development data was reported at 557.000 USD mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 421.000 USD mn for 2015. United States Imports: Services: Brazil: OB: Research & Development data is updated yearly, averaging 421.000 USD mn from Dec 2006 (Median) to 2016, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 582.000 USD mn in 2013 and a record low of 55.000 USD mn in 2006. United States Imports: Services: Brazil: OB: Research & Development data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bureau of Economic Analysis. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.JA029: Trade Statistics: Services: Brazil.

United States Months of Supply: Multi-Family: Kapaa, HI data was reported at 0.500 Month in Apr 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.000 Month for Mar 2020. United States Months of Supply: Multi-Family: Kapaa, HI data is updated monthly, averaging 4.000 Month from Dec 2012 (Median) to Apr 2020, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.000 Month in Oct 2017 and a record low of 0.500 Month in Apr 2020. United States Months of Supply: Multi-Family: Kapaa, HI data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Redfin. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EB029: Months of Supply: by Metropolitan Areas.

United States NLB: saar: Capital Account: Addendum: Rest of the World data was reported at 569.211 USD bn in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 524.026 USD bn for Dec 2017. United States NLB: saar: Capital Account: Addendum: Rest of the World data is updated quarterly, averaging 43.283 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 859.012 USD bn in Sep 2006 and a record low of -42.129 USD bn in Mar 1991. United States NLB: saar: Capital Account: Addendum: Rest of the World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB074: Integrated Macroeconomic Accounts: Total Economy and Sectors: Selected Aggregates.

Expenses Margin: Own Staff: Equivalent: North: Amapá data was reported at 77.280 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 60.760 % for 2021. Expenses Margin: Own Staff: Equivalent: North: Amapá data is updated yearly, averaging 72.550 % from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2022, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85.320 % in 2014 and a record low of 57.430 % in 2020. Expenses Margin: Own Staff: Equivalent: North: Amapá data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Cities. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Environmental, Social and Governance Sector – Table BR.EVB020: Economic, Financial and Administrative Indicators: Expenses Margin.

United States COF: Net Interest Income data was reported at 2,690,788.000 USD th in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,520,031.000 USD th for Sep 2019. United States COF: Net Interest Income data is updated quarterly, averaging 1,291,972.000 USD th from Dec 2000 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 77 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,690,788.000 USD th in Dec 2019 and a record low of 112,510.000 USD th in Dec 2005. United States COF: Net Interest Income data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.KB060: Financial Data: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: Capital One.